• 천문학회보
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.34.1-34.1
• /
• 2011

Combining a detailed non-grey radiative transfer computation with the three dimensional hydrodynamics, we investigate a reliable numerical scheme for turbulent convection in the solar surface. The solar photosphere is the extremely turbulent region composed of partly ionized compressible gases in high temperature. Especially, the super adiabatic layer (SAL) near the solar photosphere is the shallow transition region where the energy transport varies steeply from convection to radiation. In order to describe physical processes accurately, a detailed treatment of radiative transfer should be considered as well as the high resolution computation of fluid dynamics. For a direct computation of radiation fields, the Accelerated Lambda Iteration (ALI) methods have been applied to hydrodynamical medium, incorporating the Opacity Distribution Function (ODF) as a realistic schemes for non-grey problems. Computational domain is the rectangular box of dimensions $42{\times}3Mn$ with the resolution of $1202{\times}190$ meshed grids, which covers several granules horizontally and 8 ~ 9 pressure scale heights vertically. During several convective turn-over times, the 3-D snapshots have been compiled with a second order accuracy. In addition, our radiation-hydrodynamical computation has been compared with the classical approximations such as grey atmospheres and Eddington approximation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.911-925
• /
• 1996

미래의 멀티미디어 응용 환경은 각 매체와 응용의 요구 사항들을 효율적으로 충족시킬 수 있는 유연한 오류 제어 모델을 필요로 하고 있으나, 지금까지의 오류 제어는 단일 매체를 처리하기 위한 제한된 유연성만이 제공되어왔다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 매체의 신뢰도 기준인 오류 허용률(ETL: Error Tolerance Level)과 응용의 실시간성 기준인 지연(Delay)을 고려하여 수송 계층에서 매체별로 유연하게 오류 제어 방법을 적용하는 모델을 제안한다. 이 모델에서는 매체별로 오류 제어 방법을 선정하기 위하여 오류 혀용률과 등시성과 같은 매체의 속성, 응용의 속성인 지연, 그리고 망에서의 데이터 손실율, 망의 전송 형태, 응용의 연결 모드와 같은 환경 파라미터가 영향 인자로써 고려되었다.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
• /
• pp.315-316
• /
• 2006

The paper presents some results regarding the obtaining of some copper heat pipes with a porous copper internal layer for electronic components cooling. The heat pipes were realized by sintering of spherical copper powders of $90{\div}125\;{\mu}m$ size directly on the internal side of a copper pipe of 18 mm in diameter. The obtained pipes were then brazed in order to obtain a heat pipe of 0.5 m in length. After that, the heat pipe was sealed and filled with a small quantity of distilled water as working fluid. To establish the total heat transport coefficient and the thermal flow transferred at the evaporator, some external devices were realized to allow the heating of the evaporator and the cooling of the condenser. Water heat pipes are explored in the intermediate temperature range of 303 up to 500 K. Test data are reported for copper water heat pipe, which was tested under different orientations. The obtained results show that the water heat pipe has a good thermal transfer performance in the temperatures range between 345 and 463 K.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.449-455
• /
• 2010

The hybrid structured photo-electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells was fabricated based on the composites of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles and nanowires. Three samples with different hybrid structures were prepared with 17 vol%, 43 vol%, and 100 vol% nanowires. The energy conversion efficiency was enhanced from 5.54% for pure nanoparticle cells to 6.01% for the hybrid structure with 17 vol% nanowires. For the hybrid structured layers with high nanowires concentration (43 vol% and 100 vol%), the efficiency decreased with the nanowire concentration, because of the decrease of specific surface area, and of thus decreased current density. The random orientations of $TiO_2$ nanowires can be preserved by the doctor blade process, resulted in the enhanced efficiency. The hybrid structured $TiO_2$ layer can possess the advantages of the high surface area of nanoparticles and the rapid electron transport rate and the light scattering effect of nanowires.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방송공학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술대회
• /
• pp.209-212
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 PC 환경에서 지상파 디지털 멀티미디어 방송(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, DMB)을 수신할 수 있는 PC 기반 지상파 DMB 수신기용 백엔드 시스템 개발에 대해 서술한다. 지상파 DMB는 기존의 지상파 아날로그 또는 디지털 TV에 비해 탁월한 이동 수신 성능을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 국내 지상파 DMB 표준안에 부합하는 수신기의 백엔드 (back-end)를 PC 환경에서 소프트웨어로 구현하였다. 지상파 DMB는 유럽의 디지털 오디오 방송(Digital Audio Broadcasting, DAB) 표준인 EUREKA-147을 기반으로 MPEG-4 표준에 의한 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공한다. 지상파 DMB의 멀티미디어 서비스는 MPEG-4 AVC(Advance Video Coding) 압축 비디오와 BSAC(Bit Slice Arithmetic Coding) 압축 오디오를 MPEG-4 시스템의 SL(Sync Layer) 표준으로 패킷화 후 MPEG-2 TS(Transport Stream)에 실어 DAB의 스티림 모드를 통해 전송하는 방식을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는, 지상파 DMB 수신을 위한 프론트엔드(front-end)는 외장형 기기를 이용하고, 이로부터 USB 인터페이스를 통해 기저대역 다중화 스트림을 PC 상으로 업로드한 뒤, 소프트웨어에 의해 역다중화하고 압축을 푼 후, 오디오와 비디오를 재생하는 지상파 DMB 백엔드 시스템을 구현하고 이를 검증하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
• /
• 제30권7_8호
• /
• pp.331-340
• /
• 2003

