• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.363-377
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• 2018

The proper functioning of critical points on transport infrastructure is decisive for the entire network. Tunnels and bridges certainly belong to the critical points of the surface transport network, both road and rail. Risk management should be a holistic and dynamic process throughout the entire life cycle. However, the level of risk is usually determined only during the design stage mainly due to the fact that it is a time-consuming and costly process. This paper presents a simplified quantitative risk analysis method that can be used any time during the decades of a tunnel's lifetime and can estimate the changing risks on a continuous basis and thus uncover hidden safety threats. The presented method is a decision support system for tunnel managers designed to preserve or even increase tunnel safety. The CAPITA method is a deterministic scenario-oriented risk analysis approach for assessment of mortality risks in road tunnels in case of the most dangerous situation - a fire. It is implemented through an advanced risk analysis CAPITA SW. Both, the method as well as the resulting software were developed by the authors' team. Unlike existing analyzes requiring specialized microsimulation tools for traffic flow, smoke propagation and evacuation modeling, the CAPITA contains comprehensive database with the results of thousands of simulations performed in advance for various combinations of variables. This approach significantly simplifies the overall complexity and thus enhances the usability of the resulting risk analysis. Additionally, it provides the decision makers with holistic view by providing not only on the expected risk but also on the risk's sensitivity to different variables. This allows the tunnel manager or another decision maker to estimate the primary change of risk whenever traffic conditions in the tunnel change and to see the dependencies to particular input variables.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 교통방재대책 수립을 위한 기초 연구로써 세종특별자치시를 대상으로 도로네트워크의 기능 및 네트워크 연결성을 고려한 긴급대피교통로 선정방법을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 먼저 대상지역의 GIS자료를 이용한 연결정도 중심성 및 근접 중심성 지표를 통해 도로네트워크의 기능적 측면에서 분석 하였다. 그리고 TranCAD 프로그램을 활용하여 재난 발생 시 통행배정단계에서의 도로 이용자 패턴 및 통행시간 변화를 분석하여 네트워크의 연결성이 저하될 경우 각 도로가 전체 네트워크에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 최종 긴급대피교통로 선정을 위해 각 지표에 대한 군집분석을 수행하였으며 군집별 특성에 따라 1차, 2차 긴급대피교통로가 최종적으로 선정되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 예측 불가능한 재난이 발생하였을 경우 2차 피해를 줄일 수 있는 의사결정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.160-172
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• 2018

위성항법장치(GPS)를 이용한 위치 추정 방법은 자동차의 내비게이션 시스템을 비롯한 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있다. 하지만 GPS 신호는 실내에서 측정이 어려우므로 건물이나 공장과 같은 실내에서 특정 물체의 위치를 파악하기에는 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위하여 공장 내에서의 물자관리를 위해 저전력 블루투스(BLE) 기반의 객체 위치 추정하는 시스템을 제안한다. 객체위치 추정 시스템은 블루투스 신호 발생기, 수신기, 그리고 데이터베이스 서버로 이루어져 있으며 물자에는 BLE를 기반으로 하는 신호 발생기를 부착하고, 공장 내부에 수신기를 적절하게 배치하여 구성하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 기존의 삼변 측량법의 오차를 감소시키기 위해 4개의 수신기를 사용하는 4축 측량알고리즘인 "대각측량"을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 기존 삼변측량대비 우수한 성능을 보였으며 공장에 시스템을 설치하여 실험을 수행함으로써 본 연구에서 제안하는 시스템과 알고리즘의 실효성을 증명하였다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2016

