• 제목/요약/키워드: Toxicity activity

검색결과 1,555건 처리시간 0.028초

창이자의 사람 세포주에서의 발암 억제효과 (Effect of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. on Carcinogenesis in Human Cell Lines)

  • 소명숙
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. on carcinogenesis. Method: Water extract from Xanthium sibiricum Patr. (XPW) was prepared and investigated for the potential antitumor activity and inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and free radical formation. Result: It was shown that the water possess considerable toxicity toward tumor cell lines. Concentration of XPW at 1.0 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL resulted in more than 30% inhibition of growth in HeLa cells. Toxicity of XPW to A549 revealed that 54% inhibition of growth at concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. At concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL of XPW, the binding of [$^3H$]B[a]P metabolites to DNA of human Chang cell was inhibited by 19%, 33%, and 41%, respectively. There 18% and 32% inhibition in the free radical formation with XPW at the concentration of 1.0 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Water extract from Xanthium sibiricum Patr. (XPW) has antitumor and cancer chemopreventive activities.

카드뮴이 랫드의 Heat Shock Protein 발현에 미치는 영향과 독성학적 변화에 관한 연구 (Effects of Cadmium on Heat Shock Protein Induction and on Clinical Indices in Rats)

  • 김판기
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.91-101
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    • 1996
  • Exposure indices are important tools which enable scientists to reliably predict and detect exposures to xenobiotics and resultant cell injury. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of toxicant-induced changes in gene expression, i.e. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and toxicity. The acute and chronic effects of cadmium(Cd, $CdCl_2$ 20 mg/kg) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in renal to hepatic cadmium was higher at 8 weeks after treatment. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase), AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN(blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly changed by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relative molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of $HSP_{70}$ was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that $HSP_{70}$ induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicate the exposure of xenobiotics.

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Toxic Effects of Polygalae Radix on Rat Kidney

  • Yi, Eun-Young;Park, Chae-Young;Ma, Young;Lim, Dong-Koo
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 1996
  • The renal toxicity of the extract of Polygalae Radix was investigated in rats. Rats were treated with 3.5 mg/Kg of the extract, i.p., for 7 days. Changes in consumatory behavior, 24 hour-urine and the activities of urinary enzymes were determined during the administration of the extract. Significant decrease in body weight and food consumption and increase in 24 hour-urine volume were observed during the administration. However, the quantity of total creatinine in urine was decreased significantly. Those indicate that subacute treatment with the extract might induce diuresis and the ditiresis might be due to the decrease in water reabsorption. In the activities of urinary enzymes, the activities of alanine aminopejotidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were increased 4.3 and 3.5 times and then returned to the control. The activity of N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was increased 7.2 times and then decreased slowly. But, it was significantly higher than that of the control evea after the last administration. The activity of factate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased continuozlsly during the treatment. It showed 32 times higher than the control. These results suggested that the extract of Polygalae Radix had toxic effect on kidney. Furthermore, the result suggested that the subacute administration of the extract induced resistance against the toxicity of Polygalae Radix.

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Biotic ligand model에 근거한 중금속 오염지역의 Pb 및 Cd 위해오염도 평가기법 개발 (Assessment of Risk Based Pollution Level of Pb and Cd in Metal Contaminated Soils Using Biotic Ligand Model)

  • 안진성;정슬기;문희선;남경필
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2011
  • Risk based pollution level of Pb and Cd in metal contaminated soils depending on physicochemical properties of soil in a target site was assessed using biotic ligand model. Heavy metal activity in soil solution defined as exposure activity (EA) was assumed to be toxic to Vibrio fischeri and soil organisms. Predicted effective activity (PEA) determined by biotic ligand model was compared to EA value to calculate risk quotient. Field contaminated soils (n = 10) were collected from a formes area and their risk based pollution levels were assessed in the present study using the calculated risk quotient. Concentrations of Pb determined by aqua regia were 295, 258, and 268 mg/kg in B, H and J points and concentrations of Cd were 4.73 and 6.36 mg/kg in G and I points, respectively. These points exceeded the current soil conservation standards. However, risk based pollution levels of the ten points were not able to be calculated because concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil solution were smaller than detection limits or one (i.e., non toxic). It was because heavy metal activity in soil solution was dominant toxicological form to organisms, not a total heavy metal concentration in soil. In addition, heavy metal toxicity was decreased by competition effect of major cations and formation of complex with dissolved organic carbon in soil solution. Therefore, it is essential to consider site-specific factors affecting bioavailability and toxicity for estimating reliable risk of Pb and Cd.

