• 한국유변학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유변학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.81-84
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• 2006

Slot coating process, in continuous and patch modes, has been applied for the many precise coating products, e.g., flat panel displays and second batteries. However, manufacturing uniform coating products is not a trivial task at high-speed operations because various flow instabilities or defects such as leaking, bubbles, ribbing, and rivulets are frequently observed in this process. It is no wonder, therefore, that many efforts to understand the various aspects of dynamics and coating windows of this process have been made both in academia and industry. In this study, as the first topic, flow dynamics within the coating bead in slot coating process has been investigated using the one-dimensional viscocapillary model by lubrication approximation and two-dimensional model by Flow-3D software. Especially, operability windows in both 1D and 2D cases with various slot die lip designs have been successfully portrayed. Also, effects of process conditions like viscosity and coating gap size on slot coating window have been analyzed. Also, some experiments to find minimum coating thickness and coating windows have been conducted using slot die coater implemented with flow visualization device, corroborating the numerical results. As the second topic, flow dynamics of both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids in patch or pattern slot coating process, which is employed in manufacturing IT products such as secondary batteries, has been investigated for the purpose of optimal process designs. As a matter of fact, the flow control in this system is more difficult than in continuous case because od its transient or time-dependent nature. The internal die and die lip designs for patterned uniform coating products have been obtained by controlling flow behaviors of coating liquids issuing from slot. Numerical simulations have been performed using Fluent and Flow-3D packages. Flow behavior and pressure distribution inside the slot die has been compared with various die internal shapes and geometries. In the coating bead region, efforts to reduce irregular coating defects in head and tail parts of one patterned coating unit have been tried by changing die lip shapes. It has been concluded that optimal die internal design gas been developed, guaranteeing uniform velocity distribution of both Newtonian and shear thinning fluids at the die exit. And also optimal die lip design has been established, providing the longer uniform coating layer thickness within one coating unit.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.799-818
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• 1995

This study was performed to examine the general anesthetic efficacy of tiletamine-zolazepam, a mixture of phencyclidine-derived tiletamine and benzodiazepine-related zolazepam. The antagonistic activities of doxapram and yohimbine to the anesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam were also studied. Thirty healthy mongrel dogs were divided into three groups (each of 10) twenty minutes after being anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam : T-Z-S group(tiletamine-zolazepam-saline), T-Z-D group (tiletamine -zolazepam-doxapram), T-Z-Y group (tiletamine-zolaz.pam-yohim bine). Various parameters wert evaluated in terms of the onset and recovery time of analgesia, respiration rates, hear rates, body temperature, electrocardiogram, blood chemistry, and lymphocyte blastogenesis. The results obtained through these experiment could be summarized as follows: 1. he anesthetic efficacy of tiletamine-zolazepam was considered desirable, with the onset time of anesthesia being as short as 0.23-0.24 minutes. 2. Both of the antagonistic effects of yohimbine and doxapram on the anesthesia induced by liletamine-zolazepan were evaluated statistically significant(p<0.05) as the recovery time was shortened from 39.3$\pm$4.9 min(T-Z-S group) to 25.3$\pm$2.9 nin(T-Z-Y group) and 29.9$\pm$8.8min(T-Z-D group), respectively. 3. Respiration rates were not changed by the treatments of both doxapram and yohimbine, with the only transient increase in the T-Z-D group. The changes in the respiration rate were not observed during the whole time course of the experiment. 4. Yohimbine(T-Z-Y group) increased the heart rate significantly from 30 minutes after the adminstration compared to the T-Z-S group and T-Z-D group (p<0.05). 5. The decreases in th, body temporature were observed from 30 minutes in the T-Z-S group(p<0.05) and 40 minutes in th, T-Z-D group(p<0.05), after the adminstration. On the other hand, there was no hypothermia in the T-Z-Y group. 6. In the all experimental groups of the T-Z-S, T-Z-D and T-Z-Y, there were no specific findings on the electrocardiograph incept slight shift to the tachycardia in all cases. 1. We could not find any differences in the blood chemistry between all experimental groups (T-Z-S, T-Z-D and T-Z-Y). 8. the inhibition of the lymphocyte blastogenesis shown in the T-Z-S with 3 hours decreasing and thereafter restoring to the normal values up to the point 5 hours were not occurred in the T-Z-D and T-Z-Y groups. With the above results, we could conclude that both doxapram and yohimbine can be clinically used as recovery agents towards anesthesia by tiletamine- zolazepam fi:on the efficacy point of view, but yohimbine is more recommendable in this case if considering the recovery time and lymphocyte blastogenesis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

