• 영어영문학
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.399-413
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• 2009

Pointing out the reality of criticism done mostly on Carlyle s original structure and rhetoric in his Sartor Resartus, this research paper focuses on Carlyle s dualistic philosophy revealed in the work, limiting its focus mostly to the dualistic theme of descendentalism and transcendentalism. The essence of Caryle s descendentalism is his irony and satire on human civilization, not for criticism itself, like other satirists, but rather out of his deep, secret humanism behind his mask. Roughly the two objects of his social criticism in the contemporary, descendentalisitc world, are mechanism and materialism in a variety of new ideologies. To diagnose the Zeitgeist and disillusion man living in contemporary civilization, Carlyle in this work uses a very original metaphor, the clothes-symbol. According to Carlyle, human history and progress can be said to be originated from man s adventitious invention of clothes that was not for biological need or social decency, but for decoration, the instinct of which implies man s innate vanity and desire. Interestingly enough here, however, Carlyle uses the same metaphor of clothes for his vision of transcendence, the world of Everlasting Yea. Man is also God s apparel and Matter is that of Spirit. Carlyle s Everlasting Yea world stresses especially the two attitudes, belief in God and love of man, which have been recently jeopardized in the socalled descendentalistic world. But Carlyle s transcendental and religious vision in Sartor Resartus is, as critics also have agreed, a unique and mysterious vision as something different from orthodox Christianity or other Victorian ideologies, as more like an amalgamation among Calvinism, Romanticism, Platonism and German Idealism. All in all, reading Sartor Resartus is still a valuable experience of an idiosyncratically original vision along with his warning against dehumanizing forces lurking in the name of civilization and with his ultimate eulogy on man, proving descendentalism as just part of transcendentalism, although the reader from time to time can be embarrassed by his male-centered, politically conservative, and individual-oriented dynamism.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is ultimately subjected to the Orientalism, even though this deals with some positive effects in the realm of art and architecture as the scope of study, because through which the relationship between two different cultures will be discussed. That is to say, this research focused not only on how the presentation of 'avant-garde' visual art, which is explained as formal 'purity' and 'abstraction' as the characteristics of modern arts, could be made in the transition to the 20th's World, but also on what is the role and meaning of Eastern thoughts, which is popular in that time, for the new philosophical background of the artistic revolution. As a result, this study found that a lot of 'avant-garde' architects such as F. L. Wright, M. Mahony in Prairie School and L. Sullivan, D. Burnham, J. Root in Chicago School, and Lauweriks, H. P. Berlage who introduced Wright's works into the Europe, had possessed the 'Universal Philosophy' including Unitarianism, Transcendentalism, Deism, and Theosophy which are all influenced by Oriental religions and thoughts through historic western philosophers, although it is generally well-known that W. Kandinsky and P. Mondrian were belong to that. Furthermore, they gave attention to the Oriental religions and thoughts in that time, eventually made a historical progressive process of unification of thoughts between East and West. In a word, the new universalism was the philosophical background that made the artist's idea and presentation on 'from Being into Becoming'.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.223-242
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• 2011

The fact that Herbart's education has realized in the educational context the Kant's theory of transcendental education by applying Kant's transcendentalism to education is of great significance for education. It also provides an implication for mathematics education that Herbart's education of mathematics education can be applied to mathematics education through an attempt to combine a practical ethics education and an aesthetic emotion education with mathematics education. Both Kant and Herbart clearly show that an only practical, aesthetic education would not exist as a solely theoretical mathematics education cannot. Therefore, these multi-dimensional aspects of mathematics education should be always considered as a whole although there could be a difference in importance among those aspects. It implies that, regardless of the environments for mathematics education, mathematics teachers and students must do mathematics education activities that take into consideration the humanity in its entirety. The theory of mathematics education based on Herbart's education reveals that the entireness of human being should not be neglected in any case. In this regard, Herbart's theory of education shows that mathematics education is an all-inclusive theory of mathematics education that embraces both phenomenon and transcendence.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.975-992
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• 2009

