• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-183
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• 1993

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

Objective: China is likely to nominate their traditional medicine (TCM) as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage. Regarding this movement, is important for Korea to clarify and reestablish the origin of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) to keep pace. Methods: Studied current cultural policy on TCM and revised the standpoint of Chinese scholars through papers. Conclusions: Though many researchers are aware of the necessity of cultural propagation of TKM, studies actually undertaken are scarce. Therefore, Korean researchers need to carry out more research on self distinguishing aspects of TKM and the propagation of its unique characteristics.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.156-166
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• 2022

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng), a herb distributed in Korea, China and Japan, exerts benefits on diverse inflammatory conditions. However, the underlying mechanism and active ingredients remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of P. ginseng against inflammation and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Inflammation model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and immunofluorescence were utilized to predict active component. Results: P. ginseng significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung injury and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Additionally, P. ginseng blocked fluorescencelabeled LPS (LPS488) binding to the membranes of RAW264.7 macrophages, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro (GRo) docked into the LPS binding site of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the MD2-GRo binding conformation was stable. SPRi demonstrated an excellent interaction between TLR4/ MD2 complex and GRo (K_D value of 1.16 × 10^-9 M). GRo significantly inhibited LPS488 binding to cell membranes. Further studies showed that GRo markedly suppressed LPS-triggered lung injury, the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPKs as well as the p65 subunit nuclear translocation were inhibited by GRo dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GRo exerts anti-inflammation actions by direct inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.25-36
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• 2011

Objective: To check the status of traditional Korean medical doctors' medical services amid the continual increase in the number of traditional Korean medicine clinics. Methods: A survey of traditional Korean medicine clinics based on questionnaire sheets mailed to 4,200 out of 10,895 clinics, of which 465, or 11.0%, responded, in the June 1, 2008 to December 9, 2008 period. Results: 1. 65.6% of the traditional Korean responding clinics are doing business in a rented space; 92.1%of them are one-person institutions; 24.4% of them, i.e., the largest group of those surveyed, operate in a space sized 41 (123 $m^2$)~50 pyeong (150$m^2$). The number of sick beds installed in their facilities comes to 7.9 on average. 2. Concerning support staff, 190 of them (or 40.9%), i.e., the largest group of those surveyed, employ two people in this capacity. They generally comprise assistant nurses (48.7%) and others (47.6%). 3. The size of the space used by the clinics is showing a tendency to increase. The number of sick beds and support staff, including assistant nurses, reached a peak in 2006, and has been on the decrease since then. 4. The average number of on-days comes to six days a week among 92.6% of those surveyed. Their average daily service hours come to 9 hours and 33 minutes (from 9:17 am to 6:50 pm). 5. Per-patient service time: 14 minutes on average; per-patient acupuncture time: 18.8 minutes; per-patient moxa cautery time: 10.1 minutes per-patient; boil-cupping time: 5.7 minutes; per-patient physical treatment: 28 minutes. Conclusion: Periodical studies should be carried out concerning desirable ways of developing traditional Korean medicine clinics with the focus on the facilities, doctors' service hours, and types of service.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

Objective : The aim of this study is to review the historical development and current situation of Mongolian traditional medicine. Method : Systematic literature review for books, journals, governments statistics, reports on mongolian traditional medicine was carried out. Results : The theory of Mongolian traditional medicine is influenced by the philosophy and medical theories of the ancient orient such as India, Tibet and China-theories of hot and cold, principle of yin and yang and five elements. There are very unique treatments like brain tram concussion, fermented horse milk treatment as well as moxibustion, acupuncture, and blood letting. It appears that they are very closed to nomadic life. Training program of each institutes need to be standardized. Mongolian traditional medicine had been almost destroyed by the influence of communist idea from 1930s until the end of the 1980s. Since 1990, Mongolian government put much emphasis on the development of traditional medicine. And now about 3.7% of total beds is traditional medicine one and that there are six TM schools and the total number of traditional medicine in 2012 is 1696. However, there are still the lack of manpower, facilities, standardized training program and scientific research for traditional medicine. Conclusion : Mongolian traditional medicine has been developed over centuries in response to Mongolia's unique geographical and climate conditions and the lifestyles of its people and that made contribution to the health of mongolian people. However, it needs to be strengthened because there are poor infrastructure and training program.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to review the research trends in treatment for acute alcohol intoxication in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods : 19 studies were selected by searching CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from 2006 to 2011, and we performed a systemic review of them. Results : All studies are controlled clinical trials using pharmacopuncture therapy. Each experimental group was given various kinds of pharmacopuncture therapy, whereas each control group was given another western medicine or treatment. Emergent treatment was used in both groups. The results of 15 studies showed that pharmacopuncture therapy has an effect on the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication. However the quality of these clinical trials wasn't high. Conclusions : It seems that the researches for acute alcohol intoxication have been performed actively in traditional Chinese medicine. We hope that our study can activate clinical research for this disorder in Korean traditional medicine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5599-5608
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• 2013

