• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.706-713
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• 2012

Global warming caused by greenhouse gases is threatening our ecosystem. Moreover, our food system is in severe danger. Recently the local food system is emerging as an alternative food network, decreasing food miles and carbon dioxide emissions, protecting the safety of our foods, and helping local economy. However, carbon labelling for agricultural products has not been introduced yet in Korea. Accordingly, research on food miles and carbon labelling for agricultural products should be urgently conducted. The study compared the food miles and the carbon dioxide emission of major agricultural products. In addition, the food mileages of garlic and carrot are compared between Korea and China. The results show that radish has the highest carbon dioxide emission, and followed by onion and cabbage. These products are produced from Jeju island and have a high Shipment volume. Although Chinese Garlic and radish have lower shipping volume and food miles than Koreans, they have higher carbon dioxide emissions due to ship transportation. Based on these results some valuable implications can be identified. Current food distribution system, which heavily focuses on the Metropolitan area, should be changed into a local system, in which foods are consumed in the local area first then transported to other area.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2009

Emission regulations on greenhouse gas(GHG) in automobiles have been stringent because of global warming effect. Over 90% of total GHG emission are carbon dioxides and about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission are emitted from automobiles. In this study, 110 vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer and $CO_2$ emissions and fuel economy were measured in order to investigate the characteristics of $CO_2$ emission factor from passenger vehicles which are the most dominant vehicle type in Korea. The characteristics of emissions in accordance with displacements, gross vehicle weight, NIER and CVS-75 speed mode were discussed. It was found that vehicles having larger displacement, heavier gross vehicle weight, automatic transmission and specially at cold start emitted more $CO_2$ emissions. From these results, correlation between $CO_2$ emission and fuel economy was also obtained. This study may contribute to evaluate domestic greenhouse gas emissions and establish national policies on climate changes in future.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1994

Carbon dioxide emission has been increased by 7% in an annual average toward 212.5 million tons in 1990 from 108.7 million tons in 1980. Among emissions in 1990, industry, residential / commercial, transportation, other and non-energy have occupied 91.12, 68.04, 42.13, 7.13 and 4.09 million tons respectively. The Korea-scenarios corresponding to those of IPCC that is Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (A : modest control of $CO_2$; B : stringent control of $CO_2$, C: shifting fuel to renewable and nuclear energy in the second half of the next century ; and D: shifting fuel to renewable and nuclear energy in the first half of the next century show that the global-scale contributions of atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration are 0.77, 0.64 and 0.78% in 2050 for cases A,B, and C respectively. In all cases, the contributions were smaller than 0.09 % in 1985.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

Taiwan has a typical marine climate featuring perennial high-temperature and dampness. This climate, together with the emission of various industrial corrosive waste gases in recent years, contributes a lot to the corrosion of metal materials. In this study, samples of carbon steel exposed to various atmospheres in Taiwan were analyzed to investigate the impacts of atmospheric factors on carbon steel corrosion. Carbon steel samples were collected from 87 experimental stations between 2009 and 2012. Statistical analysis was employed to investigate the correlations between the carbon steel corrosion situations and the atmospheric factors such as concentrations of sulfur dioxide or chloride, exposure time, rainfall, etc. The results indicate that for samples from industrial areas, the sulfur dioxide concentration and exposure time during fall and winter are significantly correlated to the condition of the carbon steel corrosion. However, for samples from coastal zones, the significant correlated factors are chloride concentration and wetting time during winter. The results of this study are useful for the development of carbon steel corrosion prediction models.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction on mobile source was also increased. Carbon dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission. Therefore automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. In this study, in order to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics from gasoline passenger cars(PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 106 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. $CO_2$ emissions and fuel efficiency were measured. The emission characteristics by displacement, gross vehicle weight, vehicle speed and CVS-75/vehicle speed mode were discussed. Test modes were vehicle speed modes and CVS-75 mode that have been used to develop emission factors and to regulate for light-duty vehicle in Korea. It was found that $CO_2$ emissions showed higher large displacement, heavy gross vehicle weight, low vehicle speed and CVS-75 mode than small displacement, light gross vehicle weight, high vehicle speed and vehicle speed mode, respectively. From these results, correlation between $CO_2$ emission and fuel efficiency was also determined. The results of this study will contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and making the national policy for climate change.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.322-345
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• 2018

