• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.343-355
• /
• 2006

Stem cells are unique cell populations with the ability to undergo both self-renewal and differentiation, although a wide variety of adult stem cells as well as embryonic stem cells have been identified and stem cell plasticity has recently been reported. To identify genes implicated in the control of the stem cell state as well as the characteristics of each stem cell line, we analyzed the expression profiles of genes in human embryonic, hematopoietic ($CD34^+$ and $CD133^+$), and mesenchymal stem cells using cDNA microarrays, and identified genes that were differentially expressed in specific stem cell populations. In particular we were able to identify potential hESC signature-like genes that encode transcription factors (TFAP2C and MYCN), an RNA binding protein (IMP-3), and a functionally uncharacterized protein (MAGEA4). The overlapping sets of 22 up-regulated and 141 down-regulated genes identified in this study of three human stem cell types may also provide insight into the developmental mechanisms common to all human stem cells. Furthermore, our comprehensive analyses of gene expression profiles in various adult stem cells may help to identify the genetic pathways involved in self-renewal as well as in multi-lineage specific differentiation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2003

D-type cyclin은 호르몬과 영양분의 영향을 받아 세포주기의 G1기에서 S기로 전환을 조절하는 인자이다. 우리는 감자에서 이 유전자를 분리 해냈고, 염기서열 분석을 통하여 D3 cyclin으로 분류하였다. 그리고 StCycD3;1이라 명명하였다. 다른 D cyclin유전자가 세포 분열이 활발한 조직에서 발현되는 것과 같이 StCycD3;1은 감자의 괴경, 뿌리, 꽃, 잎, 줄기, 뿌리줄기, 복지에서 다양한 발현 양상을 보였고, 영양분의 하나인 sucrose에 의하여 발현이 유도되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Plant Biology Environmental Stress and Photosynthesis
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 1999

A puc -deleted cell of Rhodobacter sphaeroides grows with a doubling time longer than 160 h under the light-limiting photoheterotrophic ( 3 Watts [W]/㎡) conditions due to an absence of the peripheral light-harvesting B800-850 complex. A spontaneous fast-growing mutant, R.sphaeroides SK101 was ioslate dto have∼40-h doubling at 3 Watts/㎡, while the growth of the mutant was not distinguished from its parental strain during both aerobic and light-saturating photoheterotrphic (10W/㎡) growth. The B875 complex of SK101 under the light-limiting conditions was elevated by 20 to 30% compared with that of the puc -deleted cell, reflecting parallel increase of bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the mutant. The formation of B875 complex of SK101 under the anaerobic dark conditions with dimethylsulfoxide was the same as that of the puc-deleted cell. suggesting that the mutation of SK101 result in the altered control of B875 complex formation by light. When puc is restored in SK101 , it is not B875 complex but B800-850 complex which formation is elevated. The mutation of SK101 affected the bchF transcription most drastically to show two to tenfold increase during both aerobic and photoheterotrophic growth. The mutated phenotype of SK101 was complemented with pW2, which contains approximately 100-kb HNA of the photosynthetic gene clusters. The complementing DNA was narrowed down to a 1.1-kb DNA containing orfQ and pufKBA . The mutation of SK101 appeared to be exerted through the mutation of the orfQ gene encoding a putative bacteriochlorophyll -mobilizing protein.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.269-279
• /
• 2005

