• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2001

To treat piggery wastewater containing refractory compounds including nitrogen, physical treatments using zeolite and biological processes were investigated. In biogical treatment, the removal efficiencies of organics and nitrogen in bioreador using BACC (Biological Activated Carbon Cartridge) media filled with granule activated carbon were examined. The best removal efficiencies achieved for TKN and COD(sub)cr were 82% and 53% respectively, when zeolite dosage was 300 g/L. Specific nitrogen removal ability was 3.2 mg/g at a zeolite dosage of 50 g/L, whereas specific nitrogen removal ability was 1.8 mg/g at a zeolite dosage of 300 g/L. The increased of C/N ratio resulting from the removal of nitrogen using zeolite led to an increase in removal efficiency of organics. As C/N ratio was increased to 2.0, 2.44 and 6.58 at a HRT of 48 hours in a BACC bioreactor, removal efficiencies of COD(sub)cr were increased to 53.5%, 57.4% and 80.6%. The removal efficiency of wastewater using a zeolite dosage of 399 g/L was increased by 27.1% compared to that of control treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1-3
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• 2002

This study was to evaluate on the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater at MUNR process using sludge carbon source for environmental micro-organism. The removal efficiencies of total suspended solid were 85.9~91％, total nitrogen were 38.6~87.2％ and total phosphorus were 30.8~39.0％, respectively. It was shown that removal efficiency of nitrogen was effectively influenced by sludge carbon source treated with ultrasonication. The removal efficiency of total phosphorus was low because the sludge was not wasted during this treatment.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
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• pp.117-120
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• 2004

The separation characteristics were investigated with the variations of pressure and temperature using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane module sets composed of different membrane types and materials. TDS, T-N and COD removal efficiencies were not affected and low with the change of temperature and pressure in case of using UF modules contained in module set 1, 2, 3. TDS, T-N and COD removal efficiencies were very high in RO modules. The final water quality of acrylic wastewater was satisfied within the discharge limit value of plant wastewater. It was known that membrane module sets could be used for the reuse of wastewater.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of nutrient removal due to rapid hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation in small size private sewage treatment facility and to have better effluent quality by using natural zeolite as a coagulant aid. The experiments were conducted by applying different conditions of HRT, coagulant, and zeolite dosages. As an experimental result, $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP removal efficiencies were 64.9%, 94.5%, and 98.8% at co-injection with zeolite. Overall removal efficiencies of $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP have improved 15.7, 28.7, 6.1%, respectively. This result shows that zeolite addition could improve flocculation, increase setting velocity, and thus have better treatment. Therefore the use of zeolite as a coagulant aid can be useful in small size private sewage treatment facility, where especially extra nutrient removal is required to meet the legal standard for discharge.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

Livestock wastewater containing high concentrations of organic matters and ammonia-nitrogen has been known as one of the recalcitrant wastewater. It is difficult to treat by conventional wastewater treatment techniques. This study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of zeolite ion exchange and gamma-ray irradiation treatment of livestock wastewater. The removal efficiencies of $SCOD_{Cr}$ and $NH_3-N$ were significantly enhanced by gamma-ray irradiation after zeolite ion exchange as a pre-treatment. However, the effects of zeolite particle size on the $SCOD_{Cr}$ and $NH_3-N$ removal efficiencies were insignificant. These results indicate that the combined process of zeolite ion exchange and gamma-ray irradiation has potential for the treatment of livestock wastewater.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the treatment efficiencies of anaerobic packed and fluidized-bed biofilm and to investigate applicability in treating livestock wastewater. Biocarbonate alkalinity(BA) and volatile fatty acid(VFA) were about 3,230-3,270 mg/l, 3,790-3,126 mg/l(as CaCO$_3$) and 224-402 mg/l, 141-387 mg/l(as CH$_3$COOH), and VFA/BA ratio was about 0.069~0.12, 0.045-0.12 in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm. When COD loading rate was 6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm, methane gas production were 3.23 l/day and 4.38 l/day, respectively. In the same COD loading rate, methane gas production volumes per kg COD removal were 0.25 m$^3$ CH$_4$/kg COD$_{rm}$ and $0.28 m^3 CH_4/kg COD^{rm}$, respectively. At this time, it could be estimated that fluidized-bed biofilm was more high. In case of HRT 0.94 day(6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day) and 11 day(0.5 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day), packed-bed biofilm showed 59% and 81% COD removal efficiency, respectively. While fluidized-bed biofilm showed 72% and 85% removal efficiency, respectively. It was showed that fluidized-bed biofilm was more efficient. Packed-bed biofilm was higher than fluidized in treatment efficiencies of organic matters, but required continuous treatment using combined system, because it was very exceeded over an environmental standard solidified from '96 year. In operating fluidized-bed biofilm, if farm house consider high power cost according to high circulation ratio in an economic point of view, it would have an effect that farm house use packed-bed biofilm as combined system in treating livestock wastewater.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.454-458
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• 2007