Climate change has become a major challenge for sustainable development of human society. This study is an attempt to analyze existing literature to identify economic indicators that hamper the process of global warming. This paper includes case studies based on various countries to examine the nexus for environment and its relationship with Foreign Direct Investment, transportation, economic growth and energy consumption. Furthermore, the observations are analyzed from the perspective of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and probable impact on carbon emission of Pakistan. A major portion of CPEC investment is allocated for transportation. However, it is evident that transportation sector is substantial emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Unfortunately, there is no empirical work on the subject of CPEC and carbon emission for vehicular transportation. This paper infers that empirical results from various other countries are ambiguous and inconclusive. Moreover, the evidence for the pollution haven hypothesis and the halo effect hypothesis is limited in general and inapplicable for CPEC in particular. The major contribution of this study is the proposal of an energy efficient transportation model for reducing CO2 emission. In the end, the paper suggests strategies to climate researchers and policymakers for adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2006

Automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure on mobile source greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were also increased. Carbon Dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission. In this study, in order to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics from gasoline and LPG passenger cars (PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 53 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. $CO_2$ emissions and fuel consumption efficiency were measured. The emission characteristics by fuel type, model year, mileage, vehicle speed and transmission type were also discussed. Test modes used in this study were NIER 10 modes and CVS-75 mode, which have been used for developing emission factors and testing new vehicles respectively. The results of this study showed that the main factors which have significant influences on the $CO_2$ emissions are fuel type, transmission type, displacement of vehicle and mileage. The correlation between $CO_2$ emission and FE was also determined by comparing $CO_2$ emission and fuel consumption efficiency. The overall results of this study will greatly contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and designing national strategies for climate change.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2016

이산화탄소 포집 및 저장 / 격리 (CCS) 기술은 많은 이산화탄소 저감 방법 중 이상적인 방법으로 주목 받고 있다. 이산화탄소를 포집해서 파이프라인을 통해 저장소까지 수송할 때, 저장소가 가까운 경우 직접 수송할 수도 있지만, 중간 저장의 역할을 하는 허브를 거쳐 수송할 수도 있다. 허브의 수와 위치를 결정하는 것은 중요한 문제이다. 다목적 의사 결정을 위한 수학 모델은 많은 제약식과 목적식을 수반하는데, 문제의 계산 복잡도가 증가하지만 항상 최적을 보장하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는, 이산화탄소 수송망에서 중간 저장 허브의 위치와 수를 결정하는 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이를 활용하여 이산화탄소 발생지의 연결 네트워크 시뮬레이터를 개발한다. 시뮬레이터에서는 또한 이산화탄소의 수송 경로를 제공한다. 사례 연구로 한국에 모델을 적용한다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2012

화석연료 사용의 급격한 상승은 연료의 고갈과 막대한 온실가스배출을 초래했다. 특히, 건설 분야는 전체 이산화탄소 배출량의 약 1/4 이상을 차지하는 환경문제의 원천이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 건설 현장의 탄소배출량 감소를 위한 GIS기법의 적용 강화를 목표로 사토장 선정에 네트워크분석기법을 적용하였다. 그 결과 후보지별로 최단거리 및 최소시간에 따라 예상되는 탄소배출량 및 운반단가를 구할 수 있었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 사토장을 선정할 경우 소나무 한그루를 심는 것과 비슷한 효과의 탄소배출량을 감소할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 건설 분야 전반에서 발생하는 탄소배출에 영향을 주는 복합적인 요소들을 고려하여 적용한다면 탄소배출량을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2023

본 연구는 차분연료배분모형을 이용하여 수송부문에서의 연료 간 대체성을 추정하고, 연료 간 대체에 따른 이산화탄소 배출효과를 살펴본다. 분석결과를 정리하면, 첫째, 수송부문은 경유에 대한 의존도가 매우 높아 디비지아 탄력성이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 연료별 자기가격탄력성은 모두 음(-)의 값을 보였으며, 경유의 자체가격탄력성이 휘발유와 LPG에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 휘발유와 경유, 휘발유와 전기, 경유와 LPG는 대체관계를 보였으며, 경유와 전기는 보완관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 연료별 대체성과 배출계수를 이용한 결과, 바이오디젤을 경유에 혼합하는 경우 이산화탄소 감축 효과가 있으나, 주로 연료별 가격 변화에 따른 연료 간 대체가 이산화탄소 배출을 결정짓는 것으로 나타났다.