• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.92-105
• /
• 1999

With the advent of the information age and the knowledge-based society, human resource development has become a key factor in determining a nation's competitiveness. And technological qualification systems have a direct and significant influence on human resource development. In order to guarantee Korea's continued development as a competitive member of the international community, it is demanded that a Korean Technology Qualification System (KTQS) is to accept international qualification criteria. This study was conducted in order to analysis current movements about the international mutual recognition of Professional Engineer and present problems for introducing APEC Engineer System to KTQS, and also recommend reasonable plans which overcome those. Under the WTO/GATS, the liberalization of trade in professional services will steadily increase. APEC activities to facilitate the portability of qualifications is considered complementary to the WTO movement. If the government attempts to introduce the APEC criteria for university degree requirements, university curriculum standards, programs for continuing professional developments(CPD), and practical, on-site experience. In the standpoints with the recent developments of APEC Engineer agreement on profession qualification, it is important to guarantee that Korean qualifications have a common, international currency. Measures have to be taken to harmonize the qualifications standards for Professional Engineer with those set out by the WTO/GATS movement. Also this will require an increase in the quality of university curriculum and an establishment of CPD. This process will be further enhanced by the organization of APEC Engineer Monitoring committee, Consisting of government officials, professional engineers and university professors. At this committee we can discuss the best strategies to keep our nation's interests.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.17-40
• /
• 2003

The objective of this paper is to formulate strategies and action programs for developing sustainable agriculture in Korea. There is increasing evidence that agriculture has been preoccupied with increasing productivity much to the detriment of environmental degradation. The issue of increasing agricultural productivity so as not to undermine the environment is a difficult task. In reality, there are many definitions of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, sustainable agriculture is defined by its ability to ensure future supplies of agricultural products at acceptable economic and environmental costs to the society. Sustainable agriculture development refers to the optimal level of interaction among the three dimensions - the environmental, the economic and the social - through dynamic and adaptive processes of trade-off. In order to formulate the strategies for developing sustainable agriculture, three stage approaches such as strategic analysis, strategic choice, and strategic implementation are employed. The basic framework for strategies of sustainable agriculture development consists of five steps such as vision, targets, principles, action plan and policy instruments. The major action plans for activating formulated strategies are suggested as integrating agricultural and environmental policy measures, establishing the system of optimal agri-environmental resources management practices, establishing safe and high quality product system and its effective marketing system, increasing the R&D investment for developing sustainable agro-technology, developing indicators for measuring sustainable agricultural development, and taking a share in related roles for all parties including farmers, consumers, policy makers, researchers and NGOs.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.32
• /
• pp.3-27
• /
• 2006

The Pennzoil case and the SME case illustrate the difficulties which originate from inadequate drafting of letters of intent. In both cases the judges had to face the crucial question as to whether or not a given letter of intent had a binding nature; they had in other words to decide whether the wills expressed in such letters still belonged to the pre-contractual stage, or whether their incorporation into a pre-contractual document meant that negotiations were over and binding obligations had already arisen for the parties. In other words, some problems may occur when a party has documented a stage in the negotiations by letters of intent. The letters may well explicitly spell out if, and to what extent, the parties should be bound by what they have already agreed or to carry on negotiations in order to reach the final contract. But if the letters are silent, some problems would arise. Contracting parties are, therefore, well advised to spell out if, and to what extent, they should be bound by such preliminary agreements. Here again, it might be prudent to explicitly set forth that the parties should not be bound until there is a final written contract signed by authorized representatives of the parties but that they shall abstain from such measures which may defeat their stated objective to reach final agreement, e.g. by diminishing the value of performance under the contemplated contract.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2009

Population learning algorithm (PLA) is a population-based method that was inspired by the similarities to the phenomenon of social education process in which a diminishing number of individuals enter an increasing number of learning stages. The study aims to develop a framework that repeatedly applying the PLA to solve the discrete resource constrained project scheduling problem with two objectives: minimizing project makespan and renewable resource availability, which are two most common concerns of management when a project is being executed. The PLA looping framework will provide a number of near Pareto optimal schedules for the management to make a choice. Different improvement schemes and learning procedures are applied at different stages of the process. The process gradually becomes more and more sophisticated and time consuming as there are less and less individuals to be taught. An experiment with ProGen generated instances was conducted, and the results demonstrated that the looping framework using PLA outperforms those using genetic local search, particle swarm optimization with local search, scatter search, as well as biased sampling multi-pass algorithm, in terms of several performance measures of proximity. However, the diversity using spread metric does not reveal any significant difference between these five looping algorithms.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.30
• /
• pp.123-144
• /
• 2006

