• 제목/요약/키워드: Traditional Pagoda

검색결과 34건 처리시간 0.032초

신륵사 다층전탑의 구조해석에 대한 연구 (Analytical Study of Static and Dynamic Responses of Multi-story Brick Pagoda of Silleuksa Temple)

  • 이가윤;이성민;이기학
    • 한국공간구조학회논문집
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2022
  • Recently, cultural heritages in South Korea gain many interests of restoration and preservation from the government since many of that have been severely damaged during earthquakes. Many previous studies in both terms of experimental and analytical approaches have been done to examine structural behavior and decide appropriate methods of preservation. Being motivated by such researches, this research aims to investigate a religious stone pagoda dated back to the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. The structure consists of a granite stone foundation and baked bricks, which resembles the shape of traditional pagodas. In order to examine the structural behavior of the pagoda, an analytical model is implemented using ANSYS, a comprehensive engineering simulation platform. For the time history analysis of the pagoda, several earthquake excitations are chosen and input to simulation modeling. Seismic response of the tower such as time domain, natural frequency, modal shapes and peak acceleration measured at each layer are presented and discussed. In addition, the amplification ratio of the tower is calculated from the accelerations of each layer to determine tower stability in accordance with Korean seismic design guide. The determination and evaluation of status and response of the brick tower by simulation analysis play an important role in the preservation of history as well as valuable architectural heritages in South Korea.

고려(高麗) 금동탑(金銅塔)을 통해 본 법주사(法主寺) 팔상전(捌相殿)의 구조형식계통(構造形式系統) (The Structural Lineage of Palsangjeon in Pubjoo Temple Analyzed through Gilt-bronze Pagoda in the Koryo Period)

