• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.250-261
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blood flow using doppler ultrasound of the MCA, ACA, PCA, BA, ICA in the patients with risk factor for stroke. Methods : 110 patients with risk factor for stroke were selected who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or heart disease, as well as 89 healthy adults who did not have any symptoms of those diseases. To evaluate the blood flow, the Vs and Vm of the MCA, ACA, PCA, BA, and ICA in the two groups were measured. Result : In normal healthy adults, subjects showed a decrease in the Vs and Vm: with advancing in age, there was a significant difference in the Vs of MCA, PCA, BA, and ICA. There was a significant difference in the Vm of MCA, PCA, BA, and ICA. In normal healthy adults, females showed high velocities in all examined vessels. There was a significant difference in the Vs of BA. There was a significant difference in the Vm of BA, and ICA. There was a decrease in the Vs, and Vm of all examined vessels of patients with risk factors for stroke in comparison with normal healthy adults. There was no significant difference in the Vs. There was a significant difference in the Vm of MCA, ACA, and PCA. Results were the same between patients aged under 50 and total patients in the Vs and Vm of examined vessels. There were differences between patients aged over 50 and total patients in the Vs of MCA, PCA, BA and for patients aged over 50; patients with risk factor for stroke who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or heat disease has higher Vs than healthy adults. Conclusions : There was a significant difference in the blood flow velocity between patients with risk factors for stroke and healthy adults. However, this result was different from results of comparison of TCD findings between patients and healthy individuals by age. Therefore, more detailed studies about aged patients are needed.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.199-214
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to change of blood flow in In-Young(ST9) after treatment on chronic daily headache patients. Methods : Monitoring of TCD was examined in 10' s chronic daily headache patients before and after treatment. Mean velocity flow, systolic velocity and pulsatility index were analyzed from TCD at In-Young(ST9). The patients was laid for 20 minutes before treatment and also for treatment. Results : The results showed a significant(p<0.05: Paired T-test) decrease in mean velocity flow and systolic velocity. but there were no significant differences in pulsatility index. Conclusions : These results suggest that there were significant change on blood flow in In-young of chronic daily headache patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is examining the effects of appling acupressure to acupuncture points (study group) and Interferential current therapy (ICT) to cervical region (control group) on the cerebral blood flow of 20 tension-type headache patients and the reduction of their headaches. For approaching this examination, clinical research was conducted for three weeks those two groups, each contains 10 patients. Methods : We stimulated 7 acupuncture points for headache with the acupressure (for three weeks) and applied ICT to cervical region. Also we measured VAS (visual analogue scale) and the blood flow of the vertebral arteries with TCD (transcranial doppler ultrasonography). Results : (1) When the left and right vertebral artery of study group was compared each time, significant differences were found after the 1st treatment (p<.001). Also the significant differences were found after 2, 3weeks treatment (p<.05). (2) When the Visual Analog Scale of study group were compared periodically, the significant reductions were found after the 1 week treatments (p<.05). Also the significant differences were found after 2, 3 weeks treatments (p<.001). In the case of the control group, the significant reduction were found after the 2 and 3 weeks treatments (p<.001). Conclusions : The acupressure applied to acupuncture points reduced the headache and increased the ratio of cerebral blood flow.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) should be carefully assessed in patient for whom manipulation of the cervical spine is to be undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity following head and body positioning by transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty two healthy female (mean age $20.77{\pm}1.30yrs.$) participants volunteered to participate in the study. None of the participants had a history of neck pain or headache within the last 6 months. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, we measured the mean flow velocity of the posterior cerebral artery unilaterally (right side). The blood flow velocity was measured under 3 different head positions (in a neutral head position, ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation position) and 2 different body conditions (supine position and sitting position). RESULTS: The mean blood flow velocity of posterior cerebral artery was decreased in body positioning from supine to sitting (p<.05), but the decreased rate of blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery did not change significantly between ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation (p>.05). CONCLUSION: These result of our study show that body positioning (sitting and supine) affect the blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.184-198
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• 2012

The purpose of intra-operative neurological monitoring (INM) is to minimize surgically induced nerve damage, sensory nerves and motor neurons without affecting the operations to proceed during surgery such as evoked potentials (EP), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial doppler (TCD), etc. During the course of checking a patient's condition, surveillance of ambulatory patients is a very different thing to check if the test is done under general anesthesia. INM can be possible or impossible depending on the type of drugs used and their concentrations because the monitoring is performed under anesthesia. Therefore, it is emphasized on the necessity of reviewing anesthesia which influences on INM.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analysis effects of resistive exercise on cardiopulmonary fitness and cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Methods : Ten healthy university students had done resistive exercise without aerobic exercise over one year participated resistive exercise group and ten general university students, then were calculated oxygen consumption ($VO_2$) and respiratory exchange rate($VO_2/VCO_2$). After a week, they were measured Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) at moderate exercise(HRmax 50%), maximal exercise (HRmax 100%) for taking cerebral blood flow velocity. Results : In the comparison between groups, resistive exercise group showed significant higher oxygen consumption and lower respiratory exchange than controls(p<0.05). In resistive exercise group, oxygen consumption was significant negative correlation with cerebral artery pulsatory index(p<0.05). but, oxygen consumption was significant positive correlation with systolic blood flow velocity in controls(p<0.05). Conclusions : After considering all the factors, important value in resistive exercise is regular participation and help us increasing contingency response ability.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2004