자율주행 차량은 다양한 센서를 활용하여 사람과 유사한 수준으로 실시간 도로환경 변화를 인지, 환경 변화에 대한 적절한 판단 및 제어를 수행하여야 한다. 특히 영상센서는 차선인식 기능을 통해 주행방향 결정 및 차로이탈 방지 등 조향제어 수행을 위한 인지에 활용된다. 하지만 관련 성능기준은 ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System)와 연계된 '운전자 보조' 역할에 초점이 맞춰져, 자율주행시 요구되는 '주체적 상황 인지'를 위한 성능조건과 다를 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 자율주행시 차선인식 기능이 정상적으로 작동되지 않는 상황이 지속될 때 차량 진행방향과 도로 선형방향의 불일치에 따라 발생되는 횡방향 차로이탈을 차량의 이동 궤적을 기반하여 추정하고, 안전성 확보를 위한 차로이탈 허용 수준 및 영상센서 성능수준을 제시하였다. 분석 결과 승용차 조건에서 차선인식 기능이 1초 이상 연속적인 오작동을 일으킨다면 차로이탈에 의한 위험한 상황에 놓일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 자율주행 차량을 위한 차선인식 기능 평가 시 현재 기준보다 큰 횡방향 차로이탈상황에 대한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

Purpose: To analyze the data of patients who suffered trauma in a cultivator accident and visited the trauma center in rural Gyeongbuk Province. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and Korean Trauma Data Bank data of 120 patients who suffered cultivator-related traumas and visited the rural regional trauma center in Gyeongbuk Province from January to December 2015. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 96 years (mean, 70 years). Ninety-one (75.8%) patients were men, and twenty-nine (24.2%) were women. Most of the patients were in their 70s (46 men [50.5%] and 13 women [44.8%]). In total, 113 patients (94.1%) arrived at the regional trauma center by ground transport and 7 (5.9%) arrived by air transport. Ninety-eight patients (81.7%) were transported to the regional trauma center directly from the scene of the accident, and twenty-two (18.3%) were transferred from another medical institute. The mean time from the accident to arrival at the emergency department was 139 minutes, and only 46 patients (38.3%) arrived within 1 hour. Twelve (10.0%) patients died, including two deaths on arrival and two post- cardiopulmonary resuscitation deaths in the emergency department. All deaths were of male cultivator operators. The causes of death were shock (hypovolemic, traumatic, or septic), subdural hematoma (open), hemothorax, rhabdomyolysis, and pneumonia. Conclusions: As the government - led regional trauma center project is on process, it would be clinically important to summarize the initial outcome of cultivator injuries, which are characteristically found more in regional trauma centers in the rural area, and have high mortality. Based on this study, in the future, it will be necessary to follow up and analyze more number of patients and to construct accurate database about trauma cases related to cultivator in Gyeongbuk region.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.81-103
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• 1994

Increasing costs and competition in the global trade and transportation arena have led to a search for effient, cost-effective, particularly through the application of computer and information technologies. Most recently the introduction of Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) technologies in both trading and trade facili-tation activitiess have bagun to change the complextion of the international transport space. Korea as well as the other developing countries has become aware of the need to embrace EDI strate-gies in order to maintain a competitive market position with their more technologically advanced neighbou-ring and international trading partners. A way of EDI implementation, KMPA has invested large budgets in the research of the EDI since 1990. As the result of study in EDI of transport, KL-Net(Korea Logistics Network) was organized for the EDI business in cargo logistics. In spite of these KMPA's activities, the development plan of container logistics data interchange is not good and useful. So a new model of EDI in transportation is required by using the concepts of cargo data sharing. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new way of container logistics data interchange model. This paper therefore analyze the information flow in the current container logistics and find the problem in the area to derive a new model. The followings are the results of this paper : (1) There are many problems and user's requirements in container logistics data interchange in Korea. (2) Many messages of UN/EDIFACT are able to be used in container logistics data interchange. (3) The container cargo data are stored in Container Logistics Network(CL-Net) database. And when necessary by requesting message transmission, the container logistics data interchange is possible. (4) Customs cargo clearance system and PORT-MIS can be linked to CL-Net. If the systems, however, are to introduce EDI in data interchange, the quality of user's software has to be assured.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 고령 보행자의 안전한 보행을 위한 새로운 팔 스윙 보행 패턴 기반 보행안전 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 스마트 밴드, 스마트 워치 등 햅틱 기반의 디바이스를 활용한 고령 보행자용 보행 안전 시스템으로 기존의 하지 운동의 보행 패턴으로 보행자의 낙상 상황을 인지하기 어려운 문제점을 해결하기 위해 팔 스윙 기반의 보행 패턴을 활용한다. 팔 스윙 기반 보행 패턴은 디바이스의 가속도 센서를 이용한 팔의 스윙을 통해 걸음수 및 보행자의 낙상 상황을 인지하며 낙상 상황이 발생하는 위치를 데이터베이스화하여 고령 보행자에게 낙상 발생 예상 위치 근처를 보행할 시 경고 메시지를 전달하여 고령자에게 보행 안전을 제공한다. 이러한 시스템을 통해 고령자의 안전한 보행 권리 및 환경 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

