• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

Batch tests were carried out to examine the influence of the presence of soil and Fe(II) sorption capacity of soil on the ferrous catalyzed sodium persulfate oxidation for the destruction of organic pollutants in the application of in-situ chemical oxidation. Laboratory column tests were also conducted to investigate the transport of oxidant and catalyst in contaminated groundwater. Test results proved that Fe(II) was adsorbed on soil surface, and thus soil behaved as a heterogeneous catalyst, enhancing the naphthalene removal rate up to 50%. Column tests that were conducted with and without dissolved Fe(II) showed that naphthalene removal ratio were 24% and 25%, respectively. The removal efficiency was not enhanced with dissolved Fe(II), since the dissolved Fe(II) flew out of the column as the oxidant progressively injected into the column saturated with Fe(II). It indicates that the injected oxidant could not interact with dissolved Fe(II). But target organic pollutant was degraded in soil column system, implying that sulfate radical was produced by the reaction of dissolved persulfate with Fe(II) adsorbed on soil.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2000

본 연구는 경기도 광주군에 위치한 경희대학교 연습림내의 낙엽송, 잣나무 및 신갈나무의 천연활엽수로 구성된 3개의 임분의 선정된 구간에서 경사도별로 토층 분화와 강우에 따른 수분분포 특성을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 조사대상 임분의 O층과 A층의 깊이는 활엽수나 낙엽송 염분에 비하여 임분 밀도가 높은 잣나무 임분에서 더 깊어지는 결과를 보여 토층 분화는 경사도, 토양침식과 물질퇴적과 함께 임분을 구성하는 식생과 임분 밀도 등이 주요인으로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 각각의 임분에서 선정된 지점별로 용적밀도를 조사한 결과 경사도가 높은 지점에서는 용적밀도가 낮은 반면 토층이 잘 발달된 경사도가 낮은 지점에서는 용적밀도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 산림토양의 깊이별 용적밀도 변화는 토양표면에서의 침식, 유기물 함량, 토양입자의 수직적 이동과 상관성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 이러한 용적밀도와 유기물의 토양내 분포 특성은 수리전도도에도 영향을 미쳐 용적밀도와 수리전도도는 반비례하는 경향을 보였으나, 유기물 함량에 따른 표층토만의 수리전도도의 변이는 높지 않았다. 낙엽송 임분에서 각각의 경사도와 토층 분화 깊이가 다른 세 지점에서 강우의 침투 특성을 볼 때 토양의 용적밀도와 경사도가 임분에 가해지는 강우의 수직적 이동뿐만 아니라 수평이동에도 영향을 마치는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 lysimeter 실험 결과로부터 추정할 때 토양내 수분이 용적밀도가 다른 토양층간을 이동할 때 수분은 작은 범위의 수리전도도가 수분 이동을 결정하며, 특히 불포화 형태로 수분이 이동할 때는 유기물에 의한 수분 보유력도 토양내 수분이동에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 결론적으로 산림토양에서의 수분 분포와 이동 특성은 사면경사도와 같은 지형적인 요인과 토양의 물리적 성질인 용적밀도와 유기물 함량 등에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.741-749
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 TDR의 반향파의 특성과 총토양전기전도도의 관계를 이용한 비포화 토양에서의 용존오염원 농도를 측정하는 방법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 두 가지 중요한 관계를 결합한 것으로 첫 번째는 함수량이 일정할 경우 전기전도도와 토양수 농도는 선형관계를 유지한다는 것이며, 두 번째는 천이상태의 용존여염원의 농도를 측정할 수 있게 하기 위해 함수량과 전기전도도의 관계를 설정하는 것이다. 함수량과 전기전도도의 관계를 추정하는 식들이 여러 연구자들에 의하여 제안되었으나, 본 연구에서는 측정의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 한계함수량의 개념을 도입한 새로운 추정식을 제안하였다. 한계함수량 개념을 이용하여 실험자료를 선형, 비선형 구간으로 나누어 분석하였는데, 실험자료의 반영정도를 증가시킬 수 있어 본 연구에서 제안된 식을 이용하여 추정된 전기전도도와 함수량관계는 다른 제안식에 비하여 개선된 결과를 보여 주었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 전기전도도와 함수량관계 추정식을 이용한 천이상태의 오염원 농도 측정법은 함수량이 급하게 변하는 토양에도 적용할 수 있는 매우 유용한 방법으로 판단된다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2006년도 학술논문요약집
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• pp.158-159
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• 2006

