• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.683-698
• /
• 2015

Railroad bridges form an integral part of railway infrastructure throughout the world. To accommodate increased axel loads, train speeds, and greater volumes of freight traffic, in the presence of changing structural conditions, the load carrying capacity and serviceability of existing bridges must be assessed. One way is through system identification of in-service railroad bridges. To dates, numerous researchers have reported system identification studies with a large portion of their applications being highway bridges. Moreover, most of those models are calibrated at global level, while only a few studies applications have used globally and locally calibrated model. To reach the global and local calibration, both ambient vibration tests and controlled tests need to be performed. Thus, an approach for system identification of a railroad bridge that can be used to assess the bridge in global and local sense is needed. This study presents system identification of a railroad bridge using free vibration data. Wireless smart sensors are employed and provided a portable way to collect data that is then used to determine bridge frequencies and mode shapes. Subsequently, a calibrated finite element model of the bridge provides global and local information of the bridge. The ability of the model to simulate local responses is validated by comparing predicted and measured strain in one of the diagonal members of the truss. This research demonstrates the potential of using measured field data to perform model calibration in a simple and practical manner that will lead to better understanding the state of railroad bridges.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.349-358
• /
• 2019

Long span cable-stayed bridges are extremely vulnerable to dynamic excitations such as which caused by traffic load, wind and earthquake. Studies on cable-stayed bridge vibration control have been keenly interested by researchers and engineers in design new bridges and assessing in-service bridges. In this paper, a novel Hybrid-Tuned Mass Damper (H-TMD) is proposed and a hybrid control model named Mixed Logic Dynamic (MLD) is employed to build the bridge-H-TMD system to mitigate the vibrations. Firstly, the fundamental theory and modeling process of MLD model is introduced. After that, a new state switching design of the H-TMD and state space equations for different states are proposed to control the bridge vibrations. As the state switching designation presented, the H-TMDs can applied active force to bridge only if the structural responses are beyond the limited thresholds, otherwise, the vibrations can be reduced by passive components of dampers without active control forces provided. A new MLD model including both passive and active control states is built based on the MLD model theory and the state switching design of H-TMD. Then, the case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed methodology. In the case study, the control scheme with H-TMDs is applied for a long span cable-stayed bridge, and the MLD model is established and simulated with earthquake excitation. The simulation results reveal that the suggested method has a well damping effect and the established system can be switched between different control states as design excellently. Finally, the energy consumptions of H-TMD schemes are compared with that of Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) schemes under variable seismic wave excitations. The compared results show that the proposed H-TMD can save energy than ATMD.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.145-163
• /
• 2024

The evaluation of dynamic characteristics of bridges under operational traffic loads is a crucial aspect of bridge structural health monitoring. In the vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) system, the vibration responses of bridge exhibit time-varying characteristics. To address this issue, an accurate time-frequency analysis method that combines the autoregressive power spectrum based empirical wavelet transform (AR-EWT) and local maximum synchrosqueezing transform (LMSST) is proposed to identify the time-varying instantaneous frequencies (IFs) of the bridge in the VBI system. The AR-EWT method decomposes the vibration response of the bridge into mono-component signals. Then, LMSST is employed to identify the IFs of each mono-component signal. The AR-EWT combined with the LMSST method (AR-EWT+LMSST) can resolve the problem that LMSST cannot effectively identify the multi-component signals with weak amplitude components. The proposed AR-EWT+LMSST method is compared with some advanced time-frequency analysis techniques such as synchrosqueezing transform (SST), synchroextracting transform (SET), and LMSST. The results demonstrate that the proposed AR-EWT+LMSST method can improve the accuracy of identified IFs. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method are validated through a multi-component signal, a VBI numerical model with a four-degree-of-freedom half-car, and a VBI model experiment. The effect of vehicle characteristics, vehicle speed, and road surface roughness on the identified IFs of bridge are investigated.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2006

모델링을 통한 교량구조물의 동적인 특성은 주로 구조물의 기학학적 형상에서 계산된 강성과 질량에 의해서 결정된다. 따라서 본 연구는 합성단면을 갖는 강판형거더교량의 FE 모델링 기법을 제시하고 제시된 모델링 기법은 실계측된 동특성과 비교 분석하여 유용성을 제시했다. 제시된 FE 모델링 기법은 단순화된 1-2차원 모델과 3차원 상세모델로 구분하여 각각의 기법을 제안하고 유용성을 보여 주었다. 구조물의 동적 응답은 상부 슬래브를 지지하는 거더에 가속도계를 부착하여 일반 차량하중 상태에서 발생하는 상시 진동에 의해 측정되었다. 이렇게 측정된 교차파워스펙트럼을 역퓨리에 변환에 의해 교차상관함수로 변환하여 구조물의 특성을 분석하였다. 이들결과는 FE모델링의 결과와 비교하여 제안된 모델링 기법의 유용성을 제시하였다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2010

급속한 경제성장은 대규모 도로건설 및 물류에 필요한 차량의 대형화 및 고속화를 유도하였으나, 이로 인해 발생하는 대기오염 및 자동차의 소음, 진동은 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 기층용 특수콘크리트 블록은 Helmholtz Resonators 이론을 접목시킴으로서 차량의 타이어 파열음과 차량음 등을 흡수하여 소음을 현저히 줄이는 기능을 보유하고 있어 접속도로, 아파트 단지내 도로, 주택가 도로 등 소음발생이 높은 지역에 적용한다면 소음저감에 대한 사회적 요구를 충족시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2-layer 아스팔트포장과 기층용 특수콘크리트 블록의 복합식 공법으로 일반 콘크리트 블록과 기층용 콘크리트 블록의 흡음효과 시험을 실내 시험으로 실시하였다. 시험 조건으로는 홀 사이즈, 간격, 깊이가 결정된 시편에 각 차종별 초기소음을 다르게 주어 소음저감효과를 분석 하였다. 기층용 콘크리트블록을 이용하여 차량소음크기, 시편크기, 측정거리, 홀의 형상 및 크기에 따른 데이터를 분석한 결과 소음저감효과는 탁월했으며 약 4 dB에서 최대 9 dB 정도 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.592-597
• /
• 2013

