• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1305-1314
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• 2018

To investigate relationships of electronic taste-traits with muscle fiber type composition (FTC) and contents of nucleotides, porcine longissimus lumborum (LL), psoas major (PM), and infra spinam (IS) muscles were obtained from eight castrated LYD pigs. FTC and taste-traits in these three porcine muscles were measured by histochemical analysis and electronic tongue system, respectively. IS had significantly higher proportion of type I fibers while LL had significantly higher proportion of type IIB than other muscles (p<0.05). IS had the highest inosine monophosphate (IMP) content while LL had the lowest IMP content (p<0.05). In contrast, LL had significantly higher hypoxanthine content compared to PM and IS (both p<0.05). For taste-traits, IS had significantly higher umami and richness values but lower sourness value than LL and PM (p<0.05). Sourness and astringency values of LL were significantly higher than those of IS (p<0.05). The proportion of type IIB fiber was positively correlated with sourness and astringency but negatively correlated with saltiness. These results suggest that sourness and astringency tastes are increased with increasing proportions of type IIB fibers in porcine muscles due to increase of hypoxanthine content. These results also imply that umami and richness tastes are increased with increasing contents of type I and IIA fibers because of increased IMP content in porcine muscles.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-29
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• 2019

Background: Sex influences is important to understand behavioral manifestations in a large number of neuropsychiatric disorders. We found electrophysiological differences specifically related to the influence of sex on psychopathic traits. Methods: The resting electroencephalography (EEG) activity and low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) for the EEG spectral bands were evaluated in 38 teenagers with conduct disorder (CD). The 25 male and 13 female subjects had psychopathic traits as diagnosed using the Antisocial Process Screening Device. All of the included adolescents were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. The visually inspected EEG characteristics and the use of frequency-domain quantitative analysis techniques are described. Results: Quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis showed that the slow-wave activities in the right frontal and left central regions were higher and the alpha-band powers in the left central and bitemporal regions were lower in the male than the female psychopathic traits group. The current source density showed increases in paralimbic areas at 2.73 Hz and decreases in the frontoparietal area at 9.37 Hz in male psychopathics relative to female psychopathics. Conclusions: These findings indicate that QEEG analysis and techniques of source localization can reveal sex differences in brain electrical activity between teenagers with CD and psychopathic traits that are not obvious in visual inspections.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2021

Background: To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed (Phragmites australis), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h daytime a day as partially closed canopy conditions) and wind speed (0 m/s as windless conditions or 4 m/s as windy conditions). Results: Most values of functional traits of leaf blades, culms, and biomass production of P. australis were higher under long day length. In particular, we found sole positive effects of long day length in several functional traits such as internode and leaf blade lengths and the values of above-ground dry weight (DW), rhizome DW, and total DW. Wind-induced effects on functional traits were different depending on functional traits. Wind contributed to relatively low values of chlorophyll contents, angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm height. In contrast, wind contributed to relatively high values of culm density and below-ground DW. Conclusions: Although wind appeared to inhibit the vertical growth of P. australis through physiological and morphological changes in leaf blades, it seemed that P. australis might compensate the inhibited vertical growth with increased horizontal growth such as more numerous culms, indicating a highly adaptive characteristic of P. australis in terms of phenotypic plasticity under windy environments.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1100-1104
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of present study was to estimate heritability of non-return rate (NRR) and success of first insemination (SFI) by using the Bayesian approach with Gibbs sampling. Methods: Heifer Traits were denoted as NRR-h and SFI-h, and cow traits as NRR-c and SFI-c. The variance covariance components were estimated using threshold model under Bayesian procedures THRGIBBS1F90. Results: The SFI was more relevant to evaluating success of insemination because a high percentage of animals that demonstrated no return did not successfully conceive in NRR. Estimated heritability of NRR and SFI in heifers were 0.032 and 0.039 and the corresponding estimates for cows were 0.020 and 0.027. The model showed low values of Geweke (p-value ranging between 0.012 and 0.018) and a low Monte Carlo chain error, indicating that the amount of a posteriori for the heritability estimate was valid for binary traits. Genetic correlation between the same traits among heifers and cows by using the two-trait threshold model were low, 0.485 and 0.591 for NRR and SFI, respectively. High genetic correlations were observed between NRR-h and SFI-h (0.922) and between NRR-c and SFI-c (0.954). Conclusion: SFI showed slightly higher heritability than NRR but the two traits are genetically correlated. Based on this result, both two could be used for early indicator for evaluate the capacity of cows to conceive.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.237-255
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• 2023