In this study, we report the generation and analysis of a total of 1,211 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Pinus koraiensis. A cDNA library was generated from the young leaf tissue and a total of 1,211 cDNA were partially sequenced. EST and unigene sequence quality were determined by computational filtering, manual review, and BLAST analyses. In all, 857 ESTs were acquired after the removal of the vector sequence and filtering over a minimum length 50 nucleotides. A total of 411 unigene, consisting of 89 contigs and 322 singletons, was identified after assembling. Also, we identified 77 new microsatellite-containing sequences from the unigenes and classified the structure according to their repeat unit. According to homology search with BLASTX against the NCBI database, 63.1% of ESTs were homologous with known function and 22.2% of ESTs were matched with putative or unknown function. The remaining 14.6% of ESTs showed no significant similarity to any protein sequences found in the public database. Gene ontology (GO) classification showed that the most abundant GO terms were transport, nucleotide binding, plastid, in terms biological process, molecular function and cellular component, respectively. The sequence data will be used to characterize potential roles of new genes in Pinus and provided for the useful tools as a genetic resource.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to estimate the appropriate storage required for deicing materials in Gangwon-do for successful snow removal operations during the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games. The final estimates of the deicing chemicals can be used by public agencies to aid decision making. METHODS : First, the database that exists in the road snow-removal management system (RSMS) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, South Korea was used to determine historical characteristics of snow removal experiences in Gangwon-do. The database includes historical information, including regional and road weather data and number of snow-removal works. Second, both the maximum and the actual amount of storages used for deicing materials in the past three years were analyzed. Lastly, the final estimates of the deicing materials were evaluated using an additional equation. It considers frequency of salt spray application, total administrative road length estimated by road agencies, and number of days required for snow removal works in Gangwon-do. Consequently, the results show that significant differences were not observed between the final estimates and the maximum amount used during the past three years. RESULTS : The final estimates of the deicing materials are almost similar to the maximum amount used during the past three years in Gangwon-do. CONCLUSIONS : The study shows that the estimates of deicing chemicals can be useful when decision making is required for the snow-removal policy.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2018

Selection of suitable ice class for ships operation is an important but not simple task. The increased exploitation of the Polar waters, both seasonal periods and geographical areas, as well as the introduction of new international design standards such as Polar Code, reduces the relevancy of using existing experience as basis for the selection, and new methods and knowledge have to be developed. This paper will analyse what can be the limiting ice thickness for ships navigating in the Russian Arctic and designed according to the Finnish-Swedish ice class rules. The permanent deformations of ice-strengthened shell structures for various ice classes is determined using MT Uikku as the typical size of a vessel navigating in ice. The ice load in various conditions is determined using the ARCDEV data from the winter 1998 as the basic database. By comparing the measured load in various ice conditions with the serviceability limit state of the structures, the limiting ice thickness for various ice classes is determined. The database for maximum loads includes 3-weeks ice load measurements during April 1998 on the Kara Sea mainly by icebreaker assistance. Gumbel 1 distribution is fitted on the measured 20 min maximum values and the data is divided into various classes using ship speed, ice thickness and ice concentration as the main parameters. Results encouragingly show that present designs are safer than assumed in the Polar Code suggesting that assisted operation in Arctic conditions is feasible in rougher conditions than indicated in the Polar Code.