• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-50
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• 2003

Physicochemical Properties of acid mine water of the Chonam-ri Creek and the Sagok-ri Creek in the Kwangyang Au-Ag mine area were determined using geochemical approaches. Metal contamination (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) is more serious in the Chonam-ri Creek than in the Sagok-ri Creek. However, the contents of Al and Fe is higher in the Sagok-ri Creek. Such differences between the two creeks probably reflect the abundance and composition of ore minerals. The attenuation processes for acid mine water in both creeks were investigated. In the Chonam-ri Creek, a small retention pond which contains limestone plays an important role in the removal of heavy metals by adsorption or coprecipitation due to increase of pH. The capacity of metal scavenging in this pond depends on the seasonal variation of inflow volume. Reddish yellow precipitates sampled in the Chonam-ri Creek were analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDS, EPMA, and chemical decomposition. The precipitates mainly consist of goethite and are also enriched in Al, Mn, Cu and Zn. This inditates that precipitation of goethite is important for scavenging those trace elements, possibly due to adsorption or coprecipitation. In the Sagok-ri Creek, on the other hand, hydrologic mixing of uncontaminated tributaries results in removal of heavy metals with iron hydroxides precipitation due to the pH increase. The mechanisms proposed for metal attenuation at the confluence between contaminated mine water and uncontaminated tributary water are also explained by the property-property plots.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals in canned foods and soft drinks available on the Korean markets. Trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Sn) were detected in 24 kinds, 120 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The average concentration of heavy metals in canned foods was in the order of Sn (6.930 ppm)>Cr (0.050 ppm)>Pb (0.030 ppm)>Cd (0.008 ppm), which was the same order in soft drinks as Sn (3.519 ppm)>Cr (0.080 ppm)>Pb (0.024 ppm)>Cd (0.001 ppm). The total contents of heavy metals in canned fruits and fruit juices were relatively higher than those in cans and drinks made of vegetable and fish. It can be supposed that the high acidity owing to the organic acid of fruit itself promotes to extract metals from can materials, and although fish usually contains more heavy metals than vegetables, canned fish revealed low level because internal organs and most of skin which had more heavy metals than meat were removed throughout canning process. Because processed foods such as canned foods and soft drinks are very popular with the children and adolescence according to the change of life style and eating habit, and the possibility of exposure to heavy metals by the habitual intake of these is increasing simultaneously, it is suggested that more practical study about the process of exposure and the amount in each step is needed fur the assessment of safety.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2000

In order to assess the accumulation levels of cadmium and other metals(Zn, Cu, Ca and Fe) in fish bodies, an experimental study was performed by raising fry of "Oryzias latipes" in the water containing cadmium 0.03 ppm, cadmium 0.03 ppm + zinc 0.03 ppm and in the tap water(control group) were made. In the results the concentration of Cd in fish bodies were increased with advancing exposure time in Cd 0.03 ppm treated group and 0.03 ppm + Zn 0.03 ppm treated group, but there was no significantly different between both groups with Cd concentration in each week. The concentration of Zn in fish bodies was no changed with advancing exposure time in control group and Cd 0.03 ppm + Zn 0.03 ppm treated group were significantly different from control and Cd 0.03 ppm treated group. The concentration of Cu, Ca and Fe in fish bodies were increased with advancing exposure time, and control group was higher than any other groups. Simple correlation analysis showed that the positive correlation between Cd and Zn, Cu and Ca, Fe, Ca and Fe, but Cd was negative correlation with Cu, Ca and Fe. In conclusion, we investigated a tendency that the concentration of Cd and Zn in fish bodies tended to increase with the lapse of time, but Cu was unchanged and those of Ca and Fe were decreased in administrating the trace dose of Cd and Zn in water. in water.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2024

