• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-37
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• 2003

Objective: We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Curcuma longa L. on the stomach cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Material & Methods: We used AGS as human stomach cancer cells obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The boiled extract of Curcuma longa L. $5{\mu}l$ (Sample I), $10{\mu}l$ (Sample II) was treated to cultural media(ml) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours. We measured the killing effect on stomach cancer cells through Trypan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells via MTT assay. For identification of its anticancer mechanism, the revelation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax which are genes related to apoptosis using the quantitative RT-PCR, change of mitochondria membrane permeability and membrane potential via flow cytometry, the cycle of cell mitosis, caspase cleavage and annexin V staining were examined. Results: 1. showed significant killing effect on stomach cancer cell than the control group with a time(6 hours later) and density dependent manner, which was statistical significance. 2. Extract of Curcuma longa L. showed suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells that each test groups had more suppressive effects on viability of stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later), which was statistical significance.(p<0.05) 3. In the test about the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased with a density manner which was statistical significance. but the revelation of Bax was not changed with statistical significance. 4. Extract of Curcuma longa L. caused apoptosis by decreasing the absorbance of mitochondria with statistical significance, and also induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria. 5. Extract of Curcuma longa L. destructed the cell cycle of cell mitosos. 6. Cell apoptosis was induced by extract of Curcuma longa L. certificated by method of caspase cleavage and annexin V staining. Conclusion: This experiment showed that Curcuma longa L. has anti-tumor effect with statistical significance. This is in vitro experiment and basic experiment on Curcuma longa L.. We hope more progressive research on Curcuma longa L. will go on and its anti-tumor effects will be more practically identified.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2013

Objectives: Medically unexplained fatigue includes chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and idiopathic chronic fatigue (ICF). These disorders quite impair quality of life while no effective therapies exist. Therefore, patients with CFS or ICF frequently choose treatments based on traditional Korean medicine. The study aimed to analyze characteristic of patients visiting an Oriental clinic with CFS or ICF. Methods: Patients who met criteria for CFS or ICF were enrolled in this study, from March 2011 to Jun 2013. Clinical information focused on symptom differentiation and Sasang constitution was analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the frequency among sub-groups. Results: In total, 77 patients (49 male and 28 female) were diagnosed with CFS (17 male and 13 female) or ICF (32 male and 15 female). The symptom differentiation was 37.7%, 26.0%, 13.0%, and 23.3% for "Qi deficiency of both spleen and lung (脾肺氣虛)", "Yin deficiency of both liver and kidney (肝腎陰虛)", "Blood deficiency of both heart and spleen (心脾血虛)" and "Yang deficiency of both spleen and kidney (脾腎陽虛)", while Sasang constitutional distribution was 59.7%, 22.1% and 18.2% Soeumin, Taeumin and Soyangin, respectively. The fatigue severity was notably different between CFS ($63.7{\pm}12.1$) or ICF ($52.2{\pm}15.3$) according to the Chalder fatigue scale (10-point scale for eleven questions). There was statistical significance regarding symptom differentiation and Sasang constitution (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the process of traditional Korean medicine-based development of therapeutics for patients with chronic fatigue or related conditions, this report can serve as reference data.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 1993

