• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2024

Glutamate-mediated oxidative stress causes neuronal cell death by increasing intracellular Ca²⁺ uptake, reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus. In the current study, we demonstrated that corydaline exerts potent neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Treatment with 5 mmol/L glutamate increased cellular Ca²⁺ influx, ROS generation, MAPK activation, and AIF translocation. In contrast, corydaline treatment decreased cellular Ca²⁺ influx and ROS generation. Western blot analysis revealed that glutamate-mediated MAPK activation was attenuated by corydaline treatment. We further demonstrated that corydaline treatment inhibited the glutamate-mediated translocation of AIF to the nucleus. We propose that corydaline is a promising lead structure for the development of safe and effective neuroprotectants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.638-647
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• 1998

Protein Kinase C (PKC) activators, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), bryostatin, and dioctanoyl glycerol (DiC8), induce translocation of PKC isozymes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane or into nucleus. The activated PKC negatively modulates growth of human breast cancer cells. Antiproliferative effect and translocation of PKC were investigated in MCF-7 cells. The translocation of activated PKC isozymes by PMA, bryostatin and DiC8 was occurred at the various different regions in MCF-7 cell. PKC $\alpha$ and $\beta$ could be translocated to the nucleus or the nuclear mem-brane, and PKC $\delta$and $\varepsilon$ to cell membrane by PMA while DiC8 and bryostatin induced the translocation of PKC $\alpha$ and $\beta$ to the nucleus or plasma membrane, respectively. In the antiproliferative effect of PKC activators, PMA ($IC_{50}$/ values of 1.2$\pm$0.3nM) and DiC8 ($IC_{50}$/ values of 5.0$\pm$1.1$\mu$M) inhibited the cell growth. Bryostatin also inhibited the cell growth but to a much less degree than one obser-ved with PMA : 16% growth reduction by 100nM bryostatin. However, PMA treated with bryostatin induced gro-wth inhibition, but PMA with DiC8 at 10$\mu$M was not effective. These results suggest that each PKC isozyme is tran-slocated to various specific sites, and that especially, PKC $\alpha$ isozyme plays an important role in control of antiprolife-raive function of cell growth.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.463-468
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• 1993

In order to elucidate the translocation of the systemic insecticide, phosphamidon (2-chloro-2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate), treated to pine trees against pine leaf gall midges (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye), $[vinyl,\;carbonyl-^{14}C]$ phosphamidon was implanted into the trunks of 10-year-old Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.), respectively. The upward movement rates of the chemical within Korean red pine in July and Japanese black pine in December were ca. 10 cm/hr and 2 cm/hr, respectively. The original radioactivity level persisted up to 75 days after treatment throughout the whole tree in Korean red pine in July, whereas it did up to 150 days in Japanese black pine in December. The chemical was translocated up to the top at the insecticidal level within 3 days after treatment in July, whereas in December it was within 15 days. The translocation of the chemical was much dependent upon pine tree species and the treated season. Methanol was suitable for the extraction of phosphamidon and its metabolites from pine needles. Autoradiography of the methanol extracts of pine needles collected from the treated pine trees proved that phosphamidon broke down very quickly within pine trees (ca. 80% metabolized within 7 days).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1994

Absorption and translocation of bensulfuron-methyl {methyl 2[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]methyl]benzoate} in rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by mineral nutrients and mixed herbicides were determined using the $^{14}C-labeled$ herbicide in culture solution. Absorption of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ by the root decreased with increasing concentration of bensulfuron-methyl. However, increase in the application concentration did not affect movement of the $^{14}C$ to the shoot. There was no difference in total amount of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ taken up between absorption periods of 12 and 48 hours, whereas $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ translocated to the shoot increased with increasing the absorption period. When bensulfuron-methyl mixtures were applied, butachlor [N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)acetamide] did not affect absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. However, quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acid) mixed at a high concentration resulted in decrease in absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. Nutritional disorder such as deficient or excess supply of mineral nutrients caused to inhibit absorption of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. The greatest decrease and delay of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ absorption and/or translocation occurred in N-deficient and S-excess supply conditions.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.393-398
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• 1997