본 연구는 알루미나를 이용하여 수용액 중에 존재하는 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO{_3}^-$, $Cl^-$ 이온의 제거 특성을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 알루미나는 $Al(NO_3)_3{\cdot}9H_2O$와 $NH_4OH$를 사용하여 합성한 수화물을 $450{\sim}750^{\circ}C$로 5 h 동안 열처리하고 FT-IR과 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)법으로 물성을 분석하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 알루미나의 비표면적은 열처리 온도가 증가하면 감소하는 특성을 나타내었다. 알루미나에 의한 흡착능은 $SO{_4}^{2-}$와 $NO{_3}^-$가 각각 23 mg/g와 12.4 mg/g의 값을 보였다. 반면에 $Cl^-$는 4 mg/g으로 비교적 낮은 값을 보였다. 일반적으로 음이온 제거 효율은 알루미나의 제조를 위한 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, $450^{\circ}C$로 처리한 알루미나의 경우에 가장 좋은 처리 효율을 나타내었다. 양이온인 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$의 제거 효율은 알루미나의 열처리 온도에 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.606-611
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 오염된 토양 속에 함유된 중금속과 페놀의 처리에 대하여 직류 전원과 펄스 전원을 적용하여 고찰하였다. 직류 전원을 사용하여 오염된 토양을 처리하였을 때 구리, 아연, 비소, 납의 제거 효율은 각각 70, 87, 12, 11%를 나타내었고, 페놀은 85% 이상이 제거되었다. 그리고 펄스 전원을 사용하였을 때 구리, 아연, 비소, 납의 제거효율이 각각 87, 91, 37, 38%이었으며, 페놀은 88% 제거되었다. 이러한 결과들은 펄스 전원을 오염된 토양에 적용하였을 때, 전기삼투 현상은 낮아졌지만 중금속들의 전류이동 속도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 토양의 점토 성분에 의한 흡착 능력의 향상으로 인하여 비소와 납의 제거효율이 증가되었다. 따라서 이러한 직류 전원과 펄스 전원을 이용하는 동전기 실험 결과들은 여러 가지 중금속들과 페놀을 처리하는 복원 기술로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

This study was focused on improving nitrification efficiencies of M-dephanox (Modified-Dephanox) process. Rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used instead of floating sponge type media in nitrification reactor. High ammonia removal efficiencies were observed in nitrification reactor, regardless of organic loading from contactor of M-dephanox process. Denitrification efficiencies were also increased to maintain low $NO_3-N$ concentration in effluent. This enhanced phosphate release in anaerobic contactor and resulted in high removal efficiencies of phophorus. Average removal efficiencies of $TCOD_{Cr}$ and $SCOD_{Cr}$ were 93.8% and 81.6%, respectively, while those of TKN and ${NH_4}^+-N$ were 80.9% and 74.4%, respectively. As for phosphorous treatment, the average removal efficiencies of TP and OP were 94.7% and 94.3%, respectively. Also, effect of operating temperature on nitrogen removal was examined. Average removal efficiency of TN was 65.8 % at $15^{\circ}C$ or below (at average temperature of $13.3^{\circ}C$), while that was 82.8% at $15^{\circ}C$ or above (at average temperature of $21.9^{\circ}C$).

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2005

국내 정수장의 약품공정을 향상시켜 저비용 고효율의 정수처리 공정을 확립할 목적으로 약품 분사용 초음파 분사 노즐의 적용가능성을 평가하였다. 초음파 분사노즐은 압전세라믹스를 이용하여 제작하였으며, 이 장치를 사용하여 상수 원수를 처리한 결과와 현재 대부분의 정수장에서 사용되고 있는 기존의 약품 혼화방식에 의한 오염물질의 처리효율을 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과 혼화방식에 따른 혼화지 내 응집제 혼화특성은 초음파 노즐에 의한 혼화방식이 기계식(back-mixing) 혼화방식보다 응집제의 확산속도가 빠른 것으로 조사되었다. 오염물질 별 제거효율 역시 기계식(back-mixing) 혼화방식보다 초음파 노즐에 의한 혼화방식의 제거효율이 높은 것으로 조사되어, 초음파 분사노즐을 이용한 약품 혼화방식을 실제 정수처리 공정에 적용할 경우 응집제의 과량 주입에 의한 처리효율의 저하를 방지할 수 있고, 후속 공정에 대한 부하량을 줄임으로서, 정수공정에 사용되는 약품을 절감시키고, 혼화지가 필요없게 되어 이로 인한 경제적 효과 뿐만 아니라 보다 순도가 높은 음용수를 생산 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.