• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2019

In pediatric thoracic CT, respiratory motion is generally treated as a motion artifact degrading the image quality. Conversely, respiratory motion in the thorax can be used to answer important clinical questions, that cannot be assessed adequately via conventional static thoracic CT, by utilizing four-dimensional (4D) CT. However, clinical experiences of 4D thoracic CT are quite limited. In order to use 4D thoracic CT properly, imagers should understand imaging techniques, radiation dose optimization methods, and normal as well as typical abnormal imaging appearances. In this article, the imaging techniques of pediatric thoracic 4D CT are reviewed with an emphasis on radiation dose. In addition, several clinical applications of pediatric 4D thoracic CT are addressed in various thoracic functional abnormalities, including upper airway obstruction, tracheobronchomalacia, pulmonary air trapping, abnormal diaphragmatic motion, and tumor invasion. One may further explore the clinical usefulness of 4D thoracic CT in free-breathing children, which can enrich one's clinical practice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2002

Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare complication that usually occurs in younger patients within the first year after a right total lung resection. Its clinical presentations are stridor, dyspnea, and recurrent pulmonary infections. An airway obstruction secondary to the extreme mediastinal shift and ratation after a pneumonectomy is the main mechanism. It is commonly complicated with tracheobronchomalacia due to longstanding airway compression. The management modalities involve a repositioning of the mediastinum with volume expansion of the pneumonectomy site by a expandable prosthesis. however, other methods including an endobronchial stent insertion should be considered in the presence of a tracheobronchomalacia or in poor surgical candidates. Here we describe a case of postpneumonectomy syndrome complicated by a bronchomalacia, which was successfully treated with a self-expandable endobronchal stent.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2023

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a transcriptional regulator that binds to a complex DNA motif in various orientations and plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, chromatin restructuring, and developmental processes. Mutations in the CTCF are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we report the first Korean case with a de novo heterozygous variant in the CTCF (c.1025G>A; p.Arg342His). She showed global developmental delay, failure to thrive, and dysmorphic face, which are phenotypes consistent with previous reports in the autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 21 (MIM 615502). She also showed clinical features not previously reported, such as antral web and tracheobronchomalacia. Our case follows suit and expands understanding of this rare disorder by reporting common features and, on the other hand, unreported concomitant congenital anomalies.