  • 김경표
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.89-105
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    • 2005
  • The central aim of this thesis is to see if the structure of Palsangjeon(捌相殿) in Pubjoo Temple(法住寺), a five sto wooden pagoda in Chosen(朝鮮) Dynasty, was handed down from the ancient and middle ages. This study was performed through an analysis of Gilt-Bronze Pagoda built in Koryo(高麗) period. In other words, it is aimed at analyzing which lineage the structure of Palsangjeonbelongs to as a wooden pagoda. In analyzing the structure of Palsangjeon, I attempted to find out its source from the remains of Koryo period prior to the Chosen Dynasty. Examples are the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda, built during the Koryo period. I have also examined its relationship with other existing wooden pagodas and remains. The analysis of Palsangjeon, a five story wooden pagoda in Chosen Dynasty, focuses on the following: First, I explored the possibilities of whether the structure of Palsangjeon was newly invented in Chosen Dynasty, or if it had been derived from the wooden pagodas in the Koryo period. Secondly, I tried to find out if the stable vertical planes, with a great successive diminution ratio, were derived from the middle age, i.e. Koryo period. The results of the study of Palsangjeon through Gilt-Bronze Pagoda analysis are as follows: 1. The structure of Gilt-Bronze Pagoda, a wooden pagoda from the Koryo period, is roughly classified into the accumulation type, using pipe pillars, and the one story type using whole pillars. In the accumulation type, stories are connected in either a flat format or an intervening format. The Gilt-Bronze Pagoda is mainly composed of pipe pillars, with some whole pillars. However, the central pillar was omitted in the building structure. Generally, the upper and lower stories are connected by pipe pillars in a crutch format. All the pillars, whether they are pipe pillars or whole pillars, used Naiten(內轉) technology. The Eave supporter has the Haang type(下昻) and the Muhaang type(無下昻). In most cases, high balustrades are furnished, but few tables of high balustrades have been found. The slanting roof formats have been handed down from Paekche(百濟), Silla(新羅), or Koryo(高麗). However, the structure of the octagon is assumed to be derived from Koguryo(高句麗). The structure of the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda from the Koryo period is mainly composed of accumulated flat squares, with some spire types. intervening format, the structure of Palsangjeon used whole pillars in a half story format in which upper level side pillars are installed on the lower level tie beam. From the Bronze Pagoda from the Koryo period, we can assume that the half story format of wooden pagodas that has stable vertical planes with a great successive diminution ratio was created during the mid-Koryo period at the latest and had been idly developed by the time of the Chosen Dynasty. 3. The whole pillars in Palsangjeon are also found in Gilt-Bronze Pagodas from the Koryo period. Hence, all of the pillars in Palsangjeon seem to have been handed down from the ancient construction technology. They were also used in the construction of wooden pagodas from the Koryo period. Therefore, it is assumed that Palsangjeon was constructed using the construction technology of the Chosen Dynasty that had been developed from the wooden pagoda construction technology of the Koryo period. The stable vertical planes with a great successive diminution ratio in Palsangjeon are derived from ancient Korean wooden pagodas, which have developed into indigenous Korean wooden pagodas with fairly stable vertical planes and a great design, in the half story format of Koryo and Chosen Dynasty. Therefore, it is assumed that the structure of Palsangjeon has a systematic relationship with traditional Korean wooden pagodas and is one of the indigenous Korean wooden pagoda structures. 4. In China, the intervening format has been mainly used between stories in multi-story architecture since the ancient days. At the same time, the flat format as also used in ancient and middle ages. However, the flat format was replaced by whole pillars during the Ming(明) and Manchu(淸) Dynasties, in favor of simple and compact construction. The half-story format, in which upper level side pillars are installed on tie beams, has been found in some cases, but it doesn't seem to have been the primary construction technology. Few traces of the half-story format have been found in multi-story architecture in Japan, and it has not been used as a general construction format. By contrast, the half-story format, which seems to have been derived from the Koryo period, was used as a general construction format in multi-story architecture of the Chosen Dynasty. The construction technology of multi-story architecture is related to that of multi-story wooden pagodas, but they have different production technologies. It seems that the structure of Palsangjeon did not just adopt the construction technology of multi-story architecture in the Chosen Dynasty, but it was developed from wooden pagodas in the Koryo period, including the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda. 5. Since the ancient days, most Chinese and Japanese wooden pagodas have adopted an accumulation type of structure using pipe pillars, with accumulated pointed towers. On the other hand, though most Korean wooden pagodas have also adopted an accumulation type of structure from the ancientdays, one story type using whole pillars was created in the Koryo and Chosen Dynasties. The wooden pagoda structure of Palsangjeon, with stable vertical planes in a half story format, is a unique Korean construction technology, different from the construction technologies of Chinese and Japanese wooden pagodas. This thesis clearly determined the structural characteristics of Palsangjeon. However, various remains have yet to be analyzed in depth, to establish an accurate construction technology system. In the beginning of this thesis, I had difficulty in precisely interpreting the internal structure of the Gilt-Bronze Pagoda from its appearance. However, in the process of study, the more serious problem was that there are few remains or ruins of multi-story architecture in ancient and the middle ages of Korea. Therefore, it is urgent to discover various remains in the future. This thesis succeeded in determining the structural characteristics of Palsangjeon. However, it fell short of clarifying the structural lineage of the stable vertical planes, although they show indigenous Korean architectural taste, representing the unique national emotion, and the construction format of multi-story wooden pagodas in Korea. I hope this is clarified in the future research.

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A study on the implementation of Korea's traditional pagoda WebXR service