Whereas many Dickinson scholars tend to focus on Emily Dickinson's anthropocentric dimension, her work also reveals an ecocentric aspect. On the one hand, influenced by New England Puritan typology and its offshoot Emersonian Transcendentalist idealism, Dickinson reveals her indebtedness to these two worldviews by emphasizing the invisible over the visible and the spiritual over the physical. At times, she reflects the common thread of the two outlooks-a hierarchical thinking, in which nature is inferior to human beings and does not have its own identity outside of human use. On the other hand, seeing through the downside of the hierarchical Emersonian idealism, Dickinson sometimes suggests an alternative stance on nature in a nonhierarchical way. She often appreciates nature for its own sake, becoming its neighbor and companion. This aligns Dickinson with modern ecocritics and ecofeminists who criticize a hierarchical anthropocentrism and promote an egalitarian ecocentrism in which natural and human beings are fellow citizens of the earth community. And yet, unlike most ecocritics who advocate a complete shift to an egalitarian paradigm, Dickinson embraces both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism in her poetry of "open portfolio." This openness stems from her belief in interrelatedness between God, nature, and human beings. Housing the two opposing perspectives in her poetry, she widely opens the possibility to choose the better way to relate to our sister and brother, nature.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제37집
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• pp.329-355
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• 2021

본 논문은 들뢰즈 체계의 형성이 칸트 체계의 '순수이성의 이상'이 역류한 결과임을 밝히고자 함을 목적으로 한다. 그의 주저인 『차이와 반복』 내에서 그의 체계를 해석하는 주요 키워드를 포착하고 이것을 통해 들뢰즈의 초월적 경험주의 체계와 칸트의 선험철학 체계 사이의 상호 변양의 양상을 살피고자 한다. 들뢰즈 체계를 해석하는 선행연구 가운데 반헤겔적인 측면에 초점이 맞추어져 있는 경향이 있는데 들뢰즈가 구축하고 있는 사유의 전개 방식을 직접적으로 추적하기 위해서는 그 출발점을 칸트로 삼아야 함이 타당하다. 근본적으로 들뢰즈는 사유의 전체 지반을 두고 볼 때 헤겔과 출발점에 있어 다르다. 물론 헤겔의 정신철학 내부에 담겨 있는 변증법적 생성의 힘을 들뢰즈도 가지고 있지만 그것이 적용되는 체계적 환경이 이미 다른 것이다. 헤겔은 의식과 세계의 선행된 기원으로부터 출발하는 원본과 복사본의 체계라면 들뢰즈는 선행된 기원으로부터 출발하지 않고 오직 복사본으로부터 출발한다. 들뢰즈 체계의 이러한 특성은 경험주의의 관념적 유희의 권리에 있다. 그의 저서에서 그가 경험주의를 언급하고 경험주의의 전통을 수용한 칸트를 언급하고 자신의 철학을 초월적 경험주의라고 명명하는 것을 보면 짐작할 수 있는 사실이다. 따라서, 칸트 선험철학 체계의 역류 결과로서의 들뢰즈 체계에 대해 알아보기 위해 그 역류 과정을 조감해보는 것이 본 논문의 주된 흐름이다. 칸트 체계를 역류하는 과정에서 칸트가 조율해 놓은 경험주의와 합리주의의 절묘한 동거와 그로부터 얻어지는 현실적 인식의 적확성은 들뢰즈에 의해 파괴되고 뒤섞이면서 경험 세계의 풍요의 환영으로 변양된다. 인식의 과학적 적확성으로부터 풍요의 환영, 들뢰즈의 입장에서 인식 체계를 조율하는 두 방식에 대해서 철학자는 선택의 권리를 가질 수 있으며 또한 정당성의 문제이기보다 의식을 통해 추구하는 가치를 기준으로 스스로가 취할 수 있는 선택의 문제인 것이다. 들뢰즈의 선택은 결국 칸트가 숨겨둔 심연의 판도라 상자를 열고 현실의 표층으로 상승시킨 결과를 낳는다.