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1999

In order to remediate hazardous waste site, a process of electrokinetically purging chemicals from saturated soil is examined by laboratory experiments. Electrokinetic soil remediation is one of the most promising soil decontamination processes that habe igh removal efficiency and time-effectiveness in low-permeability soils such as clay. Being combined with several mechanisms-electromigration, elec troosmosis, diffusion and electrolysis of water, electrokinetic soil processing can remove non-polar organics as well as ionic contaminants. The objectives of this study are; 1) the exploration of the feasibility of electrokinetic soil processing on the removal of heavy metals, 2) the investigation of applicability to the tailing-soils in aban doned mining area, 3) the examination of effects of soil pH and conductivity on the transport phenomena of elements in soils, and 4) the investigation of the applicability of the ionexchange membrance to the efficient collection of heavy metals removed from contaminated soils. With the result of this study, it is suggested that the removal efficiency is significantly influenced by applied voltage & current, type of purging solutions, soil pH, permeability and zeta potentials of soil. Although further study should be needed, it is possible to collect removed heavy metals with ion-exchange membrance in cathode compartment.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 2000 KSAM International Symposium and Spring Meeting
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• pp.100-107
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• 2000

In a recently developed strategy for in-situ treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), bioaugmentation was used in conjunction with a surfactant, sorbitan trioleate, as a carbon source for the degrader bacteria, along with the monoterpene, carvone, and salicylic acid as inducing substrates. Two bacteria were used for soil inoculants, including Arthrobacter sp. st. B1B and Ralstonia eutrophus H850. This methodology achieved 60% degradation of PCBs in Aroclor 1242 after 18 weeks in soils receiving 34 repeated applications of the degrader bacteria. However, an obvious limitation was the requirement for soil mixing after every soil inoculation. In the research reported here, bioaugmentation and biostimulation treatment strategies were modified by using the earthworm, Pheretima hawayana, as a vector for dispersal and mixing of surface-applied PCB-degrading bacteria and soil chemical amendments. Changes in microbial biomass and microbial community structure due to earthworm effects were examined using DNA extraction and PCR-DGGE of 16S rDNA. Results showed that earthworms effectively promoted biodegradation of PCBs in bioaugmented soils to the same extent previously achieved using physical soil mixing, and had a lesser, but significant effect in promoting PCB biodegradation in biostimulated soils treated with carvone and salicylic acid. The effects of earthworms were speculated to involve many interacting factors including increased bacterial transport to lower soil depths, improved soil aeration, and enhanced microbial activity and diversity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.307-311
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• 2004

The unsaturated zone is a significant pathway of the surface contaminant movement and is a highly heterogeneous medium. Therefore, there are limitations in applying conventional convection-dispersion equation(CDE). Artificial neural network(ANN) is considered to be a versatile tool for approximating complex functions. For evaluating the applicability of ANN, numerical tests using ANN were conducted with training set generated by HYDRUS-2D which is based on CDE. The results represent that ANN can estimate the solute transport and the choice of network parameters and generation of training set patterns are important for efficient estimation.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1993

A series of laboratory tests was performed with soil-columns which were compacted with sands and different amount of silt collected from the mid-stream of Gumgang, Korea. A known degree of concentration of PCP(Pentachlorophenol) was poured into the soil-columns and concentration of PCP was monitored and analyzed with time and depth. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. PCP was transported into soil along with the movement of moisture under gravitational force. The amount of PCP transported through soil or absorbed by soil varied with soil types. 2. The great amount of PCP was remained at 4~8cm section for the specimen No.2 and at 0~4cm section for the specimen Nos. 3 and 4. Based upon this result it is said that the amount of silt between 30 and 40% may be a threshold value for PCP transported through soil. 3. The amount of PCP remained in the specimen Nos. 2, 3 and 4 is greater than that in the specimen No.1 due to high specific surface of silt and high attraction force between PCP and silt particles in the specimen Nos. 2, 3 and 4. 4. It is said that groundwater under highly permeable soil layer such as specimen No.1 is easily polluted by PCP. That is because the PCP is basically migrated with water under the gravitational force.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.302-306
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• 2000

In case of applying electrokinetic remediation, magnitude of electric current is one of major factors for estimation of contaminant transport. In practice, electric current provide determination of electric conductivity based on specimen resistance. Electric current variation is produced during Electrokinetic remediation test. Electric current is decreased by expotential function according to time in condition of constant voltage. This can be interpreted as precipitation effect by OH$^{-10}$ generation in a cathode.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.203-221
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• 2016

The present study deals with the numerical modelling for the one dimensional contaminant transport through saturated homogeneous and stratified porous media using meshfree method. A numerical algorithm based on element free Galerkin method is developed. A one dimensional form of the advectivediffusive transport equation for homogeneous and stratified soil is considered for the analysis using irregular nodes. A Fortran program is developed to obtain numerical solution and the results are validated with the available results in the literature. A detailed parametric study is conducted to examine the effect of certain key parameters. Effect of change of dispersion, velocity, porosity, distribution coefficient and thickness of layer is studied on the concentration of the contaminant.