• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.647-654
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• 2006

In orthotropic steel decks, it is likely to have defects due to fatigue damages because most of structural joints(the connection of longitudinal rib and transverse rib, the connection of deck plate and longitudinal rib) are connected by welds. However. orthotropic steel decks have many advantages. such as light weight and reduction of construction time. in comparison with concrete decks. Therefore. they are mostly used in long-span bridges and urban highway bridges. This study consists of the cause identication of fatigue damage and the suggestion of rational thickness on deck plate about the connection of deck plate and longitudinal rib. The results are as follows: fatigue damage cause at the connection of deck plate and longitudinal rib is local deformation in deck plate. And, rational thickness of deck plate is 16mm thickness.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 1992

This report describes a month-old female infant with a rare supracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection which have intrapulmonary drainage and small left atrium. The left pulmonary vein drained into right hilum via transverse common pulmonary vein, and then both pulmonary veins drained into superior vena cava via ascending connecting vein. This anomaly was sucessfully repaired by double patch technique.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.493-506
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• 2020

The load-slip relationship of the shear connection is an important parameter in design and analysis of composite structures. In this paper, a load-slip curve prediction method of the shear connection based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed. The factors which are significantly related to the structural and deformation performance of the connection are selected, and the shear stiffness of shear connections and the transverse coordinate slip value of the load-slip curve are taken as the input parameters of the network. Load values corresponding to the slip values are used as the output parameter. A twolayer hidden layer network with 15 nodes and 10 nodes is designed. The test data of two different forms of shear connections, the stud shear connection and the perforated shear connection with flange heads, are collected from the previous literatures, and the data of six specimens are selected as the two prediction data sets, while the data of other specimens are used to train the neural networks. Two trained networks are used to predict the load-slip curves of their corresponding prediction data sets, and the ratio method is used to study the proximity between the prediction loads and the test loads. Results show that the load-slip curves predicted by the networks agree well with the test curves.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.492-501
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• 2010

Equations of motion of thin-walled composite H-type cross-section beams incorporating a number of nonclassical effects of transverse shear and primary and secondary warping, and anisotropy of constituent materials are derived. The vibrational characteristics of a composite thin-walled beam exhibiting the circumferentially asymmetric stiffness system(CAS) and the circumferentially uniform stiffness system(CUS) are exploited in connection with the bending-transverse shear coupling and the bending-twist coupling resulting from directional properties of fiber reinforced composite materials.

• Architectural research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2005

No specific guidelines are available for computing the bearing strength of connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall in a hybrid wall system. There were carried out analytical and experimental studies on connection between steel coupling beam and concrete shear wall in a hybrid wall system. The bearing stress at failure in the concrete below the embedded steel coupling beam section is related to the concrete compressive strength and the ratio of the width of the embedded steel coupling beam section to the thickness of the shear walls. Experiments were carried out to determine the factors influencing the bearing strength of the connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall. The test variables included the reinforcement details that confer a ductile behavior in connection between steel coupling beam and shear wall, i.e., the auxiliary stud bolts attached to the steel beam flanges and the transverse ties at the top and the bottom steel beam flanges. In addition, additional test were conducted to verify the strength equations of the connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall. The proposed equations in this study were in good agreement with both our test results and other test data from the literature.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 1983

Coupled transverse shaft vibrations have become the target of great concern in high powered ships such as container ships. Due to increasing ship's dimensions and high propulsive power, resonance frequencies of the propeller shaft system tend to decrease and can appear in some cases within the operating speed range of engine. In this connection, the coupled free transverse vibrations of shaft system in two planes are theoretically investigated. This shaft system carries a number of discs and is flexibly supported by a number of bearing stiffness are considered for the calculation. Transfer matrix method is applied to calculate the shaft responses in both planes. A digital computer program is developed to calculate the shaft responses of the coupled transverse vibrations in two planes. An experimental model shaft system is made. It is composed of a disc, shafts, ball bearings thrust bearings and flexible bearing supports. The shaft system is excited by an electrical magnet, and shaft vibration responses in two planes are measured with the strain gage system. From these measurements, the natural frequencies of the shaft system in both planes are found out. The developed program is also used to calculate the shaft vibration responses of experimental model shaft system. From the results of these calculations, the natural frequencies of shaft system in two planes are derived. Theoretical predictions of model shaft natural frequencies show good agreements with its esperimental measurements.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.743-752
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• 2019

