• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2015

Background Adipose tissue damage of cryopreserved fat after autologous fat transfer is inevitable in several processes of re-transplantation. This study aims to compare and analyze the survivability of adipocytes after thawing fat cryopreserved at $-20^{\circ}C$ by using thawing methods used in clinics. Methods The survival rates of adipocytes in the following thawing groups were measured: natural thawing at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes; natural thawing at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes, followed by rapid thawing at $37^{\circ}C$ in a water bath for 5 minutes; and rapid thawing at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes in a water bath. The survival rates of adipocytes were assessed by measuring the volume of the fat layer in the top layers separated after centrifugation, counting the number of live adipocytes after staining with trypan blue, and measuring the activity of mitochondria in the adipocytes. Results In the group with rapid thawing for 10 minutes in a water bath, it was observed that the cell count of live adipocytes and the activity of the adipocyte mitochondria were significantly higher than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The volume of the fat layer separated by centrifugation was also measured to be higher, which was, however, not statistically significant. Conclusions It was shown that the survival rate of adipocytes was higher when the frozen fat tissue was thawed rapidly at $37^{\circ}C$. It can thus be concluded that if fats thawed with this method are re-transplanted, the survival rate of cryopreserved fats in transplantation will be improved, and thus, the effect of autologous fat transfer will increase.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.1092-1100
• /
• 2023

Introduction: We present a case of multiple myeloma with amyloidosis, which has features of peripheral neuropathy after induction chemotherapy before autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, in a 56-year-old woman with Korean medicine. Case Presentation: For 17 days of hospitalization, the patient with complaints of numbness and a tingling sensation in the hands and feet was treated with acupuncture, herbal medicine. To reduce the symptoms, we provided Korean medicine treatments, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the results of the treatment. Until discharge, the VAS scores decreased for both hands and the foot tingling sensation. Conclusion: According to these results, Korean medicine treatment may be considered an effective treatment for tingling sensations in a patient with multiple myeloma with amyloidosis. Prospective studies are needed in the future to confirm and expand these findings.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.44.1-44.16
• /
• 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating autoimmune diseases and managing various conditions, such as engraftment of allogeneic islets. Additionally, autologous and HLA-matched allogeneic MSCs can aid in the engraftment of human allogeneic kidneys with or without low doses of tacrolimus, respectively. However, HLA alloantigens are problematic because cell therapy uses more HLA-mismatched allogeneic cells than autologous for convenience and standardization. In particular, HLA-mismatched MSCs showed increased Ag-specific T/B cells and reduced viability faster than HLA-matched MSCs. In CRISPR/Cas9-based cell therapy, Cas9 induce T cell activation in the recipient's immune system. Interestingly, despite their immunogenicity being limited to the cells with foreign Ags, the accumulation of HLA alloantigen-sensitized T/B cells may lead to allograft rejection, suggesting that alloantigens may have a greater scope of adverse effects than foreign Ags. To avoid alloantigen recognition, the β2-microglobulin knockout (B2MKO) system, eliminating class-I MHC, was able to avoid rejection by alloreactive CD8 T cells compared to controls. Moreover, universal donor cells in which both B2M and Class II MHC transactivator (CIITA) were knocked out was more effective in avoiding immune rejection than single KO. However, B2MKO and CIITA KO system remain to be controlled and validated for adverse effects such as the development of tumorigenicity due to deficient Ag recognition by CD8 T and CD4 T cells, respectively. Overall, better HLA-matching or depletion of HLA alloantigens prior to cell therapy can reduce repetitive transplantation through the long-term survival of allogeneic cell therapy, which may be especially important for patients seeking allogeneic transplantation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제49권10호
• /
• pp.1079-1085
• /
• 2006

