• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2005

Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in muscle mass, cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content. Causes inducing muscle atrophy may be inactivity, denervation, undernutrition and steroid. Inactivity may decrease protein synthesis and increase protein breakdown of skeletal muscle. The muscle atrophy due to inactivity was induced by bed rest, hindlimb suspension, cast, total hip replacement arthroplasty, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Denervated atrophy may be induced by the loss of innervation from lower motor neuron. The atrophy was apparent in the lower limb of hemiplegic patients following ischemic stroke and in the hindlimb of ischemic stroke rats. Protein breakdown of skeletal muscle in the undernourished state results in muscle atrophy. The atrophy due to undernutrition was evident in cancer and leukemia patients and in the undernourished rats. Steroids have been used to treat allergies, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and to inhibit immune function following transplantation. Steroids may induce muscle atrophy by protein breakdown of skeletal muscle. Muscle Physiology Laboratoryat College of Nursing, Seoul National University proved that dexamethasone may induce hindlimb muscle atrophy in rats and exercise and DHEA may attenuate hindlimb muscle atrophy induced by the steroid in rats. Nurses working with patients undergoing steroid treatment need to be cognizant of steroid induced muscle atrophy. They need to assess whether muscle atrophy is being occurred during and after the steroid treatment. Moreover, they need to apply exercise and DHEA to the patients undergoing steroid treatment in order to attenuate the steroid induced muscle atrophy.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.564-572
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• 2020

Implant treatment has long been established as the main stream for the recovery of lost teeth. Implant therapy, which began to be practiced under the concept of osseointegration, was performed on the completely healed bone, but implant placement immediately after extraction, which began to be introduced in the 1970s, began to become a widely used treatment modality since the 2000s. However, as with all other procedures, immediate implant placement is not omnipotent. If you are obsessed with the obsession that you need to provide quicker implant treatment to the patients, and if you do it as if you are being chased by time, it is the immediate implant placement that can lead to various embarrassing situations. In this article, to reduce complications, the author will look at some issues that need to be considered when placing implants immediately after extraction.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.334-339
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health condition and dental treatment need of low socioeconomic elderly people. A total of 116 elderly people who visited Boramae Hospital were evaluated with oral examination and panoramic radiogaph. The results showed that the most expecting treatment of low income aged people was removable partial denture. It was very clear in the age group of 70-84. In the age group under 70, most of the patients wanted prosthodontic tratement using fixed partial denture or crown. As the result of this study, elderly people with low socioeconomic status under age 85 needed removable partial denture or fixed prosthesis than complete denture. It is necessary to develop a more expanding and customized Senile prosthetic restoration program.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2018

Objectives : This research aimed to verify the validities of contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture or moxibustion treatments in Taipingshenghuifang and Tongrenzhenjiujing. Methods : We investigated contraindicated acupoints when performing needling or moxibustion in Taipingshenghuifang and Tongrenzhenjiujing, then verified them in various literatures and today's medical knowledge. Results : In Taipingshenghuifang and Tongrenzhenjiujing, 15 acupoints were described to need a careful approach in acupuncture treatment, and 24 acupoints were described so in moxibustion treatment in common. And additionally GB1 was described to need a careful moxibustion treatment in Taipingshenghuifang. Most of the descriptions for the contradindicated acupoints can be explained based on medical knowledge. Conclusions : The contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture or moxibustion treatments in Taipingshenghuifang and Tongrenzhenjiujing seem to have been classified based on the experience of the doctors at that time. Therefore they may be referred to for safe acupuncture or moxibustion treatments at these points.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.30.1-30.6
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• 2019

We report the surgical endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with a lateral lesion that originated from an accessory canal. Although lesions originating from accessory canals frequently heal with simple conventional endodontic therapy, some lesions may need additional and different treatment. In the present case, conventional root canal retreatment led to incomplete healing with the need for further treatment (i.e., surgery). Surgical endodontic management with a fast-setting calcium silicate cement was performed on the accessory canal using a dental operating microscope. At the patient's 9-month recall visit, the lesion was resolved upon radiography.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify key educational and counseling needs of breast cancer patients in Korea. The data were collected from 102 breast cancer survivors. The instrument consisted of 66 items and the items were divided into five treatment stages: pre-admission, admission, discharge, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The subjects' mean age was 50 years and most of them were housewives. All had a mastectomy and among them 69 had chemotherapy and 42 had radiation therapy. Average post-surgical period was 47 months. The mean score of the subjects' needs was 2.99 out of 4 points. The highest educational need was to know about the method of recurrence prevention. In terms of the treatment stages, mean score for pre-admission was 3.09, admission 3.06, chemotherapy 3.03, after discharge 2.95, and radiation therapy 2.80. In the pre-admission period, etiology, diagnostic tests, treatment and prevention of the breast cancer were needed the most. During the admission period, symptom management after the operation had the highest score. After discharge, prevention of recurrence had the highest score. The results of this research will help in developing educational and counseling programs by understanding the specific needs of breast cancer patients based on the treatment stages.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2017