본 회고 연구에서는 동맥관 개존증에 이환된 개에서 심장중재술을 통한 치료증례의 임상적 특징과 치료예후를 조사하였다. 환축의 구성을 보면, 말티스와 암컷이 차지하는 비중이 컸다. Bounding pulse와 좌심저부의 심잡음이 가장 대표적인 신체검사 소견이며, differential cyanosis은 매우 드물게 관찰되었다. 심전도상 특징은 좌심종대소견과 동성빈맥이였다. 흉부방사선상 좌심실 종대와 대동맥 확장을 동반한 triple bumps가 대표적인 소견이 였다. 심초음파상 특징은 좌심실 종대를 동반한 폐동맥 단축단면상 심각한 와류 소견이였으며, 다수의 환자에서 이첨판 역류 소견도 관찰되었다. 37증례 중 32증례에서 thromboemolic coils (TCE)이나 Amplatz canine ductal occluder (ACDO)를 이용한 심장 중제술적 치료가 실시되었다. 일시적인 혈색소뇨가 관찰되었고 장착된 코일이나 ACDO가 이탈되는 부작용이 확인되었다. 하지만 장기 관찰이 가능했던 29증례에서 특별한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2018

다양한 미생물학 연구 분야의 발전에 힘입어 유전체역학은 발전되어 왔다. 예를 들어, 대용량서열화 기술의 발전으로 미생물 유전체의 수는 급속도로 증가해 오고 있다. 이러한 풍부한 유전체 데이터는 전에는 보지 못한 보다 더 정확한 미생물종의 동정에 도움을 주는 균주종 타이핑에 새로운 기회를 제공한다. 유전체역학은 유전체에 일반적인 유전자를 찾고 표기하는 것 뿐만 아니라 항균 저항성 유전자를 찾을 수 있다. 균주종 타이핑과 항균 저항성 유전자 찾기는 각각 종을 구분하고 유전체내의 유전자 위치를 결정하는 유전체 역학의 방법들로 시간에 따른 변화가 없는 측면이다. 이에 반하여, 하나의 숙주가 어떤 숙주를 감염시켰는지 알아내기 위해서는 감염된 숙주들 사이의 시간에 따른 동적인 전염 경로를 추론해야 한다. 이렇게, 균주종 타이핑, 항균 저항성 유전자 찾기, 전염 계통수 추론을 통하여 유전체역학의 궁극적인 목표 중 하나인 미생물성 전염병을 보다 효율적으로 감시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그리고, 대용량서열화 기술 중, 3세대 서열화기술 중 하나인 옥스포드 나노포어 MinION의 보다 나은 휴대성과 빠른 서열화의 성능 덕분에 유전체역학은 더 많은 발전을 거듭할 것으로 보인다. 이에, 본 연구는 항균 저항성 유전자를 찾고 전염병 경로를 추론하는 계산적인 방법에 대하여 살펴보고, 미생물 유전체역학에서 MinION이 응용된 예들에 대하여 논하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.241-259
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• 2013

충전층을 이용한 열에너지저장 시스템은 자갈이나 콘크리트와 같은 열저장매질과 공기나 오일과 같은 열전달유체를 이용하여 현열에너지를 저장하는 방식으로서, 저장매질의 경제성과 화학적 안정성, 시스템 구축의 용이성 등 많은 장점이 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 충전층을 이용한 열에너지저장 기술에 대하여 개략적으로 소개하고, 이러한 열에너지저장소의 에너지 수지와 성능 효율을 분석하기 위한 수치 모델을 제시하였다. 유한차분법을 이용하여 저장소 내 1차원 비정상 열전달 해석을 수행하였으며, 반복적인 주입과 토출에 따른 충전층의 온도분포와 외부로의 손실 에너지를 계산하였다. 해석모델은 AA-CAES(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage)와 연계된 고온의 열에너지저장시스템으로 저장소가 지하암반 내에 위치하는 경우와 지상에 위치하는 경우를 모사하고, 성능효율 및 열손실률을 비교 분석하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2003

This study investigated the effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang on cerebral ischemia of the rats. Considering age-related impact on cerebral ischemia, aged rats (18 months old) were used for this study. Ischemic damage was induced by the transient occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries(BCAO) under the hypotension. Yanggyuksanhwa-tang was administered twice orally. Then changes of immunohistochemical expression of c-fos and c-jun in ischemic damaged hippocampus were observed. The BCAO in aged rats led significant increase of c-fos expression in CA1 and DG of hippocampus. While the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of c-fos expression in CA1 hippocampus following BCAO ischemia. Depending on changes of the normalized optical density(NOD) of immunohistochemical c-fos expression, the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of NOD in CA1 and DG of hippocampus. And there was not changes in CA2 and CA3 hippocampus with respect to the control BCAO group. The BCAO in aged rats led significant increase of c-jun expression in CA1 hippocampus. While the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of c-jun expression in CA1 hippocampus following BCAO ischemia. Depending on changes of the NOD of immunohistochemical c-jun expression, the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of NOD in CA1 hippocampus. And there was not changes in CA2, CA3 and DG of hippocampus with respect to the control BCAO group.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2003

