• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 1998

Stimulatory effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth $factor-{\alpha}$($TGF-{\alpha}$) on the growth of squamous cancer cell lines established from human oral cancer tissue with moderate differentiation were studied in vitro. After culturing in serum-free media for 24 hours, growth factors-EGF only, $TGF-{\alpha}$ only and EGF, $TGF-{\alpha}$ together-were added to the media and numbers of cells were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and compared with the control at 96, 144 hours. Each of EGF and $TGF-{\alpha}$ showed statistically significant stimulatory effects on the growth of cells respectively. Dose-dependent relationship of the stimulatory effects were not clearly demonstrated. The effects of EGF were higher than those of $TGF-{\alpha}$ and combinative administration showed higher effects than those of single uses. In conclusion, EGF may play an important and major role in differentiation and growth of human oral squamous cancer cells. $TGF-{\alpha}$, produced from cells activated by EGF, also can stimulate the cell growth and could be an alternative ligand for EGF receptor.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1997

The present study examined the effects of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and transforming growth factor-$\alpha$(TGF-$\alpha$) on in vitro maturation of porcine follicular oocytes. Basic medium used TCM-HEPES, and oocytes cultured for 42 hours in vitro. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The nuclear maturation rates of EGF-treated groups(10ng/ml, 75.9% ; 30ng/ml, 69.2% ; 50ng/ml, 67.2% ; 100ng/ml, 71.0%) on the porcine oocytes cultured in medium without pFF in vitro were significantly(P<0.01) higher than those of non-treated group(57.1%). When the oocytes were cultured in media with 10%(v/v) pFF, the nuclear maturation rates of 30ng EGF/ml(77.1%) treated group were significantly(P<0.01) higher than those of non-(59.2%) and EGF-treated groups(10ng/ml, 65.4% ; 50ng/ml, 65.5% ; 100ng/ml, 70.4%). 2. The nuclear maturation rates of 30ng TGF-$\alpha$/ml treated group(71.9%) in media without pFF in vitro were significatnly(P<0.01) higher than those of non-(57.1%) and TGF-$\alpha$ treated groups(10ng/ml, 60.4% ; 50ng/ml, 65.4% ; 100ng/ml, 60.0%). When the oocytes were cultured in media with 10%(v/v) pFF, the nuclear maturation rates of 30 and 50ng TGF-$\alpha$/ml(77.4% and 79.6%) treated groups(10ng/ml, 64.2% ; 100ng/ml, 61.6%). 3. On the effect of EGF(30ng/ml) and/or TGF-$\alpha$(30ng/ml) treated groups in medium without pFF in vitro, the nuclear maturation rates indicated 57.3, 60.4, 75.9 and 79.7% in media with no EGF & TFG-$\alpha$, TGF-$\alpha$ only, EGF only nad EGF＋TGF-$\alpha$ treated groups, respectively. The nuclear maturation rates in medium with EGF only or EGF＋TGF-$\alpha$ were significantly(P<0.01) higher than those non- and TGF-$\alpha$ treated groups. When the oocytes were cultured in media with 10%(v/v) pFF, the nuclear maturation ratesof EGF＋TGF-$\alpha$ treated group(75.9%) were significantly(P<0.01) higher than those of non-(59.2%), TGF-$\alpha$ only (64.2%) and EGF only(69.4%) treated groups.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.340-347
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• 1994

원발성 위암환자로 확진받은 환자들의 암조직과 암조직 주위의 정상점막 조직을 대조군으로 사용하여, $TGF-{\alpha}$와 이에 대한 결합력을 갖고 있는 EGF-Receptor에 대한 mRNA를 면역세포화학적 방법과 in situ hybridization방법을 결합하여 규명하였다. 성장한 세포에서 발견되지 않는 $TGF-{\alpha}$가 위암환자의 조직학적으로는 정상적으로 간주되는 위점막 조직에서 발견된 점으로 미루어 $TGF-{\alpha}$가 암의 분화에 적극적으로 개입하고 있다는 증거가 된다. EMB-11 항체를 사용한 면역세포 화학적 방법에 의해 macrophage를 발견하고, macrophage cell에서 $TGF-{\alpha}$와 EGF-R mRNA가 발현됨을 규명할 수 있었다. 또한 단클론 항체를 이용해 EGF-R에 해당하는 단백질을 발견하였다. CEA를 이용한 면역세포화학 실험에서 정상으로 간주되는 위점막 조직에서 암 세포를 규명하였다. 특히, macrophage cell의 활동이 암의 증식과 더불어 증가하고 있다는 점을 관찰할 수 있었다. 위암과 검사 방법으로서 본 실험에서 사용된 면역세포화학적 기법과 in situ hybridization방법을 사용하여 생검을 통한 조직을 대상으로 성장인자에 대한 검사를 함으로써 정확한 위암의 발생과 진행에 대한 판단을 내리는데 이용할 수 있고 실용성이 있다고 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.492-501
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• 1995