배경: 경두개 초음파 검사는 색전의 위험이 있는 환자에서 미세색전 신호를 진단할 수 있다. 미세색전 신호의 임상적 중요성은 인공 기계 심장 판막 환자에서는 아직 증명되지 않았다. 우리는 인공 기계 심장 판막 수술 후의 뇌 혈전색전증과 산소 흡입 중 측정되는 미세색전 신호의 관련성을 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 인공 기계 심장 판막 수술 후 뇌 혈전색전증의 병력이 있는 20명의 환자군과 성별, 연령별로 일치시킨 30명의 대조군을 대상으로 연구하였다. 경두개 초음파 검사로 일측 중대뇌동맥을 감시하였다. 20분간의 기초 검사 후 40분 동안 100% 산소를 흡입하면서 검사하였다. 결과: 인공 기계 심장 판막의 수술 부위와 수술 후 기간은 환자군과 대조군의 차이가 없었다. 기초 검사 동안 측정된 미세색전 신호의 양성률과 빈도는 양 군 간의 차이가 없었다. 산소 흡입 중 환자군은 대조군에 비하여 미세색전 신호의 양성률이 높았고(55%, 27.6%, p=0.045), 미세색전 신호수도 흔하였다(p=0.027). 결론: 산소 흡입을 이용한 경두개 초음파 검사는 인공 기계 심장 판막 이식 환자에서 임상적으로 의미가 있는 미세색전의 감별에 도움이 된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2009

Objectives: Uwhangchungsim-won (DC) has been used in various medical fields such as stroke, hypertension, atherosclerosis, autonomic imbalance and mental instability, etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UC on cerebral hemodynamics and estimate the appropriate dose of UC. Methods: We studied changes of hyperventilation-induced cerebrovascular reactivity and mean blood flow velocity of middle cerebral arteries (MCA) using transcranial Doppler. We observed the changes of mean blood pressure, pulse rate and expiratory CO2 using S/5 Compact Anesthesia Monitor from 10 healthy young volunteers who were administered UC twice a day in the 1 st section and then once a day in the 2nd section. Results: Mean blood pressure tended to decrease at 1 hour and pulse rate tended to decrease at 2 hours after second administration. After 2 hours, mean blood pressure rose to state before administration, but pulse rate maintained from 2 hours to 4 hours. The changes were not statistically significant. Cerebral blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery was not statistically significant after second administration. Cerebrovascular reactivity increased from 2 hours to 4 hours after second administration. Conclusions: This study provides that administration of UC twice a day is more effective on hyperventilation-induced cerebrovascular reactivity than administration of UC once a day.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2023

Backgrounds and objectives: Cardiotonic Pills^® (CP) are used for vascular diseases such as coronary diseases, atherosclerosis, and cerebral infarction. This study aimed to determine the transient effects of CP on cerebrovascular CO₂ reactivity (CVR) and erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects. Methods: This study had a crossover design and included 10 participants who were randomly allocated to 2 groups. The experimental group was given CP with water, while the control group was given only water. CVR was measured by hyperventilation-induced CVR of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using transcranial Doppler (TCD). Erythrocyte deformability was measured using a Rheoscan-D microfluidic ektacytometer. All measurements were performed prior to and 1, 2, and 3 hours after CP or water administration. Blood pressure and heart rate were also measured before and after administration. Results: CP significantly improved CVR 3 hours after administration in the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0.042). The corrected blood flow velocity at partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO₂) = 40mmHg (CV40) was also significantly improved 2 and 3 hours after administration in the CP group compared to the control group (p = 0.036 and p = 0.021, respectively). CP significantly improved erythrocyte deformability 3 hours after administration in the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0.027). Mean heart rate and mean blood pressure showed no change. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that CP increases CVR and erythrocyte deformability. These results suggested that CP improves cerebral microcirculation which provide evidence for the future use of CP for prevention of ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.349-359
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• 2000

The aim of study was to evaluated the possible role of cranial artery velocity in headache pathogenesis. The present study was studied of five headache(F=5. Mean $age=29.80\pm6.76yrs$) were compared to 4 controls(F=4, Mean $age=29.00\pm5.48yrs$). Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) is a new non-invasive and easily applicable method to evaluate flow velocities of the intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries. TCD was performed with standard method to measure the mean Flow Velocity(MFV) of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral and the basilar artery. We reviewed the whole TCD results performed at Taejon Veterans Hospital from October. 11. 2000 to November. 10. 2000. Mean flow velocities in headaches and controls at their 6 decades are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $41.25pm1.71cm/sec$ in lent PCA (P<0.01), $50,000\pm23.07cm/sec$ and $82.75\pm15.59cm/sec$ in right MCA(P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.82cm/sec$ and $45.50\pm4.51cm/sec$ in fight PCA(P<0.01). $26.60\pm4.56cm/sec$ and $38.25\pm4.92cm/sec$ in right VAC(P<0.01). After treatment for 2 weeks, mean of velocity on pre treatment and post treatment and post treatment are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $38.20\pm5.81cm/sec$ in left PCA (P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.827cm/sec$ and $39.20\pm5.54cm/sec$ in right PCA(P<0.05), $40.60\pm9.18cm/sec$ in right VA(P<0.01). It is concluded that Electrical Therapy for two weeks was effected to promote Mean Flow of Velocity in cranial artery. Mean of velocity in cranial artery with headaches observed in this study was lower than controls, but MFV was promote after treatment for 2 weeks.