Variations in phenotypic traits are important for onion genetic improvement. The aim of this study was to identify the phenotypic traits of temporary genetic resources and the best accessions for the development of onion breeding programs. Sixteen phenotypic traits of 79 onion accessions were studied. The descriptive statistics of phenotypic traits exhibited a high variation in onion accessions. Among the 79 evaluated accessions, 64.55% had a large bulb neck width and 44.30% had a circular bulb shape. Principal component analysis showed that six principal components (PCs) accounted for 72.65% of the total variation. The main factors contributing to PC1 were bulb weight, equatorial and bulb polar diameters, plant height, and degree of splitting into bulblets, whereas those contributing to PC2 were the bulb color of the epidermal cells of the fleshy scales and color of the dry skin on the bulb. The accessions were classified into three groups-clusters 1, 2, and 3. Cluster 2 accessions were the most suitable for selecting large and circular bulb-shaped onion cultivars. The phenotypic variation observed in this study may help to select potential accessions for breeding new onion cultivars.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2024

Pork quality is determined by several attributes, among which odor and taste are the utmost significant. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the effects of boar odor hormone concentration on the quality traits and sensory acceptability of pork. A total twenty-six (26) non-castrated 3-way crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs were selected with an average body weight (ABW) 115.6 kg before to slaughter. The three treatment groups (low, medium and high) were divided according to the androstenone concentration. In experiment 1, for meat quality traits carcass was selected based on androstenone concentration: low (LC, 0.64-0.69 ㎍/g, n = 9), medium (MC, 0.70-0.99 ㎍/g, n = 7) and high (HC, 1.00-1.69 ㎍/g, n = 10). In experiment 2, for sensory evaluation carcasses were also selected based on the abovementioned conditions. Results revealed that androstenone concentration not effect on proximate components, meat quality traits and fatty acids except palmitoleic acid. Sensory evaluation data showed that boar taint and meat boar taint were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner from low to high, whereas, gravy and meat flavor preference were significantly increased in LC group than HC group. In addition, correlation analysis showed that boar taint and meat boar taint were positively, and gravy and meat flavor preference were negatively correlated with boar taint hormones. In essence, our findings indicate that androstenone concentration had no effect on meat qualities, but a high concentration of androstenone had a negative effect on the sensory characteristics in uncastrated pigs.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.213-222
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the profile of kindergarten teachers. The subjects were 133 teachers, 116 kindergarten principals, 103 mothers, 98 professionals in preschool education, and 132 student teachers. Data were collected May - August, 1998. The results showed three different characteristics : (1) kindergarten teachers, principals, and professionals in preschool education, rated the most important factor to be character traits ; (2) mothers rated occupational pride as the most important factor and specialized functions as more important than character traits and (3) student teachers rated the most important factors to be specialized function, occupational pride and character traits.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.325-333
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• 2006

We describe tests for detecting and locating quantitative traits loci (QTL) for traits in Hanwoo. Lod scores and a permutation test have been described. From results of a permutation test to detect QTL, we select major DNA markers of BMS1167 microsatellite locus in Hanwoo chromosome 17 for further analysis. K-means clustering analysis applied to four traits and eight DNA markers in BMS1167 resulted in three cluster groups. We conclude that the major DNA markers of BMS1167 microsatellite locus in Hanwoo chromosome 17 are markers 100bp, 108bp and 110bp.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.913-921
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• 2005

We describe tests for detecting and locating quantitative traits loci (QTL) for traits in Hanwoo. Lod scores and a permutation test have been described. From results of a permutation test to detect QTL, we select major DNA markers of BMS941 microsatellite locus in Hanwoo chromosome 17 for further analysis. K-means clustering analysis applied to four traits and eight DNA markers in BMS941 resulted in three cluster groups. We conclude that the major DNA markers of BMS941 microsatellite locus in Hanwoo chromosome 17 are markers 80bp, 85bp 90bp and 105bp.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.459-462
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• 2006

Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in promoting mammalian mammary gland development, and milk production during lactation. Therefore the PRL gene was chosen as a candidate gene for milk traits in Holstein dairy cows. PCR-SSCP and PCR-RFLP were used to analyze genetic variations in the 5' regulation region of the PRL gene. In this part of the gene, two new polymorphic sites were detected in the Chinese Holstein dairy cows. One was a XbaI-RFLP locus, and the other was an SSCP locus. Statistical analysis showed that the XbaI-RFLP locus and the SSCP locus had a significant positive effect on milk traits.