목 적 : 본 연구는 다양한 소아 고위험 고형종양에서 이식된 조혈모세포의 수와 조혈기능의 회복속도 나아가 감염과의 상관관계에 대해 분석함으로써 자가 조혈모세포이식에서 안전한 이식을 위해 필요한 최소한의 조혈모세포의 수가 어느 정도인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 2년 동안 삼성서울병원 소아과에서 소아 고형종양을 대상으로 시행된 고용량 화학요법 후 자가 말초혈 조혈모세포이식 72례에서 이식된 조혈모세포의 수와 이식 후 혈액학적 회복속도 및 감염과의 관계를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 중성구 회복속도에 독립적으로 영향을 주는 유일한인자는 이식된 CD34 양성세포의 수였고 혈소판 회복속도에 독립적으로 영향을 주는 인자는 이식된 CD34 양성세포의 수와 이식 전 치료기간이었다. 미생물학적으로 확인된 감염의 빈도는 이식된 CD34 양성세포 수 등 여러 인자와 관련성이 없었다. 나이가 어릴수록, 이식 전 치료기간이 길수록, TBI 혹은 thiotepa가 포함된 고용량 화학요법, 설사가 심한 경우, 이식된 CD34 양성세포의 수가 적은 경우($2{\times}10^6/kg$ 이하) 발열기간이 유의하게 길었다. 그러나 미생물학적으로 확인된 감염의 빈도는 이러한 발열에 영향을 주는 여러 인자와 관련성이 없었다. 이식된 CD34 양성세포의 수를 보다 세분하여 중성구 및 혈소판 회복속도, 고열 지속기간 및 항생제 사용기간을 비교하였을 때 이식된 CD34 양성세포의 수가 적을수록 중성구 및 혈소판 회복속도가 늦어지고 항생제 사용기간이 길어졌으나 고열 지속 기간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 이식된 CD34 양성세포의 수에 따라 조혈기능의 회복속도는 분명한 차이가 있지만 미생물학적으로 확인된 감염의 빈도 혹은 임상적으로 유의한 고열 지속기간의 차이는 없었다. 따라서 고용량 화학요법 후 자가 조혈모세포이식 시 가능한 많은 수의 조혈모세포를 이식하는 것이 바람직하지만 임상적으로 충분한 조혈모세포를 채집하지 못한 경우, 1회 이식 시 최소한 $1{\times}10^6/kg$ 이상인 경우에는 임상적으로 수용할 수 있는 생착이 가능하므로 추가적인 조혈모세포 채집을 위해 고용량 화학요법의 적절한 시기를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.449-456
• /
• 2014

The use of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SFMSCs) obtained from patients with degenerative arthropathy may serve as an alternative therapeutic strategy in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For treatment of OA and RA patients, autologous transplantation of differentiated MSCs has several beneficial effects for cartilage regeneration including immunomodulatory activity. In this study, we induced chondrogenic differentiation of SFMSCs by inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) with a small molecule and microRNA (miRNA). Chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by PCR and immunocytochemistry using probes specific for aggrecan, the major cartilaginous proteoglycan gene. Absorbance of alcian blue stain to detect chondrogenic differentiation was increased in H-89 and/or miRNA-23b-transfected cells. Furthermore, expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 was decreased in treated1 cells. Therefore, differentiation of SFMSCs into chondrocytes through inhibition of PKA signaling may be a therapeutic option for OA or RA patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2018

Background A persistent problem in autologous breast reconstruction in skin-sparing mastectomies is skin restoration after skin necrosis or secondary oncological resection. As a solution to facilitate reconstruction, skin banking of free-flap skin has been proposed in cases where the overlying skin envelope must be resected, as this technique spares the patient an additional donor site. Herein, we present the largest series to date in which this method was used. We investigated its safety and the possibility of skin banking for prolonged periods of time. Methods All skin-sparing mastectomies and immediate autologous breast reconstructions from December 2009 until June 2013 at our institution were analysed. Results We identified 31 patients who underwent 33 free flap reconstructions in which skin banking was performed. Our median skin banking period was 7 days, with a maximum duration of 171 days. In 22.5% of cases, the banked skin was used to reconstruct overlying skin defects, and in 9.6% of cases to reconstruct the nipple-areolar complex. Microbiological and histological investigations of the banked skin revealed neither clinical infections nor malignancies. Conclusions In situ skin banking, even for prolonged periods of time, is a safe and cost-effective method to ensure that skin defects due to necrosis or secondary oncological resection can be easily reconstructed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.511-515
• /
• 2005