MERCOSUR (Southern Cone Common Market, Latin American trade organization established in 1991, full members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay; associate members: Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) is the world's third largest economic union. It is a vital region that Korean corporations should enter to preoccupy the Latin American market. Since China and Japan are recently moving strongly to advance into MERCOSUR, Korea needs to work out measures to cope with the situation. In trading with MERCOSUR, it is very important to establish a strategic base in the market from a long-term perspective rather than to approach the market only as an exporting market. From this viewpoint, Korea should regard MERCOSUR as a market with which it should cooperate in terms of resources, beyond a market from which it imports raw materials. Helped by its advancement strategies varying according to regional markets and price competitiveness, China is bolstering its market share in these regions. In addition, China has built production bases focused on electric and electronics products. It is also increasing its investments in MERCOSUR as a stable raw material-providing base. To make inroads into MERCOSUR successfully, therefore, Korean enterprises should not regard it as a market where it disposes of stock goods, but should instead export technologically competitive goods to this region. Likewise, Korean companies should expand their investments in automotive parts and machinery in MERCOSUR. Furthermore, Korea should closely study international trading policies of MERCOSUR to clear away any possible obstacles of exports to this region and to prepare countermeasures so as to avoid possible damage from import regulations of MERCOSUR.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.85-107
• /
• 2009

L/C allows the exporter to have a bank's payment undertaking against shipping documents required by L/C. This means that the exporter can take export proceeds from a L/C issuing bank regardless of importer's payments and therefore the L/C better mitigate importer's credit risk compared to remittance and collections. Recently the use of L/C has been on down trend in line with increasing use of T/T, causing a big change of payment system. This tells that the payment method change in Korea is positive as the change also happens same in developed countries. This however gives more buyer's credit risk to exporters and therefore a systematic solution to this negative effect is required. In Korea, export credit insurance has been widely used to cover the buyer's credit risk. But the export credit insurance is limited because of lack of government's financial support and strict evaluation of buyer and exporter. Now Korea is ranked 10the largest trading country and therefore the exporters shall find another source for credit risk protection elsewhere. And as such this paper suggest International Factoring as a tool for the credit risk protection. The International Factoring gives advantages to the exporter in terms of credit protection and advances by purchasing account receivables on a without recourse basis.

• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2012

Enacted for enhancing the competitiveness of the Korean capital market and financial industry, Capital Market Consolidation Act (CMCA) was intended to induce considerable changes such as adopting the concept of financial investment products, regulating financial investment functionally, extending financial investors' business areas and intensifying protection for investors. Employing DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), this study measures and compares the efficiencies of domestic financial companies between the before and after the enactment of the Consolidation Act. We categorize the financial companies into 4 groups (banks, life insurance companies, property and casualty insurance companies and securities companies) depending on their business types, and evaluate how much and in which direction the Consolidation Act affects the efficiency of each group respectively. The study shows that there is no significant difference between the average efficiency of banks and that of property and casualty insurance companies due to the trade-off between opportunities and threats of the Act. To the contrary, it shows that the respective average efficiencies of life insurance companies and securities companies moved in the opposite directions to a considerable extent. Through empirical tests, we demonstrate the effect of the Act on the efficiency of Korean financial companies, and suggest the countermeasures for each financial group against the Act.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The IT convergence industry, which is the subject of this study, is the main strategy field during the 4th industrial revolution era. Against this background, it is urgent to establish policy measures to survive and spread export products in the global industries. Research, design, data and methodology - In order to achieve this goal, we conducted the Importance - Performance Analysis (IPA) and found that it is necessary to develop tailor - made marketing support for small and medium sized IT exporters and to develop export strategy products with competitive technologies. Results - Above all, customized marketing support for IT export-related SMEs was needed. Next, in the first quadrant, strategic products, qualitative level, global, value added, and information systems were included, and it was found that 'development of export strategic products with competitive technologies' was necessary. In the third quadrant, related variables calculated at present time are not urgent variables. Conclusions - In this study, it would be necessary to calculate the additional implications of the variables that are not considered in this study, including future studies, because the methods considered here as analysis variables are carried out in comparison with the previous studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.110-117
• /
• 2009

This paper introduces a case study for efficient generation of production schedules in a tube manufacturing system. The considered scheduling problem consists of two sub problems : lot sizing for a job and Job sequencing. Since these problems require simulation optimization in which the performance measures are obtained by simulation execution, the trade-off between solution quality and computation time is an important issue. In this study, the optimal lot size for every product type is determined from simulation experiments. Then, target production quantity for each product type is transformed to several jobs such that a Job consists of determined lot size. To obtain the good solution for a Job sequence in a reasonable time, a number of alternatives are generated from heuristic rules developed by intuition and analysis of the considered system, and a job sequence is selected from simulation experiments.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Most contemporary office buildings supply external views, a sense of openness and a sense of time to their occupants by adopting the curtain walls, which are equipped with an outer cover having large window area. As a result, the amount of radiation increases, adversely affecting cooling load during the summer in office buildings. Although solar radiation decreases heating load and reduces energy costs during the winter period, due to the characteristics of offices where occupants work largely during daytime, the cooling load is important compared to the heating. Therefore, diverse measures to resolve those trade-offs and annual energy cost have been investigated. Method: In this study, the annual thermal load was comparatively analyzed according to the slat angle of the venetian blind along with lighting control technique. Result: After selecting effective conditions, in order to resolve such issues, this study established automated control strategies of slat angle depending on the window-to-wall ratio and zone orientation, so that the findings of this study can be effectively generalized to other circumstances.