• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2019

Rickettsial infections (Rickettsioses) are the causes of acute fever found in Thailand. It is classified as acute febrile illnesses transmitted by bloodsucking arthropod vectors (tick, flea, and chigger). This research investigated pathogens of scrub typhus in vectors from Bangkaew District, Phatthalung Province. A total of 303 pools of vector samples were ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. microplus, and Haemaphysalis sp.), fleas (Ctenocephalides felis orientis, C. f. felis, and C. canis), and chiggers (Leptotrombidium deliense, Aschoschoengastia indica, Blankaartia acuscutellaris and Walchia disparunguis pingue) collected from reservoir hosts (dogs and rodents). The 17 and 56 kDa gene of Rickettsia causing scrub typhus were found in 29% of ticks and 98% of flea. DNA sequence analysis reveeled the detected strains were R. asembonensis and Rickettsia sp. cf1 and 5.The chiggers, 1%, were infected with Rickettsia strain TA763, a pathogen of scrub typhus.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2023

In this study, 50 ABE-type hard hats were procured from five certified commercial manufacturers, and shock absorption tests were conducted in accordance with Protective Equipment Safety Certification Notice No. 2020-35. The tests were performed under both high- and low-temperature conditions, adhering to safety helmet testing standards. The highest shock transmission ranges were recorded in the tests, with an average energy range of 2,600-4,108 N at high temperatures and 2,316-3,991 N at low temperatures. All five hard hat models demonstrated a maximum transmitted impact force below 4,450 N, without any loss of cap and attachment functionality, confirming their compliance with performance standards. Furthermore, we evaluated the side impact performance of the safety helmets of each company, with an average range of 4,722-5,267 N. Company A exhibited the lowest measurement at 4,722 N. Comparing these results with international safety standards and the national shock absorption test criteria, it was observed that the maximum transmitted shock value using government-specified impact weight falls within the range of 4,450-5,000 N. However, it was noted that developed countries have established specific standards for the side impact forces on safety helmets, which are legally mandated. Consequently, it is imperative for South Korea to enhance its safety helmet side impact performance test methodology to align with domestic standards in the future.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2015

이상 기후현상으로 인해 폭풍의 강도가 커지고, 지속시간 또한 길어지고 있어 연안 피해가 점차 대규모화 되고 있다. 이러한 변화에 대응하기 위하여 기존 방파제에 대한 평가기준과 신설 방파제의 설계기준이 강화되고 있다. 최근 케이슨식 방파제의 구조적 안정성을 향상시키기 위하여 개별 케이슨이 독립적으로 파에 저항하도록 하였던 방파제 케이슨을 서로 인터로킹시키는 방안이 관심을 받고 있다. 이는 각각의 케이슨에 작용하는 힘을 분산시켜 이상파랑이 발생할 경우에도 최대파력이 저감되어 방파제의 안정성을 확보할 수 있도록 한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 케이블을 이용하여 케이슨 상부를 방파제 기준선방향으로 인터로킹시켰을 때의 파력의 분산특성에 대해서 분석하였다. 수치계산의 효율을 위해 지반과 연결 케이블은 선형 스프링으로 모형화하고 케이슨은 강체로 가정한 정적 선형모델을 개발하였다. 수치해석 결과, 입사각이 커질수록 케이블을 통하여 전달되는 파력비가 높아지고, 인터로킹 케이블의 강성이 클수록 전달 파력비가 증대되어 파력분산 효과가 높아지는 특성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.648-655
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• 2005

The resilient mounts of a diesel engine installed onboard a ship should be designed for both static and dynamic loads. If possible, the resonance frequencies of the six rigid body modes of the installation and the flexible modes of the engine support structure should not lie within the engine operation range. In this paper a design criterion is proposed to evaluate an isolation system which involves the summation of dynamic forces transmitted through the resilient mounts and elastic potential energy index stored in the mounts. A case study is also presented in which a diesel engine generator, which had an elastic foundation and was mounted in a 5500 TEU container vessel, was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical analysis of the test model was performed by using a single mass 6 degree of freedom system. Actual measurements of mechanical vibration of the Engine and its foundation onboard were carried out, which showed the importance of including the flexibility of the engine support structure in the mode

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.163-181
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• 1998

In this study, the objective is determine the optimal design variable of engine mount system using the rubber mount of bush-type which is usually utilized in passive control to minimize vibrations of vehicle body or transmission from engine into body. The engine model adopted in this study is 4-cylinder, 4-stroke gasoline engine support- ed by 4-points. The system is modelled in 10 d.o.f.-rigid body motion of the engine & transmission in 6 d.o.f., elastic motion of vehicle body in 4 d.o.f.(1st torsional, 1st vertical and 1st & 2nd lateral bending vibration mode). To consider the elastic motion of vehicle body, find the eigenvalues and mode shapes of vehicle body by nodal testing and then determine the modal masses and stiffnesses of the body. The design variables of the engine mount system are locations, stiffness and damping coefficients of the rubber mounts(28 design variables). In case of considering the torque-roll axis for the engine, the design variables of the mount system are reduced to 22 design variables. The objective functions in optimal design process are considered by three cases, that is, 1) transmitted forces through engine mounts, 2) acceleration components of generalized coordinates for the vibration of vehicle body, 3) acceleration of specified location(where gear box) of body. three case are analyzed and compared with each other.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1997

