• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.12-28
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• 2017

The core of the transportation service, so-called Mobility 4.0 is the flexibility of the entire mobility and its implementation. By doing so, the most essential element is to build a platform to link a supply and a demand simultaneously. In other word, a comprehensive analytical framework is to be set with a data repository which can be periodically updated. With such circumstances, the entire trip chain including pedestrian movements is required to be thoroughly investigated and constructed at the viewpoint of the intermodal transit station. A few studies, however, have been attempted. In this study, the comprehensive analytical framework with the integrated mobility at intermodal transit station was proposed, which consisted of the three modules; 1) Data Repository Extracting from Smart Card DB, 2) Framework of Analyzing Integrated Mobility, and 3) Interpretation of the Integrated Mobility with GIS information and the other factors. A case study with the seven railway stations (Sadang, Sindorom, Samseong, Gwanghwanoon, Gangnam, Jamsil, Seoul Nat'l Univ. of Education) was conducted. The stations of the case study were clustered by the three groups with the statistical ground, and it is most likely to understand the effect of a variety of factors and a comprehensive data-driven analyses with the entire trip stages.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The existing survey of the actual use relevant transportation, implemented in order to reflect transportation policy, has been performed for users by researcher directly, or thereby analysing the data of particular date-oriented of transportation card business's content so that such method have many problems. To solve such problem, we developed a new system, Interoperable Traffic Information Collection System which include several functions of effective collecting of transportation use-data created from the Nation-wide Interoperable Transportation System, accurate counting and easy inquiry. This system consists of Link-server to collect and count for transportation use-data, DB-server to store for this data and Inquiry terminal to search for the information needed. To verify for developed this system, we run test-bed by connection between this system and the Nation-wide Interoperable Transportation System developed by the KOREA Financial Telecommunications & Clearings, the KORAIL NETWORKS and the HiPlusCard. And through result of test-bed, we proved that Interoperable Traffic Information Collection System practically works well. Thus we can look for systematic reflect of reliable information.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

This study analyzed passenger access and egress travel patterns related to a Korean regional railway station (Seoul station), then developed a binomial logit model. This model referred to bus and metro mode of access and egress during a national holiday (Chuseok 2009); obtained from transit smart card data. The results showed that 99% of passengers getting access to, or egress from, the regional railway station did so using less than two transfers, and that most passengers were more likely to choose a metro. However, the passengers that made access or egress trips near Seoul Station were more likely to take a bus. From the results of the mode choice model, it was found that the impact of travel time was greater than that of travel cost, in the choices made for both access and egress. Interestingly, the impact of travel time is much greater in choosing the mode of egress.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.2240-2250
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• 2016

MIFARE Classic is the most popular contactless smart card, which is primarily used in the management of access control and public transport payment systems. It has several security features such as the proprietary stream cipher Crypto 1, a challenge-response mutual authentication protocol, and a random number generator. Unfortunately, multiple studies have reported structural flaws in its security features. Furthermore, various attack methods that target genuine MIFARE Classic cards or readers have been proposed to crack the card. From a practical perspective, these attacks can be partitioned according to the attacker's ability. However, this measure is insufficient to determine the optimal attack flow due to the refined random number generator. Most card-only attack methods assume a predicted or fixed random number, whereas several commercial cards use unpredictable and unfixable random numbers. In this paper, we propose optimal MIFARE Classic attack procedures with regards to the type of random number generator, as well as an adversary's ability. In addition, we show actual attack results from our portable experimental setup, which is comprised of a commercially developed attack device, a smartphone, and our own application retrieving secret data and sector key.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.49-63
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• 2019

Crowdedness management at subway platforms is essential to improve services, including the prevention of train delays and ensuring passenger safety. Establishing effective crowdedness mitigation measures for platforms requires accurate estimation of the congestion level. There are temporal and spatial constraints since crowdedness on subway platforms is assessed at certain locations every 1-2 years by hand counting. However, smart cards generate real-time big data 24 hours a day and could be used in estimating congestion. This study proposes a model based on data from transit cards to estimate crowdedness dynamically. Crowdedness was defined as demand, which can be translated into passengers dynamically moving along a subway network. The trajectory of an individual passenger can be identified through this model. Passenger flow that concentrates or disperses at a platform is also calculated every minute. Lastly, the platform congestion level is estimated based on effective waiting areas for each platform structure.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2023

