• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.583-590
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• 1994

The longitudinal changes in the transitional milk yields of Korean lactating women(14 primiparae, 11 multiparae) have been studied by test-weighing method in the part of Kangwon Province form 7 day to 15 days postpartum. The transitional milk yields at 7, 10, 15 days postpartum were 531$\pm$148,598$\pm$156 and 639$\pm$169g, respectively. The mean milk yield was 589$\pm$162g from 7 to 15 days postpartum. The transitional milk yields between primiparae and multiparae appeared not significantly different but significantly different between mothers of boys and girl(p<0.05). The distribution of individual transitional milk yields were found 550-649g(28.0%), 450-549g(24.0%), 650-749g(13.3%) and 750-849g(13.3%). The transitional milk yields were not affected by mother's age, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational period and infant's weight at birth but affected by maternal height(p<0.05). Maternal weight reduction during the lactation had no correlation with the transitional milk yeilds.

• 아동학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was the application of sequential analysis to mother-infant interaction data, with particular reference to goodness of fit. The subjects of this study were 22 7- to 16-month-old infants(12 girls and 10 boys) and their mothers. Each mother-infant dyad was videotaped in a 5-min free-play session in the playroom. The videotaped data was transcribed on the behavioral checklist every 3 seconds. The recorded raw data were lagged by one time interval (3 sec.). Transitional probabilities from behavior at time t-1 to behavior at time t were gathered. The statistical analysis of frequency data and transitional probabilities consisted of Z test, t test, and sign test. It was found that regarding 1) direction of effect: the transitional probability of infant vocalization following maternal vocalization was significantly higher than the reverse; the transitional probability of a 'Coacting State' following a 'Mother Active State' was significantly higher than the reverse; the probability of a 'Mother Active State' following 'Quiescent State' was significantly higher than that of a 'Coacting State' following an 'Infant Active State'; 2) sex differences: male infants' transitional probability from an 'Infant Active State' to a 'Quiescent State' was significantly higher than that of female infants; 3) age differences: more than younger infants older infants had higher transitional probabilities from a 'Mother Active State' to a 'Coacting State', from a 'Parallel State' to a 'Coacting State', and from a 'Quiescent State' to a 'Parallel State'. These showed goodness of fit for sex and age differences, particularily for direction of effect.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

The population dynamics of Pandalus gracilis was investigated in the southeastern coastal area of Korea between May 1998 and April 2000. Of the 4,127 specimens, 57% were identified as females, 39% as males, and 4% as transitional hermaphrodites. The number of females was greater than that of males and transexuals. A significant correlation was observed between the number of transitional hermaphrodites and ambient seawater temperature. Growth parameters were estimated using the modified von Bertalanffy growth function model incorporating seasonal variation in growth using the program ELEFAN. Females grew faster and reached a larger size-at-age than males (K=0.65/y and $L_{\infty}$=17.86 mm carapace length [CL] for females; K=0.51/y and $L_{\infty}$=14.70 mm CL for males). Mean size and age (95% confidence limits) at sex transition, calculated from growth parameters, were 7.07 mm carapace length and 1.05 years, respectively. The reproductive strategies of pandalid shrimps are discussed in terms of the type of sex transition.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제2호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1994

This thesis is to research the change in attitude regarding the architectura ornament. One of the key dogmas within Modern Movement of art and design was anti-ornamentalism. The modernist had revolted against ornament and believed that the greatness of the modern age might lay in its inability to produce a new form of ornament. Architectural ornament has been passed through an process of evolution in a decadent stage. In this context, the purpose of this study is to identify historical meaning of architectural ornament in the age of transition toward Modernism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5069-5074
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between methylation status of the Dact1 gene and MTHFR a1298c polymorphic forms in transitional cell carcinoma tissues in a Chinese population. Methods: Polymorphisms of folate metabolism enzyme gene MTHFR were assessed by restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods and PCR-based DNA methylation analysis was used to determine the CpG island methylation status of the Dact1 gene. Associations between the methylation status of the Dact1 gene and clinical characteristics, as well as MTHFR a1298c polymorphisms, were analyzed. Results: aberrant methylation of the Dact1 gene was found in 68.3% of cancer tissues and 12.4% of normal tissues,. The methylation rate of the Dact1 gene in cancer tissues was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (46.3% vs. 17.2%, P = 0.018). No association was found between aberrant DNA methylation and selected factors including sex, age, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and green tea consumption. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, variant allele of MTHFR a1298c was found to be associated with methylation of the Dact1 gene. Compared with wild type CC, the odds ratio was 4.33 (95% CI: 1.06-10.59) for AC and 4.95 (95% CI: 1.18-12.74) for AA. The N stage in TNM staging and the occurrence of lymph node metastasis were associated with an MTHFR 1298 AA+AC genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion: MTHFR 1298 AC and AA genotypes might help maintain a normal methylation status of the Dact1 gene, aberrant CpG island methylation of which is closely related to the genesis and progression of transitional cell carcinoma.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2023