가격대비 성능이 좋은 저가의 상업용 SMP가 클러스터 시스템의 노드로 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 SMP 클러스터 상에서 KDSM을 확장해 소프트웨어 분산공유메모리를 구현하고 성능을 평가하였다. 본 논문의 SDSM 시스템은 HLRC 메모리 모델을 제공한다. 또한 같은 SMP 노드내에서 실행되는 프로세스 간에는 메모리 공유를 통해 페이지 획득 및 메시지 전달을 줄여 성능을 향상시켰다. 100Mbps Fast Ethernet으로 연결된 8노드의 2-way 펜티엄-III SMP 클러스터 상에서 구현되었고 통신계층은 TCP/IP를 사용한다. 8개의 응용프로그램을 실행시켜 얻은 성능 평가에서는 기존의 단일프로세스 프로토콜과 비교해 최대 33%의 성능 향상과 13%-52%의 페이지 획득 감소가 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.436-437
• /
• 2007

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated with the electron dominant complex, 4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (Bphen) into the traditional electron transporting material of tris (S-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum $(Alq_3)$, neat $Alq_3$ and Bphen as electron-transporting layers (ETLs), respectively. Use of the Bphen material results in efficient electron injection and transport, allowing for high luminous efficiency devices. The devices with neat $Alq_3$(Device1), 1:1 mixed $Alq_3$ : Bphen(Device2), and Bphen(Device3) have efficiency of 15.3cd/A, 16.9cd/A, 20.9cd/A, respectively, at $20\;mA/cm^2$. The efficiency characteristic of device with Bphen is best, but the device that is satisfied high efficiency and stability at once is observed in Device2.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
• /
• pp.181-184
• /
• 2004

Organic semiconductors have attracted considerable attention due to their interesting physical properties followed by various technological applications in the area of electronics and opto-electronics. It has been a long time since organic solar cells were expected as a low-cost high-energy conversion device. Although practical use of them has not been achieved, technological progress continues. Morphology of the materials, organic/inorganic interface, metal cathodes, molecular packing and structural properties of the donor and acceptor layers are essential for photovoltaic response. We have fabricated solar-cell devices based on copper-phthalocyanine(CuPc) as a donor(D) and fullerene($C_{60}$) as an electron acceptor(A) with doped charge transport layers, and BCP as an exciton blocking layer(EBL). We have measured photovoltaic characteristics of the solar-cell devices using the xenon lamp as a light source.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
• /
• pp.60-62
• /
• 2004

CdTe nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous solution by colloidal method. The absorption and photoluminescence(PL) spectrum of the synthesized CdTe nanoparticles revealed the strong exitonic peak in the visible region. Electroluminescence of CdTe nanoparticles were observed in the structure of Al/CdTe/PVK/ITO and Al/CdTe/PEDOT/ITO that were fabricated by spin coating of polyvinylcarvazole(PVK), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(PEDOT) and CdTe nanoparticles. The turn-on voltages of Al/CdTe/PVK/ITO and Al/CdTe/PEDOT/ITO for electroluminescence were 5V and 6V, respectively. We identified that the reduction of turn-on voltage resulted from the increase of hole injection into the hole transport layer due to lower ionization energy of PEDOT.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.313-317
• /
• 2018

Licenses for the storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and vitrified highly active waste in casks under dry conditions are limited to 40 years and have to be renewed for prolonged storage periods. If such a license renewal has to be expected since as in accordance with the new site selection procedure a final repository for spent fuel in Germany will not be available before the year 2050. For transport and possible unloading and loading in new casks for final storage, the integrity and the maintenance of the geometry of the cask's inventory is essential because the SNF rod cladding and the cladding of the vitrified highly active waste are stipulated as a barrier in the storage concept. For SNF, the cladding integrity is ensured currently by limiting the hoop stress and hoop strain as well as the maximum temperature to certain values for a 40-year storage period. For a prolonged storage period, other cladding degradation mechanisms such as inner and outer oxide layer formation, hydrogen pick up, irradiation damages in cladding material crystal structure, helium production from alpha decay, and long-term fission gas release may become leading effects driving degradation mechanisms that have to be discussed.