The present study was aimed to evaluate the removal of the trace pollutants (heavy metals and microplastics) in the sewage treatment plant by using the jellyfish Extract at Immunity reaction (JEI) of Aurelia coerulea. The experiment was conducted on two different scales: the lab scale using a Jar-tester and the Pilot system scale equipped with two newly developed devices in the laboratory, the active tube connection mixed system and the concentration integrated separation device. Compared to anionic polymers currently used in the field, JEI showed similar or higher efficiency to remove the trace pollutants. When JEI was added to the effluent through the Pilot system, the combination of JEI and the trace pollutants was maximized through two mixing processes, and as a result, the removal rate of the trace pollutants was greatly improved. Based on these results, we propose the present technology as an alternative to removing trace pollutants that can reduce ecosystem risk and minimize the generation of inorganic waste, away from the existing method.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the content of trace metals in crops cultivated in Han-riverside, Anyang stream, Tan stream, and Jungryang stream. Trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Hg) were detected in 36 crops, 285 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Mercury Analyzer. The average concentration of trace metals in crop samples was in the order of Fe (34.592 ppm)>Mn (11.071 ppm)$\geq$Zn(8.853 ppm)>Cu(1.795 ppm)>Cr(0.237 ppm)>Pb(0.100 ppm)>Cd(0.011 ppm)>Hg(0.003 ppm). In crop samples, the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn, which ranges were 0.004-203.083 ppm, 0.017~22.727 ppm, 0.000~74.373 ppm, 0.080~37.166 ppm, respectively, were relatively higher than those of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg, which ranges were 0.000~0.654 ppm, 0.000~0.270 ppm, 0.000~l.229 ppm, 0.000~0.037 ppm, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in crop samples was in the order of leafy vegetables > stem vegetables > root vegetables > fruity vegetables. In the root vegetables, such as radish, the content of Pb was leaf(0.055 ppm)>root(0.035 ppm), that of Cr, leaf (0.118 ppm)>root(0.031 ppm), that of Cd, leaf(0.004 ppm)>root(0.001 ppm), that of Hg, leaf(0.004 ppm)>root(0.001 ppm). As the results, it could be thought that root is the organ which doesn't accumulate the heavy metal ions, but absorb them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.756-766
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• 2011

In order to investigate the degree of apartment parking lot dust contamination, total 72 samples of parking lot dust (36 from ground parking lots and 36 from the underground parking lots) were collected in Daegu city from the end of March to the early June 2010. The dust samples were sieved below $100{\mu}m$, and analysed by ICP for 14 elements after an acid extraction. Results obtained from the source assessment of trace element using enrichment factor showed that Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were influenced by natural sources, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were influenced by anthropogenic sources in both the ground parking lot and the underground parking lot. And results showed that Ca were influenced by natural sources in the ground parking lot, but influenced by anthropogenic sources in the underground parking lot. The measured values were remarkably higher in components from natural sources than in components from anthropogenic sources. Underground parking lot dust was more affected by anthropogenic sources and contaminated compared with the ground parking lot dust. Pollution index of heavy metals revealed that underground parking lot dust was 5.5 times more contaminated with heavy metal components than the ground parking lot dust. The results of correlation analysis among trace elements indicated that components in the ground parking lot were more correlated than those in the underground parking lot, and especially more correlated with natural sources-natural sources. Analysis for correlations between components and influencing factors in the underground parking lot showed that concentrations of heavy metals were higher with smaller number of parking spaces and no ventilation system, and older apartments in last paint and cleaning had relatively higher contents of heavy metals than those of recently painted and cleaned.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.812-817
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the contents of heavy metals in tea products (n=200) and to provide a scientific basis for standardization of heavy metals in the Korea Food Code. The contents of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and aluminium (Al) were determined using a mercury analyzer, an AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometer), and ICP (inductively coupled plasma spectrometer). The values of heavy metals in tea products were [minimum-maximum (mean), mg/kg] Hg: $N.D.{\sim}0.02$ (0.003), Pb: $N.D.{\sim}0.35$ (0.03), Cd: $N.D.{\sim}0.07$ (0.007), As: $N.D.{\sim}0.19$ (0.006), Cu: $N.D.{\sim}24.41$ (2.73), Mn: $N.D.{\sim}767.88$ (66.91), Zn: $N.D.{\sim}18.60$ (4.54), Al: $N.D.{\sim}1304.30$ (85.53). These results showed that metal contents in tea products in our markets were similar to those reported in other countries. The average weekly intakes of lead, cadmium, and mercury from tea products were $0.1{\sim}0.2%$ of PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake) that the JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) has set to evaluate their safeties.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.992-997
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• 2002