연구배경: TGF-$\alpha$는 세포증식을 자극하는 기능을 갖는 순기능 조절인자들 중 하나이며 autocrine 또는 paracrine기전에 의하여 그성장을 조절하며, 발암과정 및 종양세포의 성장에 중요한 역할을 한다. 반면 TGF-$\beta$는 세포의 증식을 억제하는 역기능 성장인자로 작용하며, G1기에서 S기로의 이행을 억제하여 성장의 정지에 관여하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 방법: 저자들은 10예의 정상대조군 및 소세포암종 및 비소세포암종을 포함한 인체 폐암종 총 47예에서 TGF-$\alpha$와 TGF-$\beta$의 발현상태를 알고자 이들의 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학적 염색을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과 TGF-$\alpha$는 정상 대조군 10예중 2예(20%)의 기관지 상피에서, 인체 폐암종 47예중 35예(74.5%)의 암세포질에서 산발적으로 발현이 되었다. TGF-$\beta$는 정상대조군 10예중 8예의 기관지 상피에서, 인체 폐암종 47예중 8예(17.0%)의 암세포질에서 산발적인 발현을 보였다. 결론: 이와 같은 성적은 인체 폐암종에 있어서 TGF-$\alpha$의 발현과다는 autocrine loop에 의한 수용체를 통하여 그 성장을 자극함으로써 폐암종의 발생 및 성장에 중요한 인자로 관여 한 것으로 생각되며, TGF-$\beta$의 발현감소는 세포성장의 역조절 기능의 억제로 인해 폐암종의 발생과 성장을 조장하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.102-102
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• 2003

Embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferate extensively in the undifferentiated state and have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types in response to various environmental cues. The generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from ES cells is promising for cell replacement therapy to treat Parkinson's disease. We compared the in vitro differentiation potential of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cells induced with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or retinoic acid (RA). Both types of treatment resulted in similar neural cell differentiation patterns at the terminal differentiation stage, specifically, 75% neurons and 11% glial cells. Additionally, treatment of hES cells with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or transforming growth factor (TGF)- $\alpha$ during the terminal differentiation stage led to significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, compared to control (P<0.05). In contrast, no effect was observed on the rate of mature or glutamic acid decarboxylase-positive neurons. Immunostaining and HPLC analyses revealed the higher levels of TH (20.3%) and dopamine in bFGF and TGF-$\alpha$ treated hES cells than in RA or BDNF treated hES cells. The results indicate that TGF-$\alpha$ may be successfully used in the bFGF induction protocol to yield higher numbers of functional dopaminergic neurons from hES cells.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2020

Objective: Endometrial fibrosis, the primary pathological feature of intrauterine adhesion, may lead to disruption of endometrial tissue structure, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss. At present, no ideal therapeutic strategy exists for this fibrotic disease. Eupatilin, a major pharmacologically active flavone from Artemisia, has been previously reported to act as a potent inducer of dedifferentiation of fibrotic tissue in the liver and lung. However, the effects of eupatilin on endometrial fibrosis have not yet been investigated. In this study, we present the first report on the impact of eupatilin treatment on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced endometrial fibrosis. Methods: The efficacy of eupatilin on TGF-β-induced endometrial fibrosis was assessed by examining changes in morphology and the expression levels of fibrosis markers using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eupatilin treatment significantly reduced the fibrotic activity of TGF-β-induced endometrial fibrosis in Ishikawa cells, which displayed more circular shapes and formed more colonies. Additionally, the effects of eupatilin on fibrotic markers including alpha-smooth muscle actin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, collagen type I alpha 1 chain, and matrix metalloproteinase-2, were evaluated in TGF-β-induced endometrial fibrosis. The expression of these markers was highly upregulated by TGF-β pretreatment and recovered to the levels of control cells in response to eupatilin treatment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that suppression of TGF-β-induced signaling by eupatilin might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endometrial fibrosis.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1994년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.159.1-159
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• 1994

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1999

Ganoderan (GAN), an immunomodulating ${\beta}$-glucan from mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, was evaluated for its ability to induce formation of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) and transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}$) from rat Kupffer cell in vitro. Hepatic macrophages activated by GAN significantly elevated concentration of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ in cultured medium, but not significantly elevated that of TGF-${\beta}$. GAN-activated Kupffer cells secrete 14.9${\mu}$M (p<0.01) of NO and 2619.5${\rho}$g/ml (p<0.01) of TNF-${\alpha}$after 36hr of incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$. The results revealed that GAN enhanced 4-fold production of NO and 19 fold formation of TNF-${\alpha}$ compared to the control. The proliferation of GAN-activated Kupffer cells was inhibited as compared with its negative control. Comparing the activity among glucans derived from microorganisms, highly branched zymosan, glucomannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$ and NO production. These results indicate that the ${\beta}$-glucan from G. lucidum activates rat Kupffer cell and secretes NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. It also suggest that rat Kupffer cell posses certain receptor for ${\beta}$-anomeric glucan.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.137.2-137.2
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify that the expressions of angiogenin, transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-${\beta}$), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease(APEX) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) were associated with the tumorigenesis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Materials and Methods: Fifty-one samples of OSCC and fifteen normal oral mucosae were obtained to analyze the expression levels of above five factors. mRNA expressions were quantified by the quantitative competitive PCR(QC-PCR) method. After 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide, the concentration of mRNA was calculated by a digital image analysis system. The expression levels of angiogenin, TGF-${\beta}$, VEGF, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$ were compared by unpaired Student's t-tests between cancer and normal tissues. We analyzed statistically to find the cut-off values that would be useful as diagnostic markers, and the linear regression analysis between every two factors of these five factors by SAS system. Results: All of these five factors (angiogenin: P<0.0037, TGF-${\beta}$: P<0.0001, VEGF: P<0.0102, APEX: P<0.0023, TNF-${\alpha}$: P<0.0074) were significantly correlated with OSCC. In the analysis to find the cut-off values for the diagnosis, we could not find any value that had a reasonable sensitivity and specificity. In the linear regression analysis, there were correlations between angiogenin and TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}$ and VEGF, TGF-${\beta}$ and APEX, TGF-${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, VEGF and APEX, VEGF and TNF-${\alpha}$, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusion: Our results suggest that not only angiogenin, TGF-${\beta}$, VEGF, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$ are significantly associated with the tumorigenesis, but also the close relationship between these factors might enhance the tumorigenesis of OSCC. We can not find clinical availability for diagnosis.