Vehicle interior noise has become increasingly important in this recent years. The noise of a vehicle is one of the important problems in a vehicle design. The interior noise is caused by various vibration sources of vehicle compartment. The booming noise of a vehicle can be significantly affected by vibrations transmitted from engine excitation forces to the vehicle body. Specially, we are interested in the state of transmission paths such as engine mounts to reduce noise in a vehicle compartment. In this paper, we have been calculated the contribution of each transmission path such as engine mounts to interior noise. To identify contribution of each input sources and transmission paths to output, the effectiveness of each input component to output is calculated. Sensitivity analysis is carried out for investigation of contribution to output due to input variations. With the simulation of magnitude and phase change of inputs using vector synthesis diagram, the trends of synthesized output vector are obtained. As a result, we suggested sensitivity analysis of vector synthesis as a technique of prediction and control for noise in a vehicle compartment.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2015

In this paper, a receding contact problem for an elastic layer resting on two quarter planes is considered. The layer is pressed by a stamp and distributed loads. It is assumed that the contact surfaces are frictionless and only compressive traction can be transmitted through the contact surfaces. In addition the effect of body forces are neglected. Firstly, the problem is solved analytically based on theory of elasticity. In this solution, the problem is reduced into a system of singular integral equations in which contact areas and contact stresses are unknowns using boundary conditions and integral transform techniques. This system is solved numerically using Gauss-Jacobi integral formulation. Secondly, two dimensional finite element analysis of the problem is carried out using ANSYS. The dimensionless quantities for the contact areas and the contact pressures are calculated under various distributed load conditions using both solutions. It is concluded that the position and the magnitude of the distributed load have an important role on the contact area and contact pressure distribution between layer and quarter plane contact surface. The analytic results are verified by comparison with finite element results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2003

The plane contact problem for two infinite elastic layers whose elastic constants and heights are different is considered. The layers lying on a Winkler foundation are acted upon by symmetrical distributed loads whose lengths are 2a applied to the upper layer and uniform vertical body forces due to the effect of gravity in the layers. It is assumed that the contact between two elastic layers is frictionless and that only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted through the interface. The contact along the interface will be continuous if the value of the load factor, ${\lambda}$, is less than a critical value. However, interface separation takes place if it exceeds this critical value. First, the problem of continuous contact is solved and the value of the critical load factor, ${\lambda}_{cr}$, is determined. Then, the discontinuous contact problem is formulated in terms of a singular integral equation. Numerical solutions for contact stress distribution, the size of the separation areas, critical load factor and separation distance, and vertical displacement in the separation zone are given for various dimensionless quantities and distributed loads.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.981-993
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• 1994

EMI 메시지 법적 구속력을 갖는 상용 전자 문서이므로 메시지의 무결성과 거래처간의 신분 확인을 위한 서명 방법이 필요한다. 본 연구에서는 EDI 메시지의 동보 전송에 적합한 새로운 디지털 장 서명 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 Fiat-Shamir 서명 방식에 기분을 두고 있으며, EDI 메시지에 적합한 메시지 인증을 수행할 수 있다. 침입자 및 서명자가 해쉬 함수공격으로 조사한 메시지를 검증할 수 있다. 침입자에 의한 가장 및 재전송과 같은 농동적 공격에 안전하다. 또한 Fiat-Shamir 서명 방법보다 작은 해쉬 값을 사용하여 디치탈 서명을 수행할 수 있다. EDI 메시지의 동보 전송시 지정된 수신자들은 빠르고 안전하게 디지털 서명을 수행할 수 있다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.369-391
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• 2016

Electricity is transmitted by transmission lines from the source of production to the distribution system and then to the end users. Failure of a transmission line can lead to devastating economic losses and to negative social consequences resulting from the interruption of electricity. A comprehensive in-house numerical model that combines the data of computational fluid dynamic simulations of tornado wind fields with three dimensional nonlinear structural analysis modelling of the transmission lines (conductors and ground-wire) is used in the current study. Many codes of practice recommend neglecting the tornado forces acting on the conductors and ground-wires because of the complexity in predicting the conductors' response to such loads. As such, real transmission line systems are numerically simulated and then analyzed with and without the inclusion of the lines to assess the effect of tornado loads acting on conductors on the overall response of transmission towers. In addition, the behaviour of the conductors under the most critical tornado configuration is described. The sensitivity of the lines' behaviour to the magnitude of tornado loading, the level of initial sag, the insulator's length, and lines self-weight is investigated. Based on the current study results, a recommendation is made to consider conductors and ground-wires in the analysis and design of transmission towers under the effect of tornado wind loads.