The primary purpose of this study was to develop an educational tool that can be used in teaching young children about different types of sex roles. The secondary purpose was to observe and analyze the effects of watching different sex role video programs on preschool children's sex role stereotypes and to determine the lasting effects. The subjects of this study were 89 six year-old kindergarten children, forty five were girls and forty-four boys. Each child was interviewed individually and tested at three different points in time: 1 week before the treatment, immediately after the treatment, and 4 weeks after the treatment. Three different statistical procedures were used in analyzing the data: ANOVAs for sex differences in sex role stereotypes. ANCOVAs for the different effects of traditional sex role programs and reversed sex-typed sex role programs, and ANCOVAs and Lindquist type III ANOVAs for the lasting effects of the treatment. The findings of the study indicated that (1) the children showed sex differences in the scores of sex role stereotypes of own, opposite sex and child activity; (2) there were differences in the scores of sex role stereotypes in terms of own and opposite sex. That is, viewing the reversed sex-typed programs caused a decrease in children's sex role stereotypes; and (3) the traditional and reversed sex-typed sex role programs tested four weeks after treatment showed significant lasting effects of sex role stereotypes in terms of opposite, composite and adult activity. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the sex stereotypes of kindergarten children can be changed through sex role VTR programs.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between pattern identification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine, examined by a systematic research of Chinese medicine papers. Methods : We searched for the papers regarding pattern identification of TCM published from 1994 to 2012 in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure http://www.cnki.net) at April, 2012. Results : A total of 30 studies were finally included; 18 studies of them were related to stroke (cerebral infarction) and there were 12 studies regarding other diseases, such as hypertension, chronic colonitis, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment and etc. All 30 studies were analyzed and classified by diseases, differentiation of syndromes, numbers of subjects, the instrument of pattern identification, items of western medicine examination and statistical results. Conclusions : According to our study, there are some correlations between pattern identification of TCM and various items of western medicine examination. The result suggests a possibility of using the western medicine examination data for pattern identification of TCM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.738-746
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were 1) to find out any significant relationships among genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, and attitudes toward unisex clothing, 2) to investi- gate differences in genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, and attitudes toward unisex clothing between female and male college students, 3) to understand the structual dimension of genderlogy. The theory of this study was Bem's androgyny sex role theory which suggested an individual's masculine and feminine sex role lied on separate lines rather than on a linear line. The research design was an ex post facto survey and the subjects were 222 female college students and 179 male students in Taejeon, Chungnam and Chungbuk province. Using the SPSS program, factor analysis, 1-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and plot were calculated for statistical analysis. The findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1) The 1.test showed significant differences in genderloy, gender identity of clothing, attitudes toward unisex clothing between female and male college students. 2) There were significant relationship among genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, attitudes toward unisex clothing. 3) The moi or dimensions of genderlogy were found to be traditional sex role and equal sex roles. There were only moderate negative relationship between traditional and equal sex roles and these two dimensions affected differently on the gender identity of clothing, as well as the attitudes toward unisex clothing, therefore traditional sex roles and equal sex roles seemed to lie on separate lines, and the androgyny sex role theory was supported.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

Process quality control, which prevents problems and risks that may occur in products and processes, has been recognized as an important issue, and SPC techniques have been used for this purpose. Process Capability Index (PCI) is useful Statistical Process Control (SPC) tool that is measure of process diagnostic and assessment tools widely use in industrial field. It has advantage of easy to calculate and easy to use in the field. $C_p$ and $C_{pk}$ are traditional PCIs. These traditional $C_p$ and $C_{pk}$ were used only as a measure of process capability, taking into account the quality variance or the bias of the process mean. These are not given information about the characteristic value does not match the target value of the process and this has the disadvantage that it is difficult to assess the economic losses that may arise in the enterprise. Studies of this process capability index by many scholars actively for supplement of its disadvantage. These studies to evaluate the capability of situation of various field has presented a new process capability index. $C_{pm}$ is considers both the process variation and the process deviation from target value. And $C_{pm}{^+}$ is considers economic loss for the process deviation from target value. In this paper we developed an improved Expected Loss Capability Index using Reflected Normal Loss Function of Spring. This has the advantage that it is easy to realistically reflect the loss when the specification is asymmetric around the target value. And check the correlation between existing traditional process capability index ($C_{pk}$) and new one. Finally, we propose the criteria for classification about developed process capability index.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