Okso, Keun Seob($1671\sim1759$) was descended from a noble family of Noreun(노론) and learned from his uncle, Keun Sang-ha who is a disciple of Song Si-Yeol, Kim Chang-hyeub and Kim Chang-heub. His $\lceil$Oksoko$\rfloor$ remains in the form of a transcription or a lithographic printing, and documents on 'Hakchangeui' are recorded in jabeui(잡의), Euijedogi(의제도기), which is a part of it. He left Seoul in 1714, settled in Chungpung, journeyed to many places, including the Hwang river area and Jecheon and led a literary and artistic life as Sadaebu(사대부), which was written in a collection of his works where the record about 'Hakchangeui', the most suitable clothes for the life of a retired scholar remains today to express one part of his life. This study introduces data about Hakchangeui written in $\lceil$Oksoko$\rfloor$, pursues the reason why Okso, Keun Seob told about it and intends to embody the figure of Hakchangeui based on the system, measure, material, and sewing method according to the records in a collection. Hakchaneui described in $\lceil$Oksoko$\rfloor$ reveals a structure that is different from old Hakchaneui, showing characteristics like the following. It is a Sadaebu's costume for field amusement in which the length of a former part is longer than that of a later part and the side seam of a garment rips. Black Yeon is attached to the white texture. Yeon widths of Git(collar), Sugu and Gil are varied, respectively. Yeon's figure attached to Gil and Somaejindong is a mountain. Git is Bangryeong and link parts between Git and Gil is connected with Sangchim. This Hakchangeui is considered to playas a gown because it has no string or support to adjust his dress. Especially we can identify that Hwayanggun(화양건) was used in this Hakchangeui.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 2006

The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates many of the biological and toxicological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and related chemicals. The application of recombinant reporter plasmid such as the firefly luciferase gene has proven to be a very effective method to detect these chemicals. The bioassay system, CALUX, is sensitive in directly detecting AhR-agonists from a variety of environmental and biologic materials. However, responses of the AhR-dependent bioassays are dependent on the cell types used. Thus, we developed a sensitive bioassay using the recombinant mouse hepatoma cell (Hepa1c1c7) for the determination of dioxins. The recombinant cell line was stably transfected with firefly luciferase reporter gene (pGudLuc1.1). The transfected cells showed the highest induction of luciferase activity at 4.5 hr and a decrease beyond this time point. The system showed the highest sensitivity of detection ever reported. Upon TCDD exposure cells showed 2 fold increase at 10 pM and 7 fold increase at 100 pM, respectively. The passage number after the transfection played an important role in the sensitivity. The increase of passage number tended to increase the sensitivity of the cells up to 15. The media without phenol red showed a higher induction rate than with phenol red, suggesting the preferable use of phenol red-free media for the bioassay. Since each of the assays has unique characteristics that make them suitable for some screening applications and not others, development of sensitive bioanalytical methods based on a variety of cellular systems in a key to the successful determination of dioxins. The bioassay system developed in this study will contribute to further development of successful screening the AhR agonists among the environmental mixture. In addition, the rapid and sensitive nature of this cellular system can be applied as a valuable tool to screen the dioxin-like moieties among the prodrugs at the initial stage, thereby expediting the new drug discovery.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.218-224
• /
• 2004

고분자 생체재료에서 세포부착과 성장은 재료의 적심성, 화학구조, 표면전하 및 거칠기 등의 표면 성질에 의존한다. 본 연구에서는 저밀도 폴리에틸렌 필름 (LDPE)의 표면 적심성과 골수유래 줄기세포의 증식 및 성장성을 측정하기 위하여 플라즈마 처리를 실시하였으며 개질된 필름 표면의 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 LDPE 필름에서의 세포부착과 증식률은 세포수 관찰과 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응으로 확인하였다. 표면성질의 하나인 물 접촉각 측정 결과 플라즈마 처리 시간이 길어짐에 따라 필름표면의 접촉각이 감소하였으며 암형성 유전자와 암억제 유전자의 발현률이 60∼70$^{\circ}$ 사이에서 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 세포수 관찰을 통해 접촉각이 60∼70$^{\circ}$인 표면에서 세포 증식률이 우수하여 표면성질이 세포의 성장과 분화에 중요함을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.5229-5235
• /
• 2016

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most widespread and perplexing of all human malignancies. Assessment of gene expression is thought to have an important impact on cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decisions. In this context, we explored combined expression of PCa related target genes AMACR and PCA3 in 126 formalin fixed paraffin embedded prostate tissues (FFPE) from Moroccan patients, using quantitative real time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). This quantification required data normalization accomplished using stably expressed reference genes (RGs). A panel of twelve RG was assessed, data being analyzed using GenEx V6 based on geNorm, NormFinder and statistical methods. Accordingly, the hnRNP A1 gene was identified and selected as the most stably expressed RG for reliable and accurate gene expression quantification in prostate tissues. The ratios of both PCA3 and AMACR gene expression relative to that of the hnRNP A1 gene were calculated and the performance of each target gene for PCa diagnosis was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristics. PCA3 and AMACR mRNA quantification based on RT-qPCR may prove useful in PCa diagnosis. Of particular interesting, combining PCA3 and AMACR quantification improved PCa prediction by increasing sensitivity with retention of good specificity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2017

