• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2012

The aim of this study knows to occurrence characteristics and monthly transition of foreign marine debris by changing in the marine environment for the national marine debris monitoring areas in the west coastal area. The Jeju Island (5,112) had the highest number for foreign marine debris flowed in the coast. Many areas in the next were surveyed by Hajo Island (1,967), Imja Island (507). Plastic bottles were the most common type to 2,925 piece of the whole collection. Then, the monthly occurrence amount was concentrated in July, September. At this time, analysis results of the marine environment are as follows: The sea surface wind of southerly or southeasterly were predominated. In addition, the sea surface circulations were dominated by inflow of seawater southward along the China Coast and northward from the East China Sea.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.69-83
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to clarify the early state of modern architecture, specifically mission architecture, with the introduction of the Christianity, and for the goal it deals with the architectural activities of pioneer missionaries. Especially it is a piece in a series of those researches after on Graham Lee, and it is focused on the other representative missionary, R. M. Wilson, A. M. Sharrocks, and C. A. Clark. Although coming in the capacity of a medical doctor or an educator, they should play all kinds of roles, such as carpenters, educators, and officers. For this mission, even they didn't have a professional knowledge for construction, they should carried on to establish mission compounds, only with their experience and informations. In this process they needed to be assisted by Korean carpenters, surely. The architectures born by them-selves are designed with a unique eclectic style compounded with those of Korean traditional and occidental. That is to say, the pioneer missionaries made a profound influence to create a new tradition of modern architecture in Korea, which is called as Korean-occidental eclectic style in the period of transition. Moreover, some pioneer missionary, such as Sharrocks, took a part in education of architectural skills. The educated carpenters seemed to be called from outside, and the unique styles could get spread away. On this point this paper has the meaning to clarify historically the continuous development of the Korean architecture through the survey on their activities, on the contrary of the existed recognition that Korean modern architecture has been evaluated to be imported from outside; therefore having a crevice with the its own architectural tradition.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2011

This study intended to present a new direction of differentiated and innovative furniture design for small living space overcoming the uniformity of conventional small living. In order to achieve these goals, a new piece of furniture with multi functions useful for such small space has been designed and explained in this study. This new type multi-functional furniture can be utilized as kitchen, dining table, home bar or office stand depending on the user's necessity. In particular, it provides more adaptability to changing life and spatial availabilities for small living space in terms of space division, separation and fusion features. Based on the needs of small living space brought by social changes, the conventional concept of small living space, which divides space by partitions or walls, should be changed into flexible perception of space. Also, this research proposed the features of furniture design for functional shifts in terms of its functional, structural, and systematical aspects. In this respect, space can be regarded as a variable place and the image of space can be differently appreciated by means of shift, functional transition and mobility. That is, small living space can be perceived as kitchen, living space or working space at the same time. In conclusion, the versatile use of limited space can be a solution to the issues related to small living space; the convertible and movable furniture called F4 Island presented in this study can transform such spatially limited space into a space with multiple functions to meet the requirements of its residents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.235-243
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• 2008

This research show how Shin Han-Seong make up Taekkyeon to register to intangible cultural assets, and found next conclusion and meaning. First, skill organization of Song Duk-Ki Taekkeon that is only one modem Taekkeon's initiator have been transmitted for a piece of skills of playing figure which don't have regular system. But Taekkyeon which have regular system have been developed by Shin Han-Seong, finally Taekkyeon is approved to intangible cultural assets. Second, Shin Han-Seong modernized Taekkyeon by borrowing training system of Judo, Fencing, Hapgido, Taekwondo, Karate. But people criticize that Song Duk-Ki Taekkeon is not initiate with original thing. Third, Shin Han-Seong made the grade classification and practical technique screening, Bon-Dae Buigi Twelve part like Pomse of Taekwondo (there is no for traditional Taekkyeon). And he contributed to popularization and modernized learning system by pursuiting sportization. Through this research geared up Taekkyeon's original shape and generational outline about skill transition or composition. And it gave important data for understand about Taekkyeon controversy which scattered.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.161-170
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• 2023

In this study, our primary focus was on preserving the unique characteristics inherent to the medium of printmaking art, such as cultural implications and formal features, during the digital transformation of traditional printmaking. We investigated methods to incorporate augmented reality (AR) technology into the creation process of traditional printmaking. To help understand the intended fusion of traditional printmaking art and AR technology in this digital transition era, we categorized AR artworks into four types and conducted an analysis of various AR artwork examples from across the globe. From this analysis, we derived the methodologies and design directions for combining AR technology with traditional printmaking. Moreover, we created an AR printmaking piece based on the author's artwork "Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter," thereby demonstrating the significant role AR technology can play in the evolution of printmaking. Through this research, we were able to verify the potential and value of AR printmaking as an immersive art form capable of providing a more expansive narrative.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.61-94
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• 2018