장출혈성 대장균에 의한 식중독의 대규모 집단발생이 2003년 5월부터 9월까지 국내에서 발생하였다. 오염된 학교 급식을 통해 감염된 환자들은 주로 서울과 경기도에서 발생하였다. 이 식중독의 결과로, 2003년 한 해, 총 36명의 환자들이 용혈성 요독 증후군으로 진단되었고, 그 중 5명의 환자가 본원을 방문하였다. 올해 대규모 집단 발생 이전에 저자들은 지난 14년간 본원에서 총23명의 용혈성 요독 증후군 환자들을 보고하였는데, 이들은 모두 췌장 효소의 상승이 없었다. 지난 14년간의 보고와는 달리, 올해의 용혈성 요독 증후군 환자들은 심한 복통과 2명에서 현저한 췌장 효소의 상승을 보였다. 저자들은 2003년에 유행하였던 용혈성 요독 증후군 환자 중에서 췌장염을 일시적으로 동반하였던 2례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2003

홍화씨가 골절, 골다공증 및 골형성부전증 등의 골 질환 치료에 효과가 있다는 것이 알려져 민간요법으로 사용되고 있으나 홍화씨의 어떤 성분이 이러한 작용을 하는지에 관해서는 거의 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 흥화씨의 sterol 조성을 분석하고 폐경기 여성들의 골다공증 치료에 사용되고 있는 합성 estrogen 대체물질로써 그 기능이 확인된 phytoestrogen 활성을 측정하였다. Cholesterol에서 성호르몬인 estrogen이 합성되는 것처럼 식물 sterol 도 phytoestrogen 합성을 위한 전구체 작용을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 홍화씨에 존재하는 식물성 sterol은 stigmast-5-en-3-ol (3$\beta$, 24S)-form인 ${\gamma}$-sitosterol (clionasterol)로 확인되었으며 홍화에 존재하는 식물성 sterol의 함량은 총지질의 약 4%를 함유하였다. 홍화씨의 sterol 분석은 GC-MS와 Wiley MS spectrum library를 사용하여 분석하였으며 홍화씨에 존재하는 중요한 4-desmethyl sterols 에는 sitosterol 만이 확인되었다. 홍화씨의 식물성 estrogen 효과는 $\beta$-estradiol ($10^{-8}$ M)의 활성을 1로 했을 때 홍화씨의 에탄을 층(5 mg/ml) 및 메탄올 층(5 mg/ml)에서 각각 0.37과 0.43으로 estrogen 유사효과를 나타내었다(ANOVA p<0.001). 홍화씨에 포함된 estrogen에 의한 전사활성 촉진은 MCF7/pDS-CAT-ERE119-Ad2MLP system을 사용하여 estrogen수용체와 reporter gene 발현을 이용하는 방법으로 세포에 직접 처리함으로써 phytoestrogen 활성을 측정할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

Objectives : Transient inflammation has been demonstrated to alter visceral sensory function in animal models and acute mucosal inflammation may precede the manifestation of visceral hyperalgesia. Thus in this study we compared effects of herbal acupuncture of Nidus Vespae (NV) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods : In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250 ~ 400 g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Under general anesthesia, acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), SI25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by NV. Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hrs after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results : The expression of c-Fos protein in L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hrs after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal group. NV herbal acupuncture also inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol but not L6 s.c., LC, and PAG. NV to ST36 inhibited significantly the c-Fos expression in Sol and PAG. NV to ST25 inhibited the c-Fos protein expression all over the observation area. NV to BL25 showed the inhibitory effects in the areas except LC. Whether or not a role of endogenous opioids, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30 ug / 30 ul) was applied before the 2nd herbal acupuncture treatment 24 hrs after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem under different conditions such as type of herbal acupuncture compound and choice of acupoint. Conclusions : In summary, these data show that herbal acupuncture of NV inhibits signal pathways such as spinal cord and brain stem ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis. This effect may be mediated by acupoints through the endogenous opioid system involving the pain modulation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2009

The transcription of soybean (Glycine max) calmodulin isoform-4 (GmCaM-4) is dramatically induced within 0.5 h of exposure to pathogen or NaCl. Core cis-acting elements that regulate the expression of the GmCaM-4 gene in response to pathogen and salt stress were previously identified, between -1,207 and -1,128 bp, and between -858 and -728 bp, in the GmCaM-4 promoter. Here, we characterized the properties of the DNA-binding complexes that form at the two core cis-acting elements of the GmCaM-4 promoter in pathogen-treated nuclear extracts. We generated GUS reporter constructs harboring various deletions of approximately 1.3-kb GmCaM-4 promoter, and analyzed GUS expression in tobacco plants transformed with these constructs. The GUS expression analysis suggested that the two previously identified core regions are involved in inducing GmCaM-4 expression in the heterologous system. Finally, a transient expression assay of Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that the GmCaM-4 promoter produced greater levels of GUS activity than did the CaMV35S promoter after pathogen or NaCl treatments, suggesting that the GmCaM-4 promoter may be useful in the production of conditional gene expression systems.