산양산삼약침의 추출법 별 성분 및 항산화 활성 비교 (Comparison of Index Compounds Content and Antioxidative Activity of Wild Ginseng Pharmacopuncture by Extraction Methods)

  • 이대연;최병선;이인희;김재현;권필승
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.313-322
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: Wild ginseng pharmacopuncture is widely used in oriental medicine. However, there is no standard method for efficiently extracting the active ingredient. In this study, in order to determine an efficient extraction method, wild ginseng was extracted by the distillation and 70% ethanol reflux methods, respectively. In comparing each extract, the index compounds were analyzed, and antioxidant activity was measured. Methods: The index compounds, ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rb1, were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidative activities of total phenolic compounds, DPPH (${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) were measured to compare their bioactivities. Since saponin is known to be hemolytic, the hemolytic activity of each extract was compared. Results: The index compounds were analyzed. Nothing was detected in the wild ginseng distilled extracts (WGDE). In the wild ginseng 70% ethanol reflux extracts (WGEE), ginsenoside Rg1 was 3.66 mg/g, and ginsenoside Rb1 was 16.70 mg/g. WGEE showed higher levels than WGDE in all antioxidative activities. In the hemolytic test, the extracts showed almost no toxicity, but WGEE showed lower toxicity than WGDE. Conclusions: In this study, it was concluded that WGEE is more advantageous than WGDE in the detection of index compounds and bioactivity. However, additional studies of additional extraction methods and other bioactivity tests are needed.

Carbamate 중독에 대한 감초, 흑두 추출액의 예방효과에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Preventive Effect of Extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Glycine Semen on NAC Intoxication)

  • 신일순;민경진;강회양
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 1993
  • This study aimed at evaluating the preventive effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Glycine Semen Extract (GGE) against NAC intoxication. NAC is widely used pesticide in many countries and derivative of carbamats and GGE is well-known antidote to some kinds of toxicants which was referenced from oriental medicine text. The results obtained were as follows: 1) After injecting NAC (100,140 mg/kg), determined Ch.E activities decrease 44.77~50.86% for all experimental groups at one hour after exposure, and were gradually recovered in the course of time. 2) In toxicity test of GGE, there were no sign of death or poisoning up to 5000 mg/kg of GGE for p.o. in mice. From this, we suggest that the LD$_{50}$ of GGE would be above 5000 mg/kg. 3) The Ch.E activity in control group was 471.43 $\pm$ 4.85 luff, group I was 215.27 $\pm$ 23.13 IU/l, group II and group III were 304.03 $\pm$ 9.03 IU/l, 433.81 $\pm$ 21.73 IU/l, respectively. Compare to the control group with experimental group I, remarkable difference revealed (p< 0.01), but the Ch.E activities of group II and III were similar to those of control group. This is indicate that GGE possess a potent activity of recovering Ch.E. GGE had a very remarkable preventive effect on NAC toxicity, and it was able to know that Ch.E activity dramatically increased according to GGE dosage increasing. 4) When GGE and NAC were administered by p.o. simultaneously, LD$_{50}$ and confidence intervals of each group were as follows: the control group: 270 mg/kg, 234.99~310.23 mg/kg, group I and II (GGE 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg by p.o.): 310 mg/kg, 271.69~353.71mg/kg, and 325 mg/kg, 285.09~370.50 mg/kg, respectively. In the comparison with the control group, the protective index was 1.1 and 1.2, respectively. From the above result, GGE has reactivation effect to decreasing Ch.E activity induced by exposure to NAC. Furthermore, GGE shows a preventive effect on NAC intoxication.

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Anti-oxidative Effect of a Protein from Cajanus indicus L against Acetaminophen-induced Hepato-nephro Toxicity

  • Ghosh, Ayantika;Sil, Parames C.
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.1039-1049
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    • 2007
  • Overdoses of acetaminophen cause hepato-renal oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of a 43 kDa protein isolated from the herb Cajanus indicus, against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Male albino mice were treated with the protein for 4 days (intraperitoneally, 2 mg/kg body wt) prior or post to oral administration of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg body wt) for 2 days. Levels of different marker enzymes (namely, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured in the experimental sera. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production and total antioxidant activity were also determined from acetaminophen and protein treated hepatocytes. Indices of different antioxidant enzymes (namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase) as well as lipid peroxidation end-products and glutathione were determined in both liver and kidney homogenates. In addition, Cytochrome P450 activity was also measured from liver microsomes. Finally, histopathological studies were performed from liver sections of control, acetaminophen-treated and protein pre- and post-treated (along with acetaminophen) mice. Administration of acetaminophen increased all the serum markers and creatinine levels in mice sera along with the enhancement of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation. Besides, application of acetaminophen to hepatocytes increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced the total antioxidant activity of the treated hepatocytes. It also reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes and cellular reserves of glutathione in liver and kidney. In addition, acetaminophen enhanced the cytochrome P450 activity of liver microsomes. Treatment with the protein significantly reversed these changes to almost normal. Apart from these, histopathological changes also revealed the protective nature of the protein against acetaminophen induced necrotic damage of the liver tissues. Results suggest that the protein protects hepatic and renal tissues against oxidative damages and could be used as an effective protector against acetaminophen induced hepato-nephrotoxicity.

