• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.303-309
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• 2021

This study examined the changes in the cardiopulmonary functions of stroke patients by adjusting the s heart rate during walking training. This study was conducted on 20 chronic stroke patients. The experimental group conducted walking training by varying the walking speed according to the change in heart rate on the treadmill. In contrast, the control group conducted walking training by the subjective speed of the subject. The walking training was conducted for 32 minutes, three times a week, for a total of six weeks. The changes after the intervention of the subjects were determined by measuring the VC, ERV, IRV, FVC, FEV1, and PEF. The study revealed interactions between the groups and timing in the VC, ERV, and IRV(p<.05). There were no interactions between the groups and timing in FEV1, FVC, and PEF. The main effects showed no significant differences between the groups (p>.05) but showed significant differences between periods (p<.05). These results suggest that the cardiopulmonary function was improved significantly when the training was conducted by changing the pace of the heart rate in the walking process, leading to significant changes in the cardiopulmonary function.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. ICR-type white male mice were divided into a control group (CON: n=10) and an exercise training group (EX: n=10) after a 1 week adaptation period. EX performed treadmill running at 16.4 m/min with a 4% incline, 40 min/day and 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Cervical dislocation was performed at 48 hours after the last bout of exercise, after which gastrocnemius skeletal muscles were immediately collected. The results of verifying the intrinsic apoptosis pathway showed that there were no significant differences in Bcl-2, Bax, or the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins between EX and CON. On the other hand, the results of verifying the extrinsic apoptosis pathway showed that caspase-8 proteins were significantly lower in EX than in CON (p<0.05). Apoptosis suppressing protein HSP70 was higher in EX than in CON. In addition, caspase-3, which is the final factor for apoptosis, was not activated. These results indicate that apoptosis did not develop since caspase-3 is non-cleaved by the effects of caspase-8 and HSP70 extrinsic pathways rather than Bcl-2 and Bax intrinsic pathways among signal pathways for apoptosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.486-491
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• 2005