  • Byong-Kwon Lee
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2024
  • 본 연구는 전통적인 건축물인 '탑'에 대한 형태와 특징을 더 잘 이해하기 위해 WebXR 기술을 활용하여 웹 상에서 3D 모델로 확인하고 가상현실에서 경험할 수 있도록 하는 데 중점을 두었다. 우리 나라의 전통 탑은 직접 방문해서 확인하기 어렵고, 탑의 규모로 인해 각 층의 구조와 특징을 파악하는 것도 어려움이 있다. 이런 문제들을 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 지리적이고 시간적 제약 없이 사용자가 WebXR 형태의 서비스를 통해 탑을 확인하고 분석할 수 있도록 했다. 연구방법으로는 WebAR을 활용하여 스마트 기기 및 현장에서도 직접 3D 모델을 웹에서 확인할 수 있도록 서비스를 제공한다. 그러나 야외에서는 카메라 품질과 외부 조건에 따라 성능이 차이가 있을 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해 탑의 원형을 검출하고 매칭하는 기술을 적용했다. 이를 통해 현장 방문 없이 전국의 다양한 전통 탑에 대한 정보와 특징을 웹-상에서 확인하고 분석할 수 있는 원격지원 서비스를 제안하며, 현장에서는 스마트 기기를 활용한 증강현실 형태의 탑을 확인할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

괴화의 한지 염색 특성 (Dyeing of Hanji with Flowers of Pagoda Tree (Sophora japonica))

  • 유승일;오세긍;이상현;최태호
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2009
  • The traditional Korean hand-made papers (Hanji) were dyed with colorant extracted from flowers of Sophora japonica L.(pagoda tree), and the effect of various dyeing factors (mordant, mordanting method, pH of dyeing solution, etc.) on colors and K/S values of the dyed Hanji was investigated. Changing mordant affected the color of dyed Hanji. Mordanting with alum, copper acetate made the color of dyed Hanji more yellow, but dyed Hanji mordanted with $FeCl_2$ had dark olive color. The K/S value of the dyed Hanji mainly depended on the pH of the dyeing solution and mordanting method. It was found that sim-mordanting with alum was timesaving and effective dyeing method. The dyed Hanji sim-mordanted with alum had the highest K/S value at low pH (about 4).

중국 청조(淸朝)의 복식 문양과 18세기 프랑스 복식 문양 비교연구 (A Comparative Analysis on the Costume Patterns Between 18th Century France and Chinese Qing Dynasty)

  • 김명은;배수정
    • 복식
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    • 제64권7호
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    • pp.29-44
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    • 2014
  • This thesis aims to compare the representative costume patterns of the Chinese Qing dynasty and contemporary $18^{th}$ century French costumes. As a research method, qualitative research was performed to compare and analyze the patterns of the flowers, the birds and pagoda shown in Qing dynasty and France. The results are as follows: The Chinese flower patterns used the embroidery technique for 3-step gradation colors to decorate flowers with less than 10 petals. Also, the forms of the flowers were large and simple in China. The flower patterns of the 18th century France is more similar to those of Qing dynasty than to the traditional French flower patterns. They used the drawing technique for the gradation colors and completed the work by embroidery. In the case of bird patterns, the crane on menswear, and the phoenix on women's wear were applied to signify the symbolic feature of the Chinese symbolism. On the other hand, those in France were used solely for the division of the gender. As a result the clear form of the birds in China contrasted with the unclear forms of birds in France. During the influx of mandarine square to France from China, the application of crane and phoenix according to gender seems to be stressed emphatically without considering their symbolic meaning. In light of the pagoda pattern, Qing dynasty showed interest only in the form of pagoda, denoting the simple two-tier structure without detailed description. Whereas in France, the pagodas were three or four tiers, with gorgeous colors and much more detail than those of Qing dynasty. In conclusion, the main determinants of influences on the patterns of France from China would be forms, colors, constructions and technique of embroidery, along with the disregard for symbolic significance.