Background Lipedema is a condition consisting of painful bilateral increases in subcutaneous fat and interstitial fluid in the limbs with secondary lymphedema and fibrosis during later stages. Combined decongestive therapy (CDT) is the standard of care in most countries. Since the introduction of tumescent technique, liposuction has been used as a surgical treatment option. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of liposuction used as treatment for lipedema. Methods Twenty-five patients who received 72 liposuction procedures for the treatment of lipedema completed a standardized questionnaire. Lipedema-associated complaints and the need for CDT were assessed for the preoperative period and during 2 separate postoperative follow-ups using a visual analog scale and a composite CDT score. The mean follow-up times for the first postoperative follow-up and the second postoperative follow-up were 16 months and 37 months, respectively. Results Patients showed significant reductions in spontaneous pain, sensitivity to pressure, feeling of tension, bruising, cosmetic impairment, and general impairment to quality of life from the preoperative period to the first postoperative follow-up, and these results remained consistent until the second postoperative follow-up. A comparison of the preoperative period to the last postoperative follow-up, after 4 patients without full preoperative CDT were excluded from the analysis, indicated that the need for CDT was reduced significantly. An analysis of the different stages of the disease also indicated that better and more sustainable results could be achieved if patients were treated in earlier stages. Conclusions Liposuction is effective in the treatment of lipedema and leads to an improvement in quality of life and a decrease in the need for conservative therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Adult patients who need implant and prosthodontic treatment often need treatment to improve the existing occlusion through orthodontic treatment for long-term stable treatment results. However, due to non-aesthetic and uncomfortable orthodontic treatment with orthodontic brackets and wires, many adult patients give up treatment even though they know the need for it. Recently, as digital dentistry has affected all areas of dentistry, clear aligner orthodontic systems have begun to be widely used, and their use is increasing in adults and old-aged people due to the esthetic advantage and convenient oral care. SERAFIN clear aligner system developed in Korea has been developed with the aim of implementing a functional occlusion harmony and is used not only for partial orthodontic treatment but also comprehensive orthodontic treatment. This patient presentation is shown the treatment using SERAFIN clear aligner system for the treatment of patient with TMD, severe extrusion of maxillary second molars, and extracted teeth.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-69
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• 2003

This study purported to evaluate the performance of the appointment system for outpatients in primary care dental clinic. The data of patients' time flow for 1,245 patients in Y Dental Clinic were collected for one month in 2002 and then analyzed. Specifically, the time periods of treatment and patients' waiting as well as rates of appointment and it's failure are estimated. The accuracy of expected treatment time period was also evaluated. The results showed that 72% of patients visited the clinic with appointments, and only 56% kept their appointments. The patient's waiting time period turned out to be 11 minutes in Y clinic. The expected treatment time period is turned out to be very important because they influence significantly on patient's waiting time period. Practically, the expected treatment time period should be overestimated about 9 minutes in general, and the characteristics of dentist, each patient's diagnosis and age need to be especially considered. Hospitals and clinics also need to make the systematic and detailed critical pathways for a variety of patient cases by analyzing the patients' treatment pattern. With the improved appointment systems, healthcare institutions will approach the goal of effective and efficient management of the institution and also satisfy their customers.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Purposes: This study employed a posteriori registration and subtraction of radiographic images to quantify the apical root resorption in maxillary permanent central incisors after orthodontic treatment, and assessed whether the external apical root resorption (EARR) was related to a range of parameters involved in the treatment. Materials and Methods: A sample of 79 patients (mean age, $13.5{\pm}2.2years$) with no history of trauma or endodontic treatment of the maxillary permanent central incisors was selected. Periapical radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment were digitized and imported to the Regeemy software. Based on an analysis of the post-treatment radiographs, the length of the incisors was measured using Image J software. The mean EARR was described in pixels and relative root resorption (%). The patient's age and gender, tooth extraction, use of elastics, and treatment duration were evaluated to identify possible correlations with EARR. Results: The mean EARR observed was $15.44{\pm}12.1pixels$ (5.1% resorption). No differences in the mean EARR were observed according to patient characteristics (gender, age) or treatment parameters (use of elastics, treatment duration). The only parameter that influenced the mean EARR of a patient was the need for tooth extraction. Conclusion: A posteriori registration and subtraction of periapical radiographs was a suitable method to quantify EARR after orthodontic treatment, and the need for tooth extraction increased the extent of root resorption after orthodontic treatment.