• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.226-235
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate short-term and long-term skeletodental outcomes of Class III activator treatment. Methods: A Class III activator treatment group (AG) comprised of 22 patients (9 boys, 13 girls) was compared with a Class III control group (CG) comprised of 17 patients (6 boys, 11 girls). The total treatment period was divided into three stages; the initial stage (T1), the post-activator treatment or post-mandibular growth peak stage (T2), and the long-term follow-up stage (T3). Cephalometric changes were evaluated statistically via the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Friedman test. Results: The AG exhibited significant increases in the SNA angle, ANB angle, Wits appraisal, A point-N perpendicular, Convexity of A point, and proclination of the maxillary incisors, from T1 to T2. In the long-term follow-up (T1-T3), the AG exhibited significantly greater increases in the ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and Convexity of A point than the CG. Conclusions: Favorable skeletal outcomes induced during the Class III activator treatment period were generally maintained until the long-term follow-up period of the post-mandibular growth peak stage.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2021

This study is reporting the clinical effect of herbal medicine for Class III obesity. A 34-year-old man with body mass index (BMI) 44.1 kg/m² was diagnosed to Class III obesity. We prescribed herbal medicine (Gambi-hwan) for 60 days. Self controlled low calorie diet and slight aerobic exercise were concomitantly performed during the treatment period. Body weight decreased from 152.4 kg to 128.1 kg. BMI decreased from 44.1 kg/m² to 37.0 kg/m². Visceral fat area decreased from 276 cm² to 195 cm². Percent of excess weight loss was 58.40% after treatment. A Class III obesity patient showed significant weight loss with herbal medicine as single Korean medicine treatment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 2001

Background: When we make treatment plan of class III malocclusion children, it is difficult to determine whether we treat it with orthognathic surgery or without orthognathic surgery. To determine that, we must consider many factors, such as cephalometric analysis, growth pattern, family history, and skeletal age. A Harvold cephalometric analysis is useful in determining the amount of discrepancy by comparing the maxillary unit length with mandibular, unit length. We tried this study to help the decision of treatment planning in class ill malocclusion children by comparison in class III malocclusion and normal occlusion children using a Harvold analysis. Materials and Methods: The materials for this study consisted of 20 class III malocclusion children. Cephalometric tracing and measurements were performed by one investigator. The control group consisted of 18 normal occlusion children and lateral cephalograms were obtained from 8.5 to 14.5 years old children biannually. The relationships between class III malocclusion group and normal occlusion group were evaluated statistically. Results: The lower anterior facial heights between two groups were not significantly different, although the lower anterior facial heights of class III malocclusion group was higher than those of normal occlusion group in all age groups. The Maxillary-mandibular unit length differences of class III malocclusion group were significantly higher than those of normal occlusion group(p<0.05). Conclusion: A Harvold analysis was useful to make treatment planning for class III malocclusion children.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2012

Recently, the presurgical orthodontic duration tends to be shortened by virtue of the advancement of surgical and orthodontic techniques in class III orthognathic surgery cases. But the predictability of the surgical results should be secured by removing several uncertain factors in presurgical orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of immediate postsurgical occlusal stability on postsurgical mandibular change. The study includes 40 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery to correct skeletal class III malocclusion. The patients were divided into two groups based on the numbers of occlusal contact in surgical setup occlusion: group 1 (stable surgical occlusion, n=24) and group 2(unstable surgical occlusion, n=16). Changes of horizontal and vertical mandibular measurements during postsurgical follow up period(from 1 week postsurgery to 12month after debonding) were compared to examine the differences between two groups. The stability of surgical occlusion is one of the factors influencing postsurgical mandibular changes in class III malocclusion. The various class III malocclusion cases have specific prerequisites for the orthognathic surgery according to the skeletal patterns. The prerequisites should be obtained by minimum presurgical orthodontics to increase the predictability of the surgical results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.736-745
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• 1996

The conventional treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion has been focused on application of orthopedic force primarily to the mandible. However, In Class III malocclusion with retrograde position or underdevelopment of Maxilla, this approach is not suitable treatment. These patients need an application of orthopedic forces via face-mask to the Maxilla to stimulate its growth and to change the direction of growth. In skeletal Class III patients who were treated by Face-Mask, the following results were obtained. 1. Forward growth of Maxilla was enhanced. 2. Labioversion of upper incisors and linguoversion of lower incisors were observed. 3. Mandible was rotated to clockwise direction and remodeling of B point was observed. 4. Anterior crossbite was corrected by combining of the above results.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1970