Paraquat 독성 경감제 검색 및 그 억제 기전에 관한 연구 (Studies on Screening of Paraquat Toxicity Reducing Agent and its Inhibition Mechanism)

  • 이정훈;구성자;정세영
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.192-198
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    • 1998
  • 제초제 paraquat의주된 독성 기전이 인체내 대사과정중 생성되는 superoxide anion radical $(O_{2-})$에 의한 것이라고 최근 보고된 바, 항산화작용을 갖는 taurine을 가지고 paraquat 독성 경감 효과 및 억제 기전에 관한 실험을 하게 되었으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 혈액생화학적인자 분석을 종합해 보면 paraquat의 독성 경감효과는 taurine, aloesin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 중 taurine이 가장 우수하였으며, aloesin도 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. In vivo에서 taurine은 혈액생화학적 검사에서 paraquat에 의해 유도된 간독성 지표인 sGPT. sGOT치, 신장독성 지표인 BUN, creatinine치 및 조직 손상의 지표인 ALP, MDA치를 정상으로 회복시켰다. 폐조직중의 MDA량, ALP 활성 및 collagen 량이 정상치로 회복이 되었다. 이로써 taurine은 paraquat의 폐독성 및 각 장기의 독성을 효과적으로 경감 시켜 준다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

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Low pH stress responsive transcriptome of seedling roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  • Hu, Haiyan;He, Jie;Zhao, Junjie;Ou, Xingqi;Li, Hongmin;Ru, Zhengang
    • Genes and Genomics
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    • 제40권11호
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    • pp.1199-1211
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    • 2018
  • Soil acidification is one of major problems limiting crop growth and especially becoming increasingly serious in China owing to excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer. Only the STOP1 of Arabidopsis was identified clearly sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity and the molecular mechanism for proton toxicity tolerance of plants is still poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the transcriptomic change in plants under the low pH stress. The low pH as a single factor was employed to induce the response of the wheat seedling roots. Wheat cDNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1057 DEGs were identified, of which 761 genes were up-regulated and 296 were down-regulated. The greater percentage of up-regulated genes involved in developmental processes, immune system processes, multi-organism processes, positive regulation of biological processes and metabolic processes of the biological processes. The more proportion of down-regulation genes belong to the molecular function category including transporter activity, antioxidant activity and molecular transducer activity and to the extracellular region of the cellular components category. Moreover, most genes among 41 genes involved in ion binding, 17 WAKY transcription factor genes and 17 genes related to transport activity were up-regulated. KEGG analysis showed that the jasmonate signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis might play important roles in response to the low pH stress in wheat seedling roots. Based on the data, it is can be deduced that WRKY transcription factors might play a critical role in the transcriptional regulation, and the alkalifying of the rhizosphere might be the earliest response process to low pH stress in wheat seedling roots. These results provide a basis to reveal the molecular mechanism of proton toxicity tolerance in plants.

태자삼(太子蔘)의 생리활성(生理活性)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Studies on Biological Activities of the Roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla)

  • 한윤성;임동술;이숙연
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2000
  • The root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Pax et Hoffm. (Caryophyllaceae) is a herbal medicine called Taejasam(太子蔘) and used as a good tonic in China that strengthens the functions of the lung and the stomach like Ginseng in Korea. It has been known to have the antitussive activity for tuberculosis, appetizing effect and antifatigue activity, and so on. Especially it has been known to generate body fluids for the severe thirst and the shortage of water in body after a febrile disease for a long time. Recently some components of cyclic peptides, pseudostellarins A,B,C,D,E,F,G, that inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, were separated from this root. In this report several biological activities including acute toxicity, analgesic activity, antifatigue activity, bile juice increasing activity, hepatoprotective activity and antiinflammatory activity were investigated. These results showed as such; $LD_{50}$ of methanol extracts was above 10,000 mg/kg. The analgesic effect was revealed in the writhing test using rats. The BuOH fractions showed a prominent antifatigue effect against immobilized stress, significant hepatoprotective activities against $CCl_4$ intoxication and inhibitory effect on carrageenin-induced edema in rat's paw.

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