Autologous cartilage grafts have become an integral part of aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. However, little objective information is available about the actual quantitative resorption of cartilage in human. This study sought to objectively quantify and compare the resorption of costal cartilage in human. To compare the resorption characteristics of rib cartilage autografts, we harvested rib cartilage grafts from 37 microtia patients. All autografts were implanted subcutaneously on chest and then removed after 6 to 17 months. Graft mass and volume were compared before and after implantion. Rib cartilage grafts with perichondrium averaged $10.8{\pm}7.4%$ resorption by volume, On the other hand rib cartilage grafts without perichondrium $25.5{\pm}6.8%$. There was no evidence of necrosis or inflammatory changes. The rib cartilage is the preferred source of autogenous cartilage for auricular reconstruction. Short-term resorption of rib cartilage without perichondrium appears to be higher than with perichondrium. The low resorption of cartilage with perichondrium may be due to in part to cartilage forming capacity of the perichondrium. It remains to be seen whether these differences in resorption persist in the long term.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제56권9호
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 2013

Purpose: We performed a pilot study to determine the benefit of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (HDCT/autoPBSCT) for patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who received HDCT/autoPBSCT at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Patients with relapsed, metastatic, or centrally located tumors were eligible for the study. Results: A total of 9 patients (3 male, 6 female), with a median age at HDCT/autoPBSCT of 13.4 years (range, 7.1 to 28.2 years), were included in this study. Patients underwent conventional chemotherapy and local control either by surgery or radiation therapy, and had achieved complete response (CR, n=7), partial response (n=1), or stable disease (n=1) prior to HDCT/autoPBSCT. There was no transplant-related mortality. However, the median duration of overall survival and event-free survival after HDCT/autoPBSCT were 13.3 months (range, 5.3 to 44.5 months) and 6.2 months (range, 2.1 to 44.5 months), respectively. At present, 4 patients are alive and 5 patients who experienced adverse events (2 metastasis, 2 local recur, and 1 progressive disease) survived for a median time of 2.8 months (range, 0.1 to 10.7 months). The 2-year survival after HDCT/autoPBSCT was $44.4%{\pm}16.6%$ and disease status at the time of HDCT/autoPBSCT tended to influence survival ($57.1%{\pm}18.7%$ of cases with CR vs. 0% of cases with non-CR, P=0.07). Conclusion: Disease status at HDCT/autoPBSCT tended to influence survival. Further studies are necessary to define the role of HDCT/autoPBSCT and to identify subgroup of patients who might benefit from this investigational treatment.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) has traditionally been treated using an autologous osteochondral graft via the medial malleolar approach. Here, we compare the traditional method with the anterior arthrotomy approach. Materials and Methods: Between January 2005 and June 2015, 24 cases of patients who received autologus osteochondral graft for OLT and with at least 2 years of follow-up were evaluated. They were divided into two groups; one group receiving autologous osteochondral graft via the medial malleolar osteotomy approach (group 1, n=9) and another group via the anterior arthrotomy approach (group 2, n=15). The clinical outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Results: In all cases, the size of the subchondral cyst of the talus decreased, if not disappeared on the final follow-up radiograph. All osteochondral grafts were united. The mean AOFAS score increased from 61.5 preoperatively to 84.9 at the final follow-up. The mean AOFAS score of group 1 increased from 60.3 preoperatively to 78.0 (p=0.007) at the final follow-up, and the mean AOFAS score of group 2 also increased from 62.2 to 89.1 (p=0.006). The AOFAS score was statistically better in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.034) at the final follow-up. Conclusion: Autologous osteochondral graft of the OLT yields satisfactory radiologic and clinical outcomes. Especially, better clinical outcome was observed in the group using the anterior arthrotomy approach (group 2) than in the group using the medial malleolar osteotomy approach (group 1).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2017

Although the survival rate of hematologic malignancies in young patients is very high, cytotoxic therapies such as chemotherapy and total body irradiation therapy can significantly reduce a patient's reproductive capacity and cause irreversible infertility. Early ovarian failure also commonly occurs following additional cancer treatment, bone marrow transplantation, or autologous transplantation. Because the risk of early ovarian failure depends on the patient's circumstances, patients with a hematologic malignancy must consult health professionals regarding fertility preservation before undergoing treatments that can potentially damage their ovaries. While it is widely known that early menopause commonly occurs following breast cancer treatment, there is a lack of reliable study results regarding fertility preservation during hematologic malignancy treatment. Therefore, an in-depth discussion between patients and health professionals about the pros and cons of the various options for fertility preservation is necessary. In this study, we review germ cell toxicity, which occurs during the treatment of hematologic malignancies, and propose guidelines for fertility preservation in younger patients with hematologic malignancies.