Class III malocclusions are difficult to treat and take more time than any other types. But if such problems are detected at the earliest opportunity, we may gain the best possible correction consistent with the limitations imposed by morphogenetic pattern. The question of whether a patient has false or real Class III malocclusion is not important. Therapy wilt eleminate the malrelationship, in any event. Graber said, 'It has been my experience that many so-called 'pseudo' Class III's are full-blown Class III's later on during the prolific growth period.' The authors have attempted early treatment of a Class III malocclusion of 8-year old girl, who has the familial history of Class III malocclusion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2017

Objective: To evaluate the effects of facemask therapy, which was anchored from the zygomatic buttresses of the maxilla by using two miniplates, in skeletal Class III patients with maxillary deficiency. Methods: Eighteen skeletal Class III patients (10 girls and 8 boys; mean age, $11.4{\pm}1.28$ years) with maxillary deficiency were treated using miniplate-anchored facemasks, and their outcomes were compared with those of a Class III control group (9 girls and 9 boys; mean age, $10.6{\pm}1.12$ years). Two I-shaped miniplates were placed on the right and left zygomatic buttresses of the maxilla, and a facemask was applied with a 400 g force per side. Intragroup comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon test, and intergroup comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U-test (p < 0.05). Results: In the treatment group, the maxilla moved 3.3 mm forward, the mandible showed posterior rotation by $1.5^{\circ}$, and the lower incisors were retroclined after treatment. These results were significantly different from those in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant anterior rotation of the palatal plane was observed after treatment. Moreover, changes in the sagittal positions of the maxillary incisors and molars were similar between the treatment and control groups. Conclusions: Skeletally anchored facemask therapy is an effective method for correcting Class III malocclusions, which also minimizes the undesired dental side effects of conventional methods in the maxilla.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.364-368
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• 2013

The case report describes the occlusal rehabilitation of a male patient with Angle Class III malocclusion and its effect on maximum bite force. The main complaints of patient were masticatory difficulty and poor esthetic. The patient's expectations from the treatment were a good esthetic and function with a less invasive and relatively promptly way. Therefore, increasing of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) and then restoring the maxillary and mandibular teeth was chosen by the patient among the treatment options. At the beginning of treatment maximum bite force of patient was measured. Then an occlusal splint was provided to evaluate the adaptation of the patient to the altered OVD. Full mouth rehabilitation with metal ceramic restorations was made. After the completion of full mouth restoration, bite force measurement was repeated and patient exhibited increased maximum bite force. Full mouth restorative treatment in a patient with Class III malocclusion could be an effective treatment approach to resolve esthetic concern and to improve masticatory function related to maximum bite force.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2001

The Class III malocclusion classified in two types of Skeletal Class III and Pseudo Class III. In the case of the maxillary deficiency, the protraction H-G(facemask) with Bonded RPE can be used. For children with A-P and vertical maxillary deficiency, the preferred treatment is to move the maxilla into a more anterior and inferior position, which also increases its size as bone is added at the posterior and superior sutures. Successful forward repositioning of the maxilla can be accomplished before age 8. To resist tooth movement as much as possible, the maxillary teeth should be splinted together as a single unit. The maxillary appliance must have hooks for attachment to the facemask that are located in the canine-primary molar area above the occlusal plane. The facemask usually worn until a positive overjet of 2-5mm is achieved interincisally. Occipital chin cup is successful in those patients who can bring their incisors close to an edge-to-edge position when in centric relation. This treatment is particularly useful in patients who begin treatment with a short lower anterior facial height, as this type of treatment can lead to an increase in lower anterior facial height. If the pull of the chin cup is directed below the condyle, the force of the appliance may lead to a downward and backward rotation of the mandible.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

Treatment of adult patients with Class III malocclusion frequently requires a combined orthodontic and surgical approach. However, if for various reasons, nonsurgical orthodontic treatment is chosen, a stable outcome requires careful consideration of the patient's biologic limitation. This case presents the orthodontic treatment of an adult with a Class III malocclusion, which was treated nonsurgically using indirect skeletal anchorage.