With the high morbidity and mortality caused by cancer, finding new and more effective anti-cancer drugs is very urgent. In current research, biotransformation plays a vital role in the research and development of cancer drugs and has obtained some achievements. In this review, we have summarized four applications as follows: to exploit novel anti-cancer drugs, to improve existing anti-cancer drugs, to broaden limited anti-cancer drug resources and to investigate correlative mechanisms. Three different groups of important anti-cancer compounds were assessed to clarify the current practical applications of biotransformation in the development of anti-cancer drugs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.570-577
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• 2013

To research the trends of study about gastrointestinal (GI) disease in Korean medicine, we reviewed and analysed articles published in Korea from 2009 to 2012. From ancient to modern history, traditional plant-based medicines have played an important role in health care, especially GI tract. In spite of the great advances of moderm scientific medicine, traditional medicine is still the primary form of healing methods readily available to the majority of the people in the many countries. In fact many of today's popular drugs have their origins in traditional medicine. Therefore, we suggest that the development and improvement of Korean medicine in GI tract will make good the quality of life in our lifetime.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.388-393
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• 2009

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the development of diabetic complications. The AGEs inhibitors or cross-link breakers attenuate various functional and structural manifestations of diabetic complications. In this study, 64 herbal medicines from China and Vietnam have been investigated with an in vitro evaluation system using AGEs inhibitory activity. Of these, eight herbal medicines ($IC_{50}$<50 ${\mu}g$/ml) were found to have strong AGEs inhibitory activity compared with aminoguanidine (14 days, $IC_{50}$=75.98 ${\mu}g$/ml; 28 days, $IC_{50}$=88.27 ${\mu}g$/ml). Particularly, four herbal medicines, Buddleja officinalis (whole plant), Syzygium cuminii (leaf), Eugenia caryophyllate (seed), and Paeonia suffruticosa (root) showed more potent inhibitory activity (approximately 5-6 fold) than the positive control aminoguanidine.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

Objectives : Recently, the elderly population and dementia prevalence have been rapidly increasing in Korea. Dementia is a concept of syndrome composed of characteristic symptoms. However, there have been no approved treatments for dementia with proven efficacy. Therefore, we investigated Korean traditional treatment being used in clinic and collaborative practice for dementia in the professional group. Methods : We conducted a survey using questionnaires to professors of oriental neuropsychiatry for a month. Items of the questionnaire consisted of overall Korean traditional medical treatment for dementia, which included herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, psychotherapy and others. Results : 1. It was shown that Yukmijihwangtanggamibang, Jowiseungcheongtang, Seonghyangjeonggisan have been used the most in herbal medicine. 2. Chechim, Saamchimbeop, and scalp acupuncture have been used the most in acupuncture treatment. 3. In Korean traditional psychotherapy, Ijeongbyeongi, Jieongoronyobeop, Gigongyobeop have been used, and effective in anxiety, agitation, improvement of comprehension for caregiver and environment. 4. Most professors answered that collaborative practice between Korean traditional medicine and western medicine has been needed for dementia. They suggested that herbal medicine, followed by acupuncture, and moxibustion can be used with western medicine simultaneously. Conclusions : The survey revealed that professors use herbal medicine and acupuncture as main treatments for dementia. They share perspective regarding the need of long period to treat dementia patients, and there are needs of collaborative practice for dementia.