Physical activity can improve sensorimotor recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is highly correlated with neuronal development and axonal regeneration and present in large quantities in the axonal growth cone. Using immunofluorescene staining and anterograde and retorgrade techniques, we identified enhanced axonal regrowth in distal stump of the sciatic nerve 3-14 days after crush injury in rats with treadmill training. We also carried out western blot to investigate GAP-43 protein expression in injured sciatic nerve. GAP-43 protein levels were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerve 3, 7 and 14 days compared with sedentary group. Thus, the present data provide a new evidence that treadmill training promoted axonal re-growth after injury and increased GAP-43 protein levels in the regenerating nerve.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.805-810
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Sea Tangle supplementation and exercise training on blood glucose and lipid profile in rats. Twenty seven, 4-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (C, n=9), sea tangle group (D, n=9) and sea tangle+exercise group (D+T, n=9). Exercise training was performed 5 days a week using a treadmill running program for 6 weeks (5 m/min, 0% grade, 30 min). There was no difference in blood glucose (C: $175.9{\pm}47.5$, D: $173.9{\pm}34.0$, D+T: $165.0{\pm}38.0\;mg/dl$) and triglyceride (C: $251.1{\pm}91.8$, D: $215.0{\pm}90.0$, D+T: $200.0{\pm}89.3\;mg/dl$) among the groups. Total cholesterol value of the D+T group ($81.8{\pm}11.2\;mg/dl$) was significantly lower than that of the C ($103.0{\pm}13.5\;mg/dl$) and D ($102.1{\pm}14.5\;mg/dl$) groups. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly high in the D+T ($40.9{\pm}9.7\;mg/dl$) group compared with the C ($32.6{\pm}3.8\;mg/dl$) group and D ($31.7{\pm}7.3\;mg/dl$) group. The value of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for the D ($98.0{\pm}41.0\;mg/dl$) group was statistically lower than the C($114.5{\pm}41.8\;mg/dl$) group, and higher than the D+T ($91.2{\pm}41.7\;mg/dl$) group. In conclusion, sea tangle injection and exercise had a positive effect on blood lipid profiles.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1415-1421
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an L-arginine supplementation and regular exercise training on NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS, Cav-1, eNOS and Ang II in the aortas of D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging rats. The male Strague-Dawley rats were treated with a D-galactose aging inducing agent; the D-gal injection (50 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally for 12 wk. Experimental groups were divided into five groups: (1) Young control group (Y-Con, n=8), (2) Aging control group (A-Con, n=8), (3) Aging exercise group (A-Ex, n=8), (4) Aging exercise group with L-arginine supplementation group (A-Ex+A, n=8), and (5) Aging with L-arginine supplementation group (A-A, n=8). The exercise consisted of running on a treadmill for 60 min/day at 20 m/min for 6 day/wk, at 0% gradient for 12 wk. The L-arginine supplementation was given orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 12 wk. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS, Cav-1 and Ang II proteins in the aortas of D-gal induced rats were significantly increased, however, L-arginine supplementation and regular exercise resulted in a significant inhibition in the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS, Cav-1 and Ang II proteins. 2. eNOS protein in the aortas of D-gal induced rats was significantly decreased, however, L-arginine supplementation and regular exercise resulted in a significant increase in the expression of eNOS proteins. In conclusion, the findings of the present study reveal that L-arginine supplementation alone or regular exercise alone or in combination with L-arginine supplementation for 12 wk increases anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and iNOS protein expressions within the aortic tissue. In addition, L-arginine supplementation alone or regular exercise alone or in combination with L-arginine supplementation may prevent endothelial function by up-regulation of eNOS protein in the aortas of D-gal induced aging rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.516-523
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and/or L-arginine on abdominal fat, IGF-1 on GH/IGF-1 axis, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 in aged and obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a D-galactose aging inducing agent (50 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated and divided into four groups: aging-high fat diet group (AG+HF), AG+HF with L-arginine intake group (AG+LA), AG+HF with exercise group (AG+EX), and AG+EX with L-arginine intake group (AG+LA+EX). The experimental rats underwent treadmill training (60 min/day, 6 days/week at 0% gradient) for 12 weeks. L-arginine was given orally (150 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. After the experiment, blood was collected from the left ventricle and abdominal fat was extracted. The results showed that GH was significantly increased in AG+EX and AG+AL+EX. IGF-1 was significantly increased in both the AG+AL+EX and AG+EX group ($p$<0.05), while fibrinogen and PAI-1 were not significantly different among the groups. Abdominal fat was significantly decreased in the AG+LA, AG+EX, and AG+LA+EX groups ($p$<0.05) compared with the AG+HF group. In conclusion, this study suggests that exercise alone or L-arginine alone or a combination not only increases the GH and IGF-1 concentration, but also decreases the abdominal fat mass.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.560-570
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• 2000

This study is aimed at developing a cardiac rehabilitation program and enlightening the effects of the program on patient's health behavior compliance, cardiovascular functional capacity, and quality of life. Using a quasi-experimental approach the nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest design was accepted for this study. The subjects of this study consisted of 55 patients with ischemic heart disease at the Cardiac Center of 'G' Hospital located in Inchon from May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999. The patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which participated in the cardiac program with 30 patients and 25 patients of a control group were not involved in the program. There were two phases in the cardiac rehabilitation program: the first phase was a team approach education. It focused on reducing the risk of ischemic heart problems. The second phase was individual training by using a home based exercise program, which was comprised of 8 weeks, three sessions per week, 40-60 minutes per session, and followed by consultation. Every session involved 20-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 40-60% of heart rate reserve, 11∼13 RPE and 10 minutes of warm-up and 10 minutes of cool-down exercises. The experimental tools for the study were the health behavior compliance scale developed by Lee, Yoon-hee (1992), and quality of life scale developed by McGirr et al.(1990). RPPsubmax were measured by the treadmill. The collected data was processed by SPSS and analyzed by χ²test and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The health behavior compliance in experimental group was significantly increased (t=5.091, p=.000) when compared to the control group. 2. RPPsubmax also decreased significantly in the experimental group when compared to the control group(t=-2.109, p=.040). 3. The quality of life significantly improved in the experimental group (t=3.853, p=.000) as compared to the control group. As the above results of this study revealed, the effectiveness of the cardiac rehabilitation program of the study was confirmed. It increased the health behavior compliance for reducing the risk of further coronary events, enhanced the cardiovascular functional capacity, and eventually improved the patient's quality of life.