Steel and concrete composite structures are commonly applied in multi-story buildings as they maximise the material strength through composite action. Despite the popularity of employing a trapezoidal deck slab, limited experimental data are available under elevated temperatures. The behaviour of the headed shear stud embedded in a transverse trapezoidal deck and solid slab was investigated at both ambient and fire conditions. Twelve push-out tests were conducted according to the ISO 834 standard fire utilising a customised electric furnace. A stud shearing failure was observed in the solid slab specimen, whereas the failure mode was changed from a concrete-dominated failure to the stud shearing in the transverse deck specimen with an increase in temperature. Comparisons between the experimental observations and design requirements are presented. The Eurocode design guidance on the transverse deck slab gives a highly conservative estimate for shear resistance. A new design formula was proposed to determine the capacity of the shear connection regardless of the slab type when the stud shearing occurs at high temperatures.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.333-339
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• 2003

Recently, the bridges become greater according to development of a construction technology. This phenomenon requires long span bridge, so that increases the dead weight. The orthotropic steel deck bridges have much advantages such as the light dead weight and the reduction of construction period. And almost whole process of carried out is manufactured at factory, so it can cause the increase of quality authoritativeness. But orthotropic steel deck bridge is consist of structure by welding, it can not avoid a lot of welding jobs, defects and transformation by welding are becoming problem accordingly. Specially, topical stress concentration phenomenon in cross connection area of longitudinal and transverse rib causes fatigue failure. The Bulkhead Plate for prevention of this stress concentration phenomenon was applied by changing the orthotropic steel deck of Williamsburg bridge in USA. But, it is principle that a Bulkhead Plate is not established in the domestic design standard. Therefore, it is estimated that the study for installation of Bulkhead Plate is needed. This treatise with considering these circumstances proves efficiency of Bulkhead Plate and will be presented optimal design details through finite element analysis according to change the geometrical of Bulkhead Plate and tile cross-connection area of longitudinal and transverse rib.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.482-487
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• 2022

In lower abdominal flap representing transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) exists as superficial and independent venous system from deep system. The superficial venous drainage is dominant despite a dominant deep arterial supply in anterior abdominal wall. As TRAM or DIEP flaps began to be widely used for breast reconstruction, venous congestion issue has been arisen. Many clinical series in regard to venous congestion despite patent microvascular anastomosis site were reported. Venous congestion could be divided in two conditions by the area of venous congestion and each condition is from different anatomical causes. First, if venous congestion was shown in whole flap, it is due to the connection between SIEV and vena comitantes of DIEP. Second, if venous congestion is limited in above midline (Hartrampf zone II), it is due to problem in venous midline crossover. In this article, the authors reviewed the role of SIEV in lower abdominal flap based on the various anatomic and clinical studies. The contents are mainly categorized into four main issues; basic anatomy of SIEV, the two cause of venous congestion, connection between SIEV and vena comitantes of DIEP, and midline crossover of SIEV.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2012

A connection composed of a circular hollow structural section (HSS) has complicated details, and exhibits a very complex local deformation when it reaches the yield stress. Given these circumstances, proposing a simple design equation considering local deformation is difficult. The design equations of the Korea Building Code (KBC 2009) for HSS joints are simple and are very similar to those of the AISC. These design equations limit the maximum yield stress up to 360MPa and yield ratio (yield strength/tensile strength) up to 0.8. This means that the material with yield strength exceeding 360MPa could be used after verification based on the test or rational analysis for the similar connection. This paper introduces an experimental program and finite element analysis (FEA) for the circular hollow section (CHS) with a transverse gusset plate made of high-strength steel (HSB600) or structural steel (SS400) when the joints are subjected to lateral force. Comparison of the design equations with the results of FEA and test may be used for the modification of the design equations.