통일신라건축 목조결구기법에 관한 연구 (The Study on the Jointing Method of Wooden Members at Unified Silla Architecture)

  • 황세옥;허범팔
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.7-29
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    • 2009
  • In understranding the essence of the Korea traditional Architecture, it is important to consider the jointing methods of architectural members, architectural technologies, etc. Especially the purpose of this study is understanding on the Jointing Method of Wooden Members in the period of Unified Silla Architecture. It's conclusion is summarized as follows. 1. A section of column has very close to do with the foundation stone. The structures of foundation stone and column are generally concluded by butt joint, arrow-head joint, housed joint by Grang-e method. Judu is structured by arrow-head joint And, in general, beam is structured by Sagaematchum Chumcha and sagaljudu of Don direction. At the head of Pyungju and the body of Goju, Changbang is structed by Jangbumachum with arrow-head joint or by jumukchang-machum. Also, it is surmised that Gyisoseum and Anssolim methods had been applied to columns from former ages. The example can be found at Bagjae Mireuksaji stone pagoda. Bagjae Mireuksaji stone pagoda taking wooden-pagoda form adopts Gyisoseum and Anssolim methods. We can also find such a sort of methods from other stone constructions like Budo, etc. 2. Injahwaban is structured by short Changbumachum with arrowed-head joint at upper members, and by Anjangmachum at the lower part. This sort of Gongpo style can be seen in the mural painting of tomb of Koguryo and in Buplyungsa, Buplyunsa, Bupkisa-located in Japan, which are influenced by Bakjae or Unified Silla. It is considered that at the end of the late United Silla, Injawhaban had been replaced with Chumcha and Soro on the Pyungbang under influence of Dapo style from China.

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만(卍)자 문양의 의장적 변천에 관한 연구 (The Study of the Aesthetical Change of the 卍 Shape)

  • 장헌덕
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.228-235
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    • 2011
  • The 卍 shape which is used as an aesthetical feature for traditional architecture can be seen in the stair railings of the house shaped ceramic potteries in the Eastern Han dynasty(A.D. 25-220) but with the introduction of Buddhism, it has been widely used for the decoration of the sarira(small crystals of the cremated monks) case. After the shape was seen in the Yungang and Dunhwang grottoes mural paintings, the use of it has been expanded. In Korea during the excavation of the Gyeongju Anapji which was the Eastern palace of the Shilla dynasty, a 卍 shaped wood which had been used as a handrail was found and this shape was also used in the railings of the Shilsangsa Baekjangarn temple stone pagoda and lantern and in the sarira case excavated in the Songrimsa temple stone pagoda. In Japan, the Nara period(A.D. 710-794) when there were many cultural exchanges with the Korean peninsula, the handrails of the 2ndfloor of the main hall of Hoyu-ji temple has a 卍 shape. This can be confirmed that this shape has been widely used as a design in Asian Buddhist architecture. Gilsangoonhae(吉祥雲海) which is the symbolic meaning of this shape means for long life and luck which had been used generally for the window designs of temples, palaces, and houses. In this study, it is giving the definition the beginning and the symbolic meaning of the 卍 shape which is being used from the ancient times until nowadays and the change of this shape used for window designs.

전통탑에 대한 실감형 3D 웹서비스에 관한 연구 (A Research on realistic 3D web service for traditional pagodas)

  • 이병권;김봉현
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2024년도 제69차 동계학술대회논문집 32권1호
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    • pp.359-361
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    • 2024
  • 한국의 전통탑에 대한 정보는 주로 2D 형식의 사진이나 동영상 자료를 통해 제공되고 있다. 또한, 특정 지역 및 시대에 따라 분류하여 제공하는 웹사이트도 일부 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 우리나라의 다양한 시대별 탑에 대한 서비스를 현실적으로 체험할 수 있도록 웹 기반으로 구현했다. Aframe 언어를 활용하여 웹상에서 그래픽을 표현하고, 서버는 아파치를 이용하여 서비스를 제공했다. 더불어 가상현실를 이용해 실감형서비스를 제공하기 위해 웹상에서 가상현실을 지원다. 이를 통해 사용자들은 웹상에서 가상현실과 360도 서비스를 동시에 이용할 수 있다.