This article examined that the historical changes and current significance of the Jaedam(재담) and the Xiangsheng(相聲), one of the traditional Korean and Chinese language games. Both Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng are representative language games and traditional performing arts for laughing. The origin of the Jaedam can be traced back to Uheui(우희). Uheui has been called Changyouxi in China, Bae Woo-hee, and Jo Hee in Korea. Uheui is the most traditional language game and a variety of performances were derived from its spreading and inheriting process. Among them, Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng can be said to be a piece of art that has successfully inherited Uheui tradition. From the late 18th century, Korean Jaedam were established as independent performance arts, and became highly active in many performance by professional joker Park Chun-jae and other performers. With the development of gramophone record in the early 20th century, the Jaedam was mainly made on the theater stage and radio. At this time, the new performance art of 'Mandam(만담)' was derived from the Jaedam, which focused more on satire current events and criticizing the social situation. Mandam has been popular for a long time and then extinct in the 21st century. The jaedam have been handed down only in the Korean traditional performance so far. Meanwhile, Chinese Xiangsheng, which was built in the mid-19th century, a bit later than Korean Jaedam, was initially considered to be a vulgar art of the lower class, but finally became popular in the early 20th century. In the mid-20th century, Xiangsheng was transformed into a new character, which mainly deals with social praise and edification of the masses. But since 'New Xiangsheng' does not focous on a satire on social conditions, the humor has been reduced. In the early 21st century, Xiangsheng was on the verge of extinction just like Mandam, but through the efforts of young actors to revive tradition, another reformation of this art was made to return to tradition and small theater. Currently, the 'traditional Xiangsheng', which has returned to tradition, is once again receiving the love and support of the Chinese audience. Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng have many similarities in terms of history and recruitment, but they are now in different fates. There is also a great deal in common ground in terms of the content and form of the two arts. In the case of Xiangsheng, it is one of the traditional folk art forms which is still loved by the Chinese people and has become one of the most important traditional performances. On the other hand, in Korea, Jaedam as independent performance arts has disappeared and now only can be seen in traditional performances such as 'Korean mask theater'. The fact that Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng have undergone similar changes in their spreading and inheriting process, while Korean Jaedam have disappeared and Chinese Xiangsheng is well preserved. The reason can be confirmed through the main idea of this article.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

While they are becoming more viable, synthetic natural gas (SNG) plants, with their high temperatures and pressures, are still heavily dependent on advancements in the state-of-the-art technologies. However, most of the current work in the literature is focused on optimizing chemical processes and process variables, with little work being done on relevant mechanical damage and maintenance engineering. In this study, a combination of pipe system stress analysis and detailed local stress analysis was implemented to prioritize the inspection locations for main pipes of SNG plant in accordance to ASME B31.3. A pipe system stress analysis was conducted for pre-selecting critical locations by considering design condition and actual operating conditions such as heat-up and cool-down. Identified critical locations were further analyzed using a finite element method to locate specific high-stress points. Resultant stress values met ASME B31.3 code standards for the gasification reactor and lower transition piece (bend Y in Fig.1); however, it is recommended that the vertical displacement of bend Y be restricted more. The results presented here provide valuable information for future risk based maintenance inspection and further safe operation considerations.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.52-77
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• 2016

A spirit tablet of king Guan Yu is enshrined in Donggwanwangmyo shrine[East Shrine of King Guan Yu], which houses 51 hanging boards. The hanging boards were written by the kings of Joseon Dynasty and envoys and generals of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most studies on hanging boards have been focused on the collections of the palaces but not on those in Donggwanwangmyo shrine. In this regard, this study researches the hanging boards of the kings' writings in the late Joseon period and analyzes their forms and contents. In terms of contents, it examines who made the boards, when they made them, and what brought them to make them, etc. This study analyzes the forms of hanging boards by types, used materials, and periodic transition of forms. The findings are as follows. First, Donggwanwangmyo shrine houses 7 pieces of hanging boards inscribed with kings' handwriting: one piece of King Sukjong, 4 pieces of King Yeongjo, and 2 pieces of Emperor Gojong. They are divided into two types: one is the name of the buildings and the other is the poems that the kings wrote regarding what they felt when they visited the shrine. Especially, the latter were written by the kings who visited the shrine in spring and autumn. The kings intended to promote peace of royal family through a sense of royalty and fidelity of King Guan Yu. Second, the hanging boards of the kings are differentiated from those of the envoys and generals of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in materials and forms. The background of the board is colored by blue, deep red lacquer color, and black lacquer color, which are more expensive than black color or white color. The hanging boards are embossed with the kings' handwritings and then colored with gold. The frame-style four-side hanging board is held at a 45-degree angle and painted with floral patterns and seven-treasure patterns in Dancheong technique. The left and right sides and the top and bottom sides of the board are decorated with Dang-cho pattern(Korean arabesque pattern). This style is called "quadrilateral"and considered the most classy and top-class among the other three ones. In conclusion, this study confirms the status of Donggwanwangmyo shrine with hanging boards inscribed with kings' handwritings as a political space where kings had interest and demanded their soldiers' royalty and fidelity. Research into the boards inscribed with the handwritings of envoys of the Ming Dynasty and generals of the Qing Dynasty, and the comparison of the styles and periodic transition of forms will be reserved for another study.