Cytogenetic analysis was performed in 1321 couples and 141 women with history of abnormal reproductive outcome during 1988-1996. The use of high resolution banding technique and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the chromosome analysis has made the precise evaluation of chromosome aberrations. The prevalence of balanced chromosomal translocation carriers were 3.74% (104/2783 patients). 70 cases (2.52%) were reciprocal translocation carriers and 34 (1.22%) had Robertsonian translocations. Chromosome aberrations were more frequent in women (73 cases) than in men (31 cases). No phenotypical abnormalities were found in all carriers, but they experienced abnormal reproductive outcomes such as recurrent spontaneous abortions, anomalous offsprings or infertility problem. Prenatal diagnosis was carried out on 36 subsequent pregnancies in balanced translocation carriers. The fetal karyotypes showed that 12 cases (33%) were normal, 22 (61%) were balanced translocations, and two (6%) were unbalanced translocations. It is concluded that the prevalence of balanced chromosomal translocations in patients with abnormal reproductive outcome is higher than that of the normal population. Most of the fetal samples showed normal karyotypes or balanced translocations. Although the incidence of chromosomal imbalance in the fetuses was relatively low in prenatal diagnosis, individuals with balanced translocations are predisposed to abnormal offspring with partial trisomy or monosomy. Therefore we recommend that genetic counselling and cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis for translocation carriers have to be offered to prevent recurrent chromosomal abnormal babies.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 2024

Three types of veterinary antibiotics, including oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) of tetracycline class and amoxicillin (AMX) of penicilline class, were artificially introduced into the irrigation water. The residue of veterinary antibiotics in the soil, the absorption-translocation of veterinary antibiotics into the red lettuce and young radish plant, and crops yield were investigated according to the agricultural water irrigation method (surface drip irrigation, underground drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation). There was no significant difference in the residue and translocation of veterinary antibiotics in the soils and crops according to the irrigation method and type of veterinary antibiotics (p>0.05). For the edible parts of red lettuce and young radish, all three types of veterinary antibiotics were found to be below the detection limit, indicating that the safety of the crops was secured. The translocation factor of red lettuce and young radish were found to be less than 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. However, continuous introduction of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural arable lands may have negative effects by affecting soil microbial activity and soil microbe species diversity, so continuous management is deemed necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Potoscience Conference
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• spring
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• pp.44-44
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• 1997

• 대한약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2006

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.47-50
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• 2002

Raft is a distinctive membrane domain enriched in a certain class of lipids, cholesterol, and proteins observed on the plasma membrane. Growing evidence has revealed that such membrane domains play key roles in signal transduction, fertilization, development, transmitter release, and so on. Recently, we have isolated raft-like detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fraction from bovine photoreceptor rod outer segments. Transducin and its effecter, cGMP-phosphodiesterase, elicited stimulus-dependent translocation between detergent-soluble membrane and DRM. This suggested potential importance of such distinct membrane domains in vertebrate phototransduction. Here, we will discuss physiological meaning of the translocation of major components of cGMP cascade to raft-like membrane in phototransduction. We would like to propose a hypothesis that raft-like membrane domains on the disk membrane are the place where cGMP cascade system could be quenched.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.456-461
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• 2009

Proteomic analyses of differentially expressed proteins in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) following S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor, treatment were conducted. Of the approximately 314 protein spots that were detected, 19 were differentially expressed in response to treatment with GSNO. Of these, 14 proteins were up-regulated and 5 were down- regulated. Notably, an increase in GAPDH expression following GSNO treatment was detected in RGC-5 cells through Western blotting as well as proteomics. The increased GAPDH expression in response to GSNO treatment was accompanied by an increase in Herc6 protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Moreover, GSNO treatment resulted in the translocation of GADPH from the cytosol to the nucleus and its subsequent accumulation. These results suggest that NO stress-induced apoptosis may be associated with the nuclear translocation and accumulation of GAPDH in RGC-5 cells.