Boundary Station is an evaluation index that was not reflected in the Seoul Metropolitan Urban Railroad Connected Eare Allocation. Boundary station is a station located at the boundary point of two transportation agencies sharing the same route, and track operation methods are divided into business management and maintenance management. Until now, the Connected Fare Allocation has evaluated the boundary stations from the perspective of business management. Meanwhile, the integrated public transportation fee system requires the need to interpret the boundary stations from the point of view of maintenance management at the developmental level. This study was prepared a measure to quantitatively analyze changes in income with the introduction of maintenance methods in mind. The Change in the income of operation agency evaluated based on the daily transportation card data for the boundary stations of the four Seoul Transportation Corporation and KORAIL sections. This study is meaningful as a basic research for an analytical judgment that evaluates and allocates changes in transportation income of Seoul Metropolitan Urban Railroad in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.623-634
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• 2013

In this study, we provide empirical evidence of whether a spatial correlation among mode choices at the TAZ(Traffic Analysis Zone) level exists based on transit smart card data observed in Seoul, Korea. The results show that the areas with a higher probability that passengers choose to take a bus are clustered and that those regions have fewer metro stations than bus stations. We also found that the spatial correlation turned out to be statistically meaningful and provided an opportunity for the potential use of the spatial correlation in modeling mode choices. A reliable spatial interaction would constitute valuable information for transportation agencies in terms of their route planning and scheduling based on the transit smart card data.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.153-169
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• 2022

With the extension of the average life span and the rapid aging of the population, defining elderly population as a single group is difficult as the physical, economic and social conditions of individual have become different. Therefore, policies that take into account the characteristics of each group are required. The purpose of this study is to classify individual travel types and to analyze the characteristics of each travel type, based on individual public transportation trajectory data as known as smart card data. Among the four classified types, the long-distance low-frequency stay type and the short-range medium-frequency mobile type show external activity traffic characteristics for retirement leisure, while the long-distance high-frequency stay type and the long-distance high-frequency mobile group include regular commuting. Traffic variability and residence areas of stay were identified in terms of each classified travel type. The results of this study provide the important suggestions for establishing a transportation policy that takes into account the characteristics of each type of elderly population in Seoul.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

This study derives quantitative data on how much the fiscal deficit of subway operation agencies can be reduced in the process of charging free rides for the elderly in metropolitan subways during peak periods. In smart card data, every trip of elderly is recorded except fares. Therefore, it is required to establish a methodology for estimating the fares of elderly passengers and distributing them to subway opertation agencies as income. This study builds a simultaneous dynamic traffic allocation model that reflects the assumption that elderly selects a minimum time route based on the departure time. The travel route of the elderly is estimated, and the distance-proportional fare charged to the elderly is calculated based on this, and the fare is distributed by reflecting the connected railway revenue allocation principle of the metropolitan subway operating agencies. As a result of conducting a case study for before and after COVID-19 in 2019 and 2020, it is analyzed that Seoul Metro's annual free loss of 360 billion won could be reduced 6~8% at the morning peak (07:00-08:59), and 13~16% at the morning and afternoon peak (18:00-19:59).

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.231-245
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of staying places by deriving the main staying places of the elderly population in Seoul using public transportation card data. For this reason, we used public transportation card data for 7 days from October 12, 2015 to October 18, 2015. As a result of the analysis, 14 places were extracted as the main staying places. It was divided into 5 groups based on the characteristics of the visiting users and concentration time. Most of the staying places showed that the elderly users who lived near the places visited, but in the case of the group where a large number of elderly users visited had relatively wide range of residential distribution. It was possible to confirm that there was a hierarchy. And the concentration time was displayed differently. Most of the staying places' concentration time was between 10 am and 5 pm. However, in the case of Jegi-dong group and Jamsil group had different concentration time. The results of this research provide necessary suggestions for establishing a public transport policy that considers the main stay spaces of the elderly population in Seoul and the stay characteristics of each stay space.