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괴정(槐亭)의 잔존 수종을 통해 본 괴목(槐木) 식재의 문화변용 (A Study on the Acculturation of Guǐmok(槐木) Plantings through the Remaining Species of Guǐjeong(槐亭))

  • 노재현;한상엽;최승희
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.81-97
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    • 2019
  • '괴(槐)'를 전부지명소로 하는 괴정(槐亭)과 그 주변에 잔존하는 괴목(槐木)에 대한 문헌 및 현장조사 그리고 인터뷰 등을 통해 실제 괴정에 존재했던 수목 등을 파악함으로써, 회화나무와 느티나무의 문화변용(文化變容) 실태와 그 변용을 이끈 요인과 사유방식을 추적할 목적으로 시도된 본 연구의 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서는 괴정의 분포와 형태 그리고 정자 명칭과 조영자와의 관련성 등을 확인하는 한편 괴정에 내포된 의미 분석을 시도하였다. 핵심적으로 괴정 주변의 잔존 수종과는 관련 없이 괴목 식재의 표상성을 지배하는 수목은 지역에 관계없이 회화나무인 것으로 판단되었는바 이는 회화나무 문화가 느티나무로 완전히 변용되지 못하고 수용된 내면적 요인으로 간주된다. 괴정 조영자의 아호나 당호 등을 근거로 판단할 때 '삼괴' 또는 '삼공'을 표상하는 수종이 회화나무였음은 조선시대 전(全) 시대에 걸쳐 인식되었으나 지역 및 식재지 여건에 따라 선별적으로 느티나무가 회화나무를 대신하여 변용 식재되었을 확률이 매우 높음이 확인되었다. 괴정에 잔존하는 괴목은 느티나무와 회화나무였으나 전국적으로 괴목을 표상하는 나무는 느티나무가 우월한 점이 밝혀졌다. 이는 일종의 문화변용의 사례로 간주할 수 있으나 그렇다고 지역적으로 완전한 문화변용이 이루어진 것은 아닌 것으로 보인다. 영남권에서는 비영남권과 달리 화화나무를 괴목으로 의식한 정황이 확연히 드러난 것이 이를 반증한다. 괴목의 문화변용을 이끈 문화적 변수로는 중국과 한국이라는 지리적 공간, 조선사회의 유교적 관행 그리고 왕래 및 서신교류, 서적 전파를 통한 중국과의 네트워크 강도 등이 깊이 개재된 것으로 보인다. 또한 괴목 문화는 전 계층이 아닌 상류계층의 문화관습으로 이어져 온 것으로 추정되는바 영남권에서는 괴목을 훼나무 즉 회화나무로 인식하고자 행동화 하는 독자적 적응이 매우 강하게 일어났다고 볼 수 있다. 영남과 비영남지역이라는 문화권역의 차이 또한 괴목 식재의 내부적 문화변동 요인으로 간주된다.

A Study on the Regional Aesthetics of Asian High-rise Buildings

  • Kwon, Jongwook
    • Architectural research
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2015
  • For more than 100 years, American skyscrapers got along with the change of Modern architecture. However, high-rise building can not be regarded anymore as a monopoly of America. The purpose of this study is to clarify the aesthetic characteristics of Asian high-rise buildings. Basic concepts on the aesthetic and artistic expression of high-rise building have been discussed, emphasizing the importance of artistic characteristic. A brief introduction on the rise of Asian high-rise buildings also summarized in terms of changing trends for decades from 1970s. Among the 75 buildings in Asian countries out of 100 tallest buildings in the world, 10 buildings are selected to clarify the artistic characteristics which can be presented as an Asian trend in 21st century. The results can be summarized as follows; It was from 1990s that the Asian high-rise buildings began to express a specific regional aesthetics as a trend of post-modernism. Conventional ideas, traditional objects, and regional shapes and patterns are good instruments to successfully represent their national prides. Religions in Chinese and Islamic culture are popular motifs in Asian countries as well as feng shui and conventional idea of five primary elements. Traditional objects like pagoda and minaret are good precedents that can provide friendly recognized vertical objects. Many other interesting cases can be found referring to the traditional shapes and patterns like Chinese character, geometric pattern, Islamic sign, etc.