Contents of heavy metals in sugar products were estimated to provide a scientific basis for standardization of Korea Food Code of heavy metals. The contents of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) were determined in 285 sugar product samples using a mercury analyzer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The values of heavy metals in sugar products $[minimum{\sim}maximum\;(mean),\;mg/kg]$ were as follows: $Hg,\;N.D.{\sim}0.006 (0.001);$ $Pb,\;N.D.{\sim}0.47 (0.03);$ $Cd,\;N.D.{\sim}0.06(0.005);\;As,\;N.D.{\sim}0.10(0.004);\;Cu,\;N.D.{\sim}1.89(0.15)$. These results show that metal contents of domestic sugar products are similar to those reported in other countries. Weekly average intakes of lead, cadmium, and mercury from sugar products were $0.004{\sim}0.1%$ of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake set by FAO/WHO Joint Food Additives and Contaminants Committee to evaluate the safeties of sugar products.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.469-477
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• 1994

Many researchers have investigated most representative sequential extraction method using various reagents for determining the chemical forms of metals in soils and sediments. In this paper, a newly modified method for sequential extraction scheme based on Tessier's method by Environmental Geochemistry Research, Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College, was introduced and examined. In comparison with Tessier's method, originally designed for sediment analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), the sequential extraction scheme has been developed for the multi-element analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The partitioning of particulate trace elements was classified into five fractions: (i) exchangeable, (ii) bound to carbonates or specially adsorbed, (iii) bound to Fe and Mn oxides, (iv) bound to organic matter and sulphides and (v) residuals. The experimental results of the pilot study for in-house reference material (HRM2) and certified international standard reference material (SRM2711) using the modified method showed not only reasonable precision and accuracy but also acceptable overall recovery rates. In addition, mine dump soils sampled in the Dalsung Cu-W mine, Korea were prepared and sequentially extracted using the method. Most of Cu was bound to organic matter/sulphides and residual fractions. The dominant fraction of soil Pb and Zn in the study area was found in the residuals. The fraction of Cd showed a wide variation between samples and could be found bound to the carbonates or specially adsorbed, oxides, organic fraction and residuals. The recovery rates of Cd, however, were poor due to relatively low Cd concentrations in soils. The heavy metals in these mine dumps appear to be in the more inert forms and should not be readily bioavailable. The soils, however, had very low pH values (average 4.1) and had sandy textures; consequently, rapid infiltration of rainfall may increase leaching of Zn and Cd which were found to be around 5 to 10% of the exchangeable fraction. As a result of the investigation of this study, it has been strongly recommended that these mine waste materials should still be considered a significant contaminant source and will need environmental remediation to prevent pollutants from being released into the environment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 1988

In order to determine the content levels of trace metals in common salts, 64 bay salt samples were collected from three producing districts and 33 bay salt samples, 32 remade salt samples and 5 fine salt samples were collected from 7 major cities in Korea, from August to September 1987. These were analysed for content levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were as follows: 1. Lead contents in three type salts were N.D. - 1081.9 $\mu$g/kg and fourteen percent of the 114 samples exceeded the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria of 100$\mu$g/kg. Cadmium contents of samples were N.D.- 382C.5 $\mu$g/kg and five percent of the 114 samples were over the Spanish criteria of 500 $\mu$g/kg. Copper contents of samples were 8,9-214.9 $\mu$g/kg and there was not a sample over the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria of 500 $\mu$g/kg. Zinc contents ranged N.D. - 342.9 $\mu$g/kg and Manganese contents ranged N.D.- 8.31 mg/kg. 2. The comparison of heavy metal contents among the bay salts from three producing districts was significantly different in Pb, Cd and Cu contents. 3. The comparison of heavy metal contents between the bay salts and remade salts was not significantly different in Pb, Cd and Cu contents. 4. The contents of Pb, Cd, Zn and Mn in fine salts were much lower than those of bay salts and remade salts.