• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.148-153
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• 2008

Although manual traction, one of pain therapies, was applied in clinic to relief pain, the study was rare on the manual force and displacement of ligaments at knee joint during manual traction. The aim of this study is to quantify not only manual force at knee joint but also elongated displacement of joint ligament by C-arm scanning and motion analysis. Twenty-one healthy subjects were tested with manual traction from grade I to grade III under neutral position by a physical therapist. We calculated traction force using joint farces of both hands and elongated displacement of joint ligament were measured. The results showed that traction forces by C-arm scanning analysis were averagely 1.67-fold greater than those by motion analysis, but elongated displacements were instead averagely 2.36-fold smaller than motion analysis. Finally, we could estimate relationship between traction force and elongated displacement at knee joint by two methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.9 no.6 s.37
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• pp.682-688
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• 2006

In this paper, a method which can deduce the traction farce or the braking force from the acceleration or the deceleration of the train, has been suggested. In the case of Korean high speed train (HSR-350x), the traction force and the braking forces have been obtained by using this method. It is proven that the proposed method is a very good tool in estimating the traction force or the braking force when the train starts or stops. Also, these forces on be used to calculate friction coefficients of mechanical brakes and the transmission efficiency of the traction system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

The tire delivering power generated from engine to the ground pulls a vehicle to move. Radius of tires is changeable due to elasticity that depends on the speed of vehicle and traction force. The main objectives on this study are real time measurement of dynamic radius and slip ratio according to the speed and traction force. The dynamic radius is proportional to speed and traction force. According to measurement, the dynamic radius is increased about 3mm under 100km/h compared to stop. It is also increased about 1.5mm when a traction force is supplied as much as 4kN compared to no load state at low speed. There is no strong relationship between slip ratio and vehicle speed. The slip ratio is measured up to 4% under WOT at first stage gear. Through this research, the method of measuring dynamic radius and slip ratio is set up and is expected to be applied to the measurement of traction force in chassis dynamometer or accelerating and climbing ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.24-44
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• 2002

Traction has been used since ancient times in the treatment of painfull spinal conditions, but the literature on traction and its clinical effectiveness Is limited. Traction can be defined as a drawing or pulling tension applied to a body segment. Cervical traction is a technique that applies a longitudinal force of the cervical spine and associated structures. Goals of traction include reduction of radicular signs and symptoms associated with conditions such as disk protrusion, degenerative disk disease, lateral stenosis, muscle spasm, and subluxations. The various mechanical factors most relevant to cervical traction are organized and discussed. The factors presented are 1) angle of pull, 2) Traction force, 3) duration of traction, 4) neck position and clinical application, and 5) frequency of treatment. It should allow physical therapists to adjust traction protocol to match the patient's symptoms and diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the cervical traction and treatment guidelines.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.365-373
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• 2011

In general, when train drives boost and traction mode, force of delivering to the track was difference between boost and traction driving mode. But, in korea, we've never performed that measure the track wheel load and lateral force while boost and traction driving. This study measured wheel load and lateral force using combination of 7200type locomotive and six freight car. And the train used single and automatic brake. The train drives boost and traction mode. In order to the difference radius of curve, we had measured at 3 point in the curve of turnout.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1384-1391
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• 2005

Damage often occurs on the surface of railway wheels due to wheel-rail contact fatigue. It should be removed before reaching wheel failure, because wheel failure can cause derailment with loss of life and property. The increase or decrease of the contact fatigue lift by the metal removal of the contact surface were investigated by many researchers, but they have not considered initial residual stress and traction force. The railway wheel has the initial residual stress formed during the manufacturing process, and the residual stress is changed by thermal stress induced by braking. The traction force and residual stress are operated on wheels of locomotive and electric motor vehicle. In this study, the effect of metal removal depth on the contact fatigue life for a railway wheel has been evaluated by applying lolling contact fatigue test. The effect of the traction force and metal removal on the contact fatigue life has been estimated by finite element analysis. It has been found that the initial residual stress determines the amount of metal removal depth if the traction coefficient is less than 0.15. If the traction coefficient is greater than 0.2, however, the amount of metal removal depth is independent on the intial residual stress.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 2009

The traction system has been mainly used for rehabilitation and correction of patients with spine or gait diseases in orthopedics or at home. Some problems could occur in human body when patients forced their training using the traction system. So it needs to measure a traction force and control the training time. However, most of products on market have no sensor measuring traction force. Thus we designed and made a sensor detecting traction force using strain gauge, amplifier for transition to output signal and experiment devices for performance test. We carried out experiment of a sensor detecting a traction force and measured electric responses of it with respect to traction loads. Maximum error was within about 1% for experiments in static condition and the average error was about 0.7% for experiments in dynamic condition. We concluded that it is possible to use the developed sensor for measurement of traction force since the maximum output variation of a sensor detecting a traction force was about 0.3% in $0^{\circ}C-60^{\circ}C$ temperature condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.239-240
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.1159-1162
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• 1995

In the continuous process systems, traction between a moving web and rollers is one of key mechanisms for the study of major issues including the distributed control of tension, guiding, wrinkling, and scratching. Energy is transferred from the driven rollers to the web and from the web to the idle rollers through traction. The characteristics of friction plays a major role in the determination of the traction force between the moving web and the rollers. In this paper, a procedure to determine the frcition coefficient between the moving web and rollers is devoloped. An experimental setup to validate the procedure is devised. Experimental results showed that the value of traction coefficient decreases as the operating web speed increases and increases as the operating web tension and wrap alngle increase.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

According to recent data more than 80% of people suffer from back pain, due to an aging and a poor posture, at least once in their life time, and 7~10% of them have chronic spine illness. Researchers over the years have studied on various spinal traction devices that utilize the force of traction, and have also reported clinical test results. However, most existing devices are too complicated and too expensive. In order to solve these problems, we have developed a new device in which the frame moves up and down and at the same time tilting angle of the frame is adjusted. We have analyzed the forces applied on the body as a function of tilting angle. And the result shows that the new device has achieved the force of traction, which is known to be effective for spinal rehabilitation.