Objective: To identify differences in the expression of the genes for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR)-{\gamma}$, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ in granulosa cells (GCs) from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and controls undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. Methods: Nine patients with PCOS and six controls were enrolled in this study. On the day of oocyte retrieval, GCs were collected from pooled follicular fluid. Total mRNA was extracted from GCs. Reverse transcription was performed and gene expression levels were quantified by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, and total gonadotropin dose, except for the ratio of luteinizing hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone between the PCOS and control groups. $PPAR-{\gamma}$ and COX-2 mRNA was significantly downregulated in the GCs of PCOS women compared with controls (p= 0.034 and p= 0.018, respectively), but the expression of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA did not show significant differences. No significant correlation was detected between the expression of these mRNA sequences and clinical characteristics, including the number of retrieved oocytes, oocyte maturity, cleavage, or the good embryo rate. Positive correlations were found among the $PPAR-{\gamma}$, COX-2, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA levels. Conclusion: Our data may provide novel clues regarding ovarian GC dysfunction in PCOS, and indirectly provide evidence that the effect of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ agonists in PCOS might result from alterations in the ovarian follicular environment. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm these proposals.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.751-758
• /
• 2021

The recessive white (locus c) phenotype observed in chickens is associated with three alleles (recessive white c, albino c^a, and red-eyed white c^re) and causative mutations in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene. The recessive white mutation (c) inhibits the transcription of TYR exon 5 due to a retroviral sequence insertion in intron 4. In this study, we genotyped and sequenced the insertion in TYR intron 4 to identify the mutation causing the unusual white plumage of Yeonsan Ogye chickens, which normally have black plumage. The white chickens had a homozygous recessive white genotype that matched the sequence of the recessive white type, and the inserted sequence exhibited 98% identity with the avian leukosis virus ev-1 sequence. In comparison, brindle and normal chickens had the homozygous color genotype, and their sequences were the same as the wild-type sequence, indicating that this phenotype is derived from other mutation(s). In conclusion, white chickens have a recessive white mutation allele. Since the size of the sample used in this study was limited, further research through securing additional samples to perform validation studies is necessary. Therefore, after validation studies, a selection system for conserving the phenotypic characteristics and genetic diversity of the population could be established if additional studies to elucidate specific phenotype-related genes in Yeonsan Ogye are performed.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제44권9호
• /
• pp.627-636
• /
• 2021

The three-dimensional organization of chromatin and its time-dependent changes greatly affect virtually every cellular function, especially DNA replication, genome maintenance, transcription regulation, and cell differentiation. Sequencing-based techniques such as ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and Hi-C provide abundant information on how genomic elements are coupled with regulatory proteins and functionally organized into hierarchical domains through their interactions. However, visualizing the time-dependent changes of such organization in individual cells remains challenging. Recent developments of CRISPR systems for site-specific fluorescent labeling of genomic loci have provided promising strategies for visualizing chromatin dynamics in live cells. However, there are several limiting factors, including background signals, off-target binding of CRISPR, and rapid photobleaching of the fluorophores, requiring a large number of target-bound CRISPR complexes to reliably distinguish the target-specific foci from the background. Various modifications have been engineered into the CRISPR system to enhance the signal-to-background ratio and signal longevity to detect target foci more reliably and efficiently, and to reduce the required target size. In this review, we comprehensively compare the performances of recently developed CRISPR designs for improved visualization of genomic loci in terms of the reliability of target detection, the ability to detect small repeat loci, and the allowed time of live tracking. Longer observation of genomic loci allows the detailed identification of the dynamic characteristics of chromatin. The diffusion properties of chromatin found in recent studies are reviewed, which provide suggestions for the underlying biological processes.