방음패널의 차음특성은 재료의 면밀도와 소음의 주파수와 높은 상관관계가 있으므로 방음패널의 두께 및 재료의 선택에 있어 실제 도로소음의 특성을 반영하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 재료의 경량 및 시공측면에서 수요가 증가하고 있는 플라스틱 소재 중 방음패널로 활용 가능한 소재를 선정하여 도로교통 소음의 주파수에 따른 차음특성을 평가하였다. 대상 패널은 물리적 특성을 조사하여 효율성 및 경제성 평가를 통해 polypropylene (PP)과 high-density polyethylene (HDPE)를 선정하였고 현재 방음패널의 재료로 사용되고 있는 polycarbonate (PC)와 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)와의 재료 및 두께에 따른 차음특성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 방음패널의 차음특성은 재료의 면밀도에 비례하여 PC, PMMA, HDPE, 그리고 PP순으로 높은 투과손실치를 나타내었다. 두께별 차음특성의 경우, 방음패널 두께에 비례하여 투과손실이 증가하나 일치효과로 인해 투과손실이 감소하는 주파수가 낮아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 저감하고자 하는 소음의 주파수대역을 먼저 파악하고 방음패널의 재질과 두께에 따른 주파수별 차음특성을 파악하여 적용한다면 효과적으로 소음을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국측량학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회논문집
• /
• pp.485-490
• /
• 2004

Recently, distribution transfer velocity was extremely lowered by high supply rate of vehicle and low road rate. Therefore expansions of transfer network these were subway, road and railway to recover competitive power as a reform measure of physical distribution traffic were become preference previous subject. For reason of that, an expansion of transfer network is meeting competitive power as selected an elevated road in the ground road network that condition of location calm and get out of the existing urban than the underground road to connect oversensitive a large city and expanded small and medium satellite town. In the meantime, while elevated structures construct, they go through the civilian residential section, agriculture land, etc. The consequence is that it raises a vibration, noise, dust, an infringement of the right to a view and an infringement of the right to a sunshine. In this study, we analyzed Quantitatively sunshine quantity with building 3D simulation model of civil structure. Therefore, we present as planning data to reduce a civilian appeal for dispute of the right to sunshine and an economic and time loss between the government and construction company In addition to that, for the standard of the standard plan of usable sunshine quantity program in the practical business, the building of convenient user interface will be the project to be done.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.181-194
• /
• 2014

A major problem with high-mast light poles is the effects that wind vortex shedding can have on the pole itself because of the lock-in phenomenon. It is desired that the coefficients in the AASHTO Standard Specifications ($5^{th}$ edition) for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals be analyzed and refined. This is for the belief that the span of the shapes of poles for which the coefficients are used is much too broad and a specific coefficient for each different shape is desired. The primary objective of this study is to develop wind vortex shedding coefficient for a multisided shape. To do that, an octagonal shape was used as the main focus since octagonal cross sectioned high-mast light poles are one of the most common shapes in service. For the needed data, many wind parameters, such as the static drag coefficient, the slope of aerodynamic lift coefficient, Strouhal number, the lock-in range of wind velocities producing vibrations, and variation of amplitude of vortex-induced vibration with Scruton number are needed. From wind tunnel experiments, aerodynamic parameters were obtained for an octagonal shape structure. Even though aerodynamic coefficients are known from past test results, they need to be refined by conducting further wind tunnel tests.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제76권2호
• /
• pp.207-222
• /
• 2020

Due to the rugged terrain, metro lines in mountain city across numerous wide rivers and deep valleys, resulting in instability of high-pier bridge and insecurity of metro train subjected to fluctuating crosswind. To ensure the safe operation in metro lines in mountain cities, running safety of the metro train over the high-pier bridge under crosswind is analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the dynamic model of the wind-train-bridge (WTB) system is built, in which the speed-up effect of crosswind is fully considered. On the basis of time domain analysis, the basic characteristics of the WTB system with high-pier are analyzed. Afterwards, the dynamic responses varies with train speed and wind speed are calculated, and the safety zone of metro train over a high-pier bridge subjected to fluctuating crosswind in mountain city is determined. The results indicate that, fluctuating crosswind triggers drastic vibration to the metro train and high-pier bridges, which in turn causes running instability of the train. For this reason, the corresponding safety zone for metro train running on the high-pier is proposed, and the metro traffic on the high-pier bridge should be closed as the mean wind speed of standard height reaches 9 m/s (15.6 m/s for the train).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.111-126
• /
• 2007

Dynamic responses of the bridge for a straddle-type monorail subjected to the ground motion of high probability to occur are investigated by means of a three-dimensional traffic-induced vibration analysis to clarify the effect of a train's dynamic system on seismic responses of a monorail bridge. A 15DOFs model is assumed for a car in the monorail train. The validity of developed equations of motion for a monorail train-bridge interaction system is verified by comparison with the field-test data. The inertia effect due to a ground motion is combined with the monorail train-bridge interaction system to investigate the seismic response of the monorail bridge under a moving train. An interesting result is that the dynamic system of the train on monorail bridges can act as a damper during earthquakes. The observation of numerical results also points out that the damper effect due to the dynamic system of the monorail train tends to decrease with increasing speed of the train.