Objectives: The high readmission rate of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has led to the worldwide establishment of proactive measures for identifying and mitigating readmissions. This study aimed to identify factors associated with readmission, as well as groups particularly vulnerable to readmission that require transitional care services. Methods: To apply transitional care services that are compatible with Korea's circumstances, targeted groups that are particularly vulnerable to readmission should be identified. Therefore, using the National Health Insurance Service's Senior Cohort database, we analyzed data from 4874 patients who were first hospitalized with COPD from 2009 to 2019 to define and analyze readmissions within 30 days after discharge. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors correlated with readmission within 30 days. Results: The likelihood of readmission was associated with older age (for individuals in their 80s vs. those in their 50s: odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 2.12), medical insurance type (for workplace subscribers vs. local subscribers: OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.99), type of hospital (those with 300 beds or more vs. fewer beds: OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.90), and healthcare organization location (provincial areas vs. the capital area: OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.41). Conclusions: Older patients, patients holding a local subscriber insurance qualification, individuals admitted to hospitals with fewer than 300 beds, and those admitted to provincial hospitals are suggested to be higher-priority for transitional care services.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4723-4725
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• 2013

Background: Bladder cancer is a major health problem, especially among men. Opium addiction can be an important risk factor. One important question is whether it can affect the age of onset of bladder cancer. We performed this study to evaluate this question. Materials and Methods: In a cross-section study, records of patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma in Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, within 1999-2008 were included. Data were extracted from records regarding age at onset, gender, smoking status, and opioid addiction and analyzed with SPSS 13. Results: Within 10 years, 920 cases were diagnosed with bladder cancer of which 97 percent were transitional cell carcinoma. In 698 cases, opium addiction status was recorded in 21.3% (n=149). Age at diagnosis was $59.7{\pm}11.51$ (median: 60) among opioid addicts which was significantly lower than nonaddicts ($63.1{\pm}13.65$, Median: 65) (P<0.001). Conclusions: Opium addiction can decrease the age of onset of bladder cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4539-4543
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• 2013

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most predominant type of urinary bladder tumor. As cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is recently introduced as an attractive target molecule in bladder TCC, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of this marker and its association with several clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Pathology department of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2006-2011. Ninety-two paraffin embedded blocks were selected from patients with urinary bladder TCC who underwent cystectomy or transurethral resection (TUR). Then, we assessed COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical staining using antibody against COX-2. Staining in more than 5% of tumor cells was considered as positive expression. Results: COX-2 was expressed in 50 % of our patients. This marker was markedly expressed in high grade bladder TCC (62.1%) versus other grades and there was statistically a significant difference in COX-2 expression between various grades (p=0.008). In addition, patients' age, lymphatic and perineurial invasion were associated with the expression of COX-2 (p=0.001, 0.015 and 0.039, respectively). However, other parameters such as stage, tumor size, venous invasion and lymph node metastasis did not show any significant relationship with this marker (all, p>0.05). Conclusions: COX-2 was expressed in urinary bladder TCC especially in high grade forms, advocating its probable role in the differentiation of this tumor. Accordingly, COX-2 could be a valuable biological target molecule in the evaluation and treatment of patients with bladder TCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1131-1132
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• 2013

Background: Upper tract transitional cell carcinomas (UTCC) are relatively uncommon but prognosis is generally worse than TCC of bladder. Methods: Between March 2004 and June 2012, patients with initial non-metastatic UTCC were assessed in the Medical Oncology and Urology Departments of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital. Results: A total of 11 patients with initially non-metastatic UTCC were detected in the 8 year period, all males. Median age of was 62 (range, 38-74). Six lesions were located in the renal pelvis and 5 in the ureter. Nephroureterectomy was performed in 9 patients, and distal ureterectomy and cuff excision of the bladder in the remaining 2. The majority (n= 9) had high grade tumors. Median primary tumor diameter was 3.5 cm (range, 0.7-10). Five patients (45.5%) were stage I, 2 (18.2%) were stage II, and 4 (36.4%) were stage III. While adjuvant chemotherapy was not applied for stage I and II disease (n= 7), 4 to 6 courses were applied for 3 of the stage III patients. Also one stage III case received adjuvant radiotherapy. Up to 100 months follow-up, median overall survival was 13 months (range, 5-100 months). While stage I and II patients are following-up without muscle-invasive progression, 2 of stage III patients demonstrated progression. Conclusion: We need more collaborative studies to determine management of especially pT3-pT4 patients with UTCC.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2024

Objective : The treatment paradigm for acute ischemic stroke has undergone several major changes in the past decade, contributing to improved patient prognosis in clinical practice. However, the extent to which these changes have affected patient prognosis in the real-world is yet to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world impact of modern reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke using data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. Methods : This study included patients aged 18-80 years who were admitted via the emergency room with an I63 code between 2011 and 2020. The rates of intravenous thrombolysis use and endovascular treatment according to the year of admission were investigated. Furthermore, the rates of decompressive craniectomy and 3-month mortality were also analyzed. The 10-year observational period was divided into three periods based on the 2015 guideline change as follows : prior, 2011-2014; transitional, 2015-2016; and modern, 2017-2020. Results : A total of 307117 patients (mean age, 65.7±10.9 years) were included, and most patients were male (59.7%). The rate of endovascular treatment gradually increased during the study period from 0.71% in the prior period to 1.32% in the transitional period and finally to 1.85% in the modern period. Meanwhile, the 3-month mortality rate gradually decreased from 4.78% in the prior period to 4.03% in the transitional period and to 3.71% in the modern period. Conclusion : In Korea, the mortality rate decreased as the rate of modern reperfusion therapy increased in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Overall, technical and scientific advances in reperfusion therapy have improved the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke in Korea.