• Applied Microscopy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.148-156
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• 2017

The wide distribution of redox-sensitive elements (RSE) as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), and strontium (Sr) in the top soil of Siwaqa area are related to the weathering action of alkaline surface and groundwater on the parent rocks. The bioavailability, distribution, sorption, and ecotoxicity of As, Cd, Se, and Sr, of the wild plants and top soils in the study area were investigated. A total number of 23 surface soil samples and 23 plant samples were collected and analyzed for the most toxic elements. The uptake of elements by plants was dependent on the plant species and the concentration of elements in the soil. For example, Sr was the highest concentration in soil samples and plants, while Se was the lowest concentration in soil samples and pants. For the plants, the results showed that Bellevalia sp. had the highest elements uptake, while Allium rothii had the lowest elements uptake. The results of this work provide a valuable knowledge for understanding the bioavailability of some toxic elements in the soil and plants of Central Jordan. The results are expected to be of great help for the Jordanian Uranium Mining Company during their environmental risk assessments.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.4 s.173
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• pp.451-462
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• 2005

In order to examine the extent of environmental contamination at abandoned Samsanjeil Cu mines in Kosung-kun, Kyeongsangnam-do, we have investigated the contaminations and mobility of toxic trace elements from mine wastes including about 280,000 tonnages of tailings by chemical experiments (total extraction, partial extraction by 0.1N HCI and sequential extraction procedure). Total concentrations of trace elements showed that Cu, As, Co, Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations in tailings were 14.0, 3.6, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1 and 1.6 times greater than those in background soil, respectively. From the proportion of metals bound to the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, the comparative mobility of metals decrease in order of $Zn(29.0\%)>Cu(12.3\%)Pb(9.6\%)>Cd(3.0\%)>As=Co(0.0\%)$. Based on the concentrations, chemical speciations of tailings, waste rock and nearby soil, it was revealed that Cu and Zn were the most possible elements to contaminate the surrounding environment in Samsanjeil mine area. In addition, the tailings had total trace metal concentrations below Dutch guideline values except Cu, and they might not affect adverse impact on environment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.2042-2049
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• 2019

Ten gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material obtained from NIST, USA. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) installed at National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan has been used as a reliable and improved technique to determine concentration of various major/trace and toxic elements e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ti, Cd, Ga, Cr, V and Ni, in the Gizzard and Flesh samples of the broiler. The concentrations of all the detected elements in the samples are statistically significant. The certified and measured values of the elements in the reference material were in agreement with each other within a deviation of 7%. S, Cl, K and Ca are within tolerable limits and are good for human consumption. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were more than the acceptable limits of World Health Organization, WHO whereas Ga, As, Sn, Sb and Pb are not detected in most of the samples.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.499-502
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• 2013

Trace elements which are essential components of biological structures may also be toxic when present at levels above the amounts required for biological function. In our study, trace element levels were measured with furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 33 newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma cases (preoperative) and 32 healthy controls. When compared with the control group, it was found that the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) were higher and the levels of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) were lower in the patient group. These changes may be important in the formation of renal cell carcinoma, a question which should be explored with postoperative comparative studies.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2004

The chemical composition of PM$_{2.5}$ was measured at Gosan, Jeju for two weeks each in November 2001 and spring 2002. In the latter part of the measurement period of November 2001, designated as the polluted period in this work, secondarily formed ion components as well as primarily emitted elemental carbon were high. PM$_{2.5}$ mass concentration was also high in this polluted period compared with the yellow sand period, in which daily average of PM $_{10}$ peaked up to 520 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. Increase of major components of anthropogenic origin in the polluted period was not correlated with the variation in sea salt components while increase of crustal components in the yellow sand period was highly correlated with the variation in sea salt components. Trace elements were generally higher in the yellow sand period; however, toxic heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium and lead were the highest in the polluted period.d.d.d.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

The metals we are familiar with(Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, etc) are common elements and conservative pollutants. Although metals are often vital constituents of the metabolism of living organisms(trace elements}, a number of them are toxic if their concentration exceeds a certain threshold. It has long been recognized that measurements of trace metals in natural waters are often subject to large errors in terms of precision and accuracy. Since 1975 in US and European countries, seawater concentration of many trace metals have been shown to be factors of 10-1,000 lower than those previously accepted. Vertical profiles have been found to be consistent with known biological, physical and/or geochemical processes. These are resulted from major advances in analytical instrumentation and methodology for trace elements, and greater attention has been given to assuring the elimination of contamination during sampling, storage, and analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.397-409
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• 2004

There has been few studies of either domestic or international to apply CCT-ICP-MS for the precise analysis of As and Cr components associated with airborne particulate matter. To date, the use of CCT-ICP-MS is strongly recommended for the accurate analysis of the toxic trace metals; this is because CCT-ICP-MS technique prevents polyatomic spectral interferences involved in the determination of As and/or Cr components. Taking advantage of CCT-ICP-MS technique, the measurements of about 20 metals were undertaken in this study. The standard reference material (NIST SRM 2783) was used for analytical quality control. To improve analytical accuracy and of acid efficiency, we selected nitric acid based on a test of three kinds of acid for microwave digestion method 1 ) nitric acid. 2) nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. and 3) nitric acid and perchloric acid. When this method was employed, relative errors to SRM values of Al, As, Cr Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn fell below 20%, while those or Ca, Si, and Ti were higher than 20%. The overall results of our study show that the concentrations of As and V determined by CCT-ICP-MS were satisfied with the certificated values within a relative error of 20e1c, whereas those determined by ICP-MS were 10 times higher than the certificated values.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.459-467
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• 1997

Due to the growing demand for bottled mineral waters, a study was undertaken to determine the quality of the twenty six brands of domestic and imported drinking waters. The quality of water was evaluated by analyzing the twenty four elements including minerals, essential and/or toxic trace elements, and the analytical items to affect the taste of water. The contribution of drinking water to the mineral nutrition of human was calculated in order to investigate the health effect of drinking water. The taste of water was evaluated in terms of minerals, anions, TDS, alkalinity, hardness and pH.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.245-260
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• 1991

Surficial dispersion patterns of heavy metals and toxic elements (U, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, V, Ni, Pb, and Cd) were investigated in the Dukpyungri, Goesan area covered with low grade uranium-bearing black shales. Maximum abundance of U in the black shale was 455ppm. Radioactivity was counted at a maximum of 7cps in black shales, and was less than 0.5cps in shales, slates, and oil shales of the control areas. Enrichment of Mo, V, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in black shales is particularly characteