• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to enhance curing light penetration through resin inlays by modifying the thicknesses of the dentin, enamel, and translucent layers. Materials and Methods: To investigate the layer dominantly affecting the power density of light curing units, resin wafers of each layer with 0.5 mm thickness were prepared and power density through resin wafers was measured with a dental radiometer (Cure Rite, Kerr). The dentin layer, which had the dominant effect on power density reduction, was decreased in thickness from 0.5 to 0.1 mm while thickness of the enamel layer was kept unchanged at 0.5 mm and thickness of the translucent layer was increased from 0.5 to 0.9 mm and vice versa, in order to maintain the total thickness of 1.5 mm of the resin inlay. Power density of various light curing units through resin inlays was measured. Results: Power density measured through 0.5 mm resin wafers decreased more significantly with the dentin layer than with the enamel and translucent layers (p < 0.05). Power density through 1.5 mm resin inlays increased when the dentin layer thickness was reduced and the enamel or translucent layer thickness was increased. The highest power density was recorded with dentin layer thickness of 0.1 mm and increased translucent layer thickness in all light curing units. Conclusions: To enhance the power density through resin inlays, reducing the dentin layer thickness and increasing the translucent layer thickness would be recommendable when fabricating resin inlays.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.650-657
• /
• 2012

For the purpose of improving the durability problem, translucent opal glass was fabricated as a substitute for the polycarbonate diffuser of LED lighting. Calcium phosphate was used as an opacifier of opal glass and melted in an electric furnace. The opaque effect was identified according to the change of the cooling procedure. As results, translucent opal glass was obtained by the melting of a batch with a composition of 3.8% calcium phosphate at $1550^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs and then the cooling of the material in the furnace. For the cooling condition of the glass sample, HTCG (High Temperature Cooled Glass) was found to have better optical properties than LTAG (Low Temperature Annealed Glass). It had excellent optical properties for a diffuser of LED lighting, with no dazzling from direct light due to its high haze value of over 99% and low parallel transmittance value of under 1%. For the thermal properties, it had an expressed thermal expansion coefficient of $5.7{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ and a softening point of $876^{\circ}C$; it also had good thermal properties such as good thermal shock resistance and was easy to apply to the general manufacturing process in the forming of glass tubes and bulbs. Therefore, it is concluded that this translucent opal glass can be used as a glass diffuser material for LED lighting with high heat resistance and high durability; this material is suitable as a substitute for polycarbonate diffusers.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.387-393
• /
• 2017

PURPOSE. Beverages may affect the translucency of esthetic dental restorative materials.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of coffee and red wine on the translucency of a PICN material with two translucency levels, and finished with different methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 2M2 high translucent and translucent VITA Enamic hybrid ceramic blocks were investigated. Rectangular specimens with the dimensions of $12mm{\times}14mm{\times}2mm$ were prepared. The specimens were finished and polished with different methods as suggested by the manufacturer. The translucency parameters of the specimens were evaluated before and after 24 hours, 7 days, and 28 days immersion in distilled water, coffee and red wine. Translucency parameters were measured using a portable spectrophotometer. RESULTS. At the end of 28 days, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups of specimens kept in coffee (P>.05). In the red wine groups, there was a statistically significant difference between the control group and all other groups (P<.05) at the end of 28 days. CONCLUSION. The translucency of hybrid ceramic for a restoration may not be important regarding the effects of coffee on translucency change because the specimens with different translucencies and finishing methods that were immersed to coffee had similar translucency parameters at the end of 28 days. The translucency of hybrid ceramic may be important in the case of red wine, however, since the results showed that highly translucent specimens exposed to red wine demonstrated better translucency parameters than specimens made from translucent blocks at the end of 28 days.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.456-461
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE. Translucency and colour stability are two most important aspects for an aesthetic dental restoration. Glass ceramic restorations are popular amongst clinicians because of their superior aesthetic properties. In the last decade, zirconia has generated tremendous interest due to its favorable mechanical and biological properties. However, zirconia lacks the translucency that lithium disilicate materials possess and therefore has limitations in its use, especially in esthetically demanding situations. There has been a great thrust in research towards developing translucent zirconia materials for dental restorations. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the transmittance of a translucent variant of zirconia to lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two commercially available zirconia materials (conventional and high translucency) and 2 lithium disilicate materials (conventional and high translucency) with standardized dimensions were fabricated. Transmittance values were measured for all samples followed by a microstructural analysis using a finite element scanning electron microscope. One way analysis of variance combined with a Tukey-post hoc test was used to analyze the data obtained (P=.05). RESULTS. High translucency lithium disilicate showed highest transmittance of all materials studied, followed by conventional lithium disilicate, high translucency zirconia and conventional zirconia. The difference between all groups of materials was statistically significant. The transmittance of the different materials correlated to their microstructure analysis. CONCLUSION. Despite manufacturers' efforts to make zirconia significantly more translucent, the transmittance values of these materials still do not match conventional lithium disilicate. More research is required on zirconia towards making the material more translucent for its potential use as esthetic monolithic restoration.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study provided the basic data for selecting the zirconia blocks by comparing the mechanical properties of the all ceramic crown between the domestic, import, translucent and shade blocks that were used in clinically. Methods: Currently, the most commercial block of five types(one import and two domestic block which is the translucent and shade) were used. It were elucidated by means of three point bending test, hardness test, FE-SEM observations and EDX analysis. The results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test for significant findings. Results: For flexural strength, LT specimen was the highest as 733.1 MPa, followed by JT specimen(712.0 MPa), ZT specimen(646.0 MPa), LS specimen(553.1 MPa), JS specimen(429.0 MPa). One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference between groups for flexural strength(p<0.05). For hardness, ZT specimen was the highest as 1556.5 Hv, followed by JT specimen(1540.3 Hv), LT specimen(1512.3 Hv), JS specimen(1472.0 Hv), LS specimen(1353.3 Hv). One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference between groups for hardness(p<0.05). Conclusion: Domestic block was higher than import block for flexural strength, and translucent block was higher than shade block for flexural strength. However, all blocks showed clinically acceptable range. There was no significant difference in hardness between domestic and import blocks. And significant difference was observed in translucent and shade blocks.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.246-257
• /
• 2021

PURPOSE. This study aimed to investigate the Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) of light- and dual cured resin cements cured through monolithic zirconia specimens (VITA YZ) of various translucencies: translucent (T); high translucent (HT); super translucent (ST); and extra translucent (XT) at 0, 24, and 48 h after curing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four zirconia specimens from each translucency were prepared. Two light-cured resin cements (Variolink N LC; VL and RelyX Veneer; RL) and two dual-cured resin cements (Variolink N DC; VD and RelyX U200; RD) were used. The cement was mixed and loaded in a mold and cured for 20 s through the zirconia specimen. The upper surface of cements was tested for VHN using a microhardness tester at 0, 24, and 48 h after curing. The VHN were analyzed using two-way repeated, Brown-Forsythe ANOVA with Games Howell post-hoc analysis and independent t-tests (P < .05). RESULTS. All cements showed significantly higher VHN from 0 h to 24 h (P < .001). At 48 h, the VHN of light-cured cements were significantly lower when cured under the T groups than under XT groups (P = .001 in VL, P = .014 in RL). At each post curing time of each translucency, VD showed higher VHN than VL (P < .05), and RD also showed higher VHN than RL (P < .05). CONCLUSION. The translucency of zirconia has an effect on the VHN for light-cured resin cements, but has no effect on dual-cured resin cements. Dual-cured resin cement exhibited higher VHN than the light-cured resin cement from the same manufacturer. All resin cements showed significantly higher VHN from 0 h to 24 h.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2023

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the connector configuration on the fracture load in conventional and translucent zirconia of three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six different three-unit FDPs were prepared (n = 6) from three types of zirconia (3Y-TZP (Katana ML^®), 4Y-TZP (Katana STML^®), and 5Y-TZP (Katana UTML^®)) in combination with two connector configurations (4 × 2.25, 3 × 3 mm). The CoCr master models were scanned, and the FDPs were designed and fabricated using CAD-CAM. The FDPs were cemented on the metal model and then loaded with a UTM at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis (α = .05). RESULTS. Fracture loads of 3Y-TZP (2740.6 ± 469.2 and 2718.7 ± 339.0 N for size 4 × 2.25 mm and 3 × 3 mm, respectively) were significantly higher than those of 4Y-TZP (1868.3 ± 281.6 and 1663.6 ± 372.7 N, respectively) and 5Y-TZP (1588.0 ± 255.0 and 1559.1 ± 110.0 N, respectively) (P < .05). No significant difference was found between fracture loads of 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP (P > .05). The connector configuration within 9 mm² was found to have no effect on the fracture loads on all three types of zirconia (P > .05). CONCLUSION. Fracture loads of three-unit FDPs were affected by the type of zirconia. The fracture loads of conventional zirconia were higher than those of translucent zirconia. However, it was not affected by the connector configuration when the connector had a cross-sectional area of 9 mm².

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2020

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 전부도재 수복물을 위해 단일체로 사용되는 고반투명 유색 지르코니아의 굽힘강도 및 신뢰도를 평가하기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 전부도재 수복물을 위해 사용되는 무색(A0) 및 유색(A1, A3)의 고반투명 지르코니아 블록을 사용하여 바 형태의 시편(25 × 4 × 2.5 mm)을 제작하였다. 지르코니아 블록의 색조에 따라 3개의 실험군을 설정하였고, 한 군당 20개의 시편을 제작하였다. 굽힘강도는 3점 굽힘시험을 통해 측정하였으며, 일원배치 분산분석을 이용하여 색조에 따른 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 다음으로 세라믹 재료 특성상 신뢰도를 평가하기 위해 와이블 분석을 시행하였으며, X선 회절분석으로 시편의 결정특성을 분석하였다. 결과: 무색 고반투명 지르코니아의 굽힘강도(1127.10 MPa)가 색조 A1 (995.71 MPa)과 A3 (1016.42 MPa)에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다(P < 0.05). 색조 A1과 A3 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다(P > 0.05). 와이블 분석을 시행한 결과, 무색 고반투명 지르코니아가 유색에 비해 높은 신뢰도를 나타냈다. X선 회절분석 결과 모든 그룹에서 지르코니아 정방정상의 특징적인 피크를 보였다. 결론: 본 제한된 연구의 결과를 근거로 단일체로 사용되는 고반투명 지르코니아에 색조를 가미하는 것이 굽힘강도와 신뢰도를 저하시킬 수 있으며, 도재 파절을 방지하고 심미 증진을 위해 고반투명 지르코니아를 사용할 경우 색조 선택에 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.318-327
• /
• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 지르코니아 크라운의 종류 및 두께와 시멘트 종류에 따른 색조를 평가하여 상악 유중절치와 가장 유사한 조합을 확인하는 것이었다. 시중에 유통되는 3가지 색조의 기성 지르코니아 크라운과 6종류의 지르코니아 블럭을 이용해 제작한 크라운이 연구에 사용되었고, A2 shade 또는 translucent shade의 레진 시멘트로 크라운 내면을 충전하였다. 분광 광도계를 이용하여 각 시편의 $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ 값을 평가하여, 자연치와 지르코니아 크라운의 색 차이(ΔEn)를 평가하였다. 시편의 색조는 translucent-shade 레진시멘트를 사용했을 때 보다 A2-shade 레진시멘트를 사용하였을 때 더욱 자연치와 유사하였고, smile series 2 (SmS2) 지르코니아 블록으로 0.5 mm 두께의 크라운을 제작하여 A2-shade 레진시멘트로 채웠을 때 가장 자연치와 색 차이가 가장 작았다. 한국 어린이들의 상악 유전치부를 지르코니아 크라운으로 수복할 때, translucent-shade의 레진시멘트 보다는 A2-shade의 레진시멘트를 사용하는 것이 권장되고, 기성 지르코니아 크라운은 색조면에서 심미성이 충분하지 못하기 때문에 기성 지르코니아 크라운의 색조 개선이나 새로운 종류의 지르코니아 크라운의 개발이 필요하다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2022

다양한 치과용 도재가 개발되고 있으나 현재 단일구조 보철물로 사용할 수 있는 수준의 기계적, 광학적 성질을 보이는 도재는 반투명 지르코니아와 리튬디실리케이트 결정화유리가 대표적이다. 기계적 성질의 경우 지르코니아가, 광학적 성질은 리튬디실리케이트가 상대적으로 더 우수하다고 알려져 있으나 물성개선을 통해 보다 다양한 증례에 보철물을 적용할 수 있게 되었다. 그 결과 반투명 지르코니아와 리튬디실리케이트 보철물의 적응증이 서로 중복되는 경우가 발생하고 있다. 그러나 두 도재는 유리질(glass matrix) 포함여부뿐만 아니라 강화기전, 탄성계수 등이 서로다르다. 이에 본 문헌고찰에서는 두 단일구조 치과용 도재의 물성을 평가한 다양한 연구결과들을 살펴보고 특히 가공치가 포함된 고정성 보철물의 디자인 시 고려사항에 대해 알아보고자 한다.