The most economically important species used in a wide range of fermentation industries throughout Asia belong to Aspergillus section Flavi, which are morphologically and phylogenetically indistinguishable, with a few being toxigenic and therefore a major concern. They are frequently isolated from Korean fermentation starters, such as nuruk and meju. The growing popularity of traditional Korean alcoholic beverages has led to a demand for their quality enhancement, therefore requiring selection of efficient non-toxigenic strains to assist effective fermentation. This study was performed to classify the most efficient strains of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from various types of traditional wheat nuruk, based on a polyphasic approach involving molecular and biochemical evaluation. A total of 69 strains were isolated based on colony morphology and identified as Aspergillus oryzae/flavus based on internal transcribed spacer and calmodulin gene sequencing. Interestingly, none were toxigenic based on PCR amplification of intergenic regions of the aflatoxin cluster genes norB-cypA and the absence of aflatoxin in the culture supernatants by thin-layer chromatography analysis. Saccharification capability of the isolates, assessed through ${\alpha}-amylase$ and glucoamylase activities, revealed that two isolates, TNA24 and TNA15, showed the highest levels of activity. Although the degrees of variation in ${\alpha}-amylase$ and glucoamylase activities among the isolates were higher, there were only slight differences in acid protease activity among the isolates with two, TNA28 and TNA36, showing the highest activities. Furthermore, statistical analyses showed that ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity was positively correlated with glucoamylase activity (p < 0.001), and therefore screening for either was sufficient to predict the saccharifying capacity of the Aspergillus strain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this pilot study was to assess the safety and dosing of scolopendrid pharmacopuncture (SPP). Methods: A total of 40 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (males and 20 females 20) were selected following a 7-day inspection and acclimation period. SPP was administered via intramuscular injection, over a 2-week period using 3 doses including a high-dose [0.84 mg of scolopendrid per kg of body weight (BW)], a med-dose (0.42 mg/kg BW), and a low-dose (0.21 mg/kg BW). The control group was injected with sterile water into the muscles. Unusual changes caused by administration of the test substance were observed. Weight, feed intake, organ weight, and hematological examinations were compared among the groups. Using the SPSS statistical program, Levene's test was performed to evaluate the homogeneity of variances, and a one-way ANOVA test was subsequently performed to assess the significance between each test group. Results: During the experiment no animals died. Weight change, food consumption, organ weight, hematological test, and blood biochemical tests showed no significant differences in the treatment groups compared to controls. Conclusion: No toxicological changes related to the administration of test substances were observed. Therefore, the LD₅₀ (lethal-dose that kills 50%) of scolopendrid pharmacoupuncture in rats was greater than 0.84 mg/kg.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze studies about the effects of topical application of Chinese herbal medicine for allergic rhinitis within randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods The search database includes KJTK (Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated system), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), PubMed, and EMBASE. We used the following key search terms: "allergic rhinitis", "traditional Chinese medicine", "traditional Korean medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "randomized controlled trial", "clinical study", "nasal spray", and "nasal drop" Results Five studies were selected for analysis. Three studies used nasal spray of Chinese herbal medicine and two studies used nasal drops of Chinese herbal medicine for the intervention. Frequently used herbs were Magnoliae Flos (辛夷), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Coptidis Rhizoma (黃連), and Astragali Radix (黃芪). For the outcome measures, studies used symptom score, questionnaire of Quality of Life, nasal airway resistance, or laboratory studies. From all 5 studies, it has been shown that topical application of Chinese herbal medicine was effective for improving symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Two out of five studies showed statistical difference between study group and control group. Conclusions This study shows that topical application of Chinese herbal medicine can improve symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Well-designed RCT studies with low risk of bias and studies with outcome measures for assessing the immunomodulatory effects are necessary to confirm these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5607-5609
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• 2014

Introduction: Although continuing education is necessary for practicing nurses, it is very difficult to organize traditional classes because of large numbers of nurses and working shifts. Considering the increasing development of mobile electronic learning, we carried out a study to compare effects of the traditional face to face method with mobile learning delivered as text messages by cell phone. Materials and Methods: Sixty female nurses working in our hospital were randomly divided into class and short message service (SMS) groups. Lessons concerning breast cancer screening were prepared as 54 messages and sent in 17 days for the SMS group, while the class group participated in a class held by a university lecturer of breast and cancer surgery. Pre- and post-tests were undertaken for both groups at the same time; a retention test also was performed one month later. For statistical analysis, the paired T test and the independent sample T test were used with SPSS software version 16; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age and mean work experience of participants in class and SMS groups was $35.8{\pm}7.2$, $9.8{\pm}6.7$, $35.4{\pm}7.3$, and $11.5{\pm}8.5$, respectively. There was a significant increase in mean score post-tests (compared with pretests) in both groups (p<0.05). Although a better improvement in scores of retention tests was demonstrated in the SMS group, the mean subtraction value of the post- and pretests as well as retention- and pretests showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.3 and p =0.2, respectively). Conclusions: Our study shows that teaching via SMS may probably replace traditional face to face teaching for continuing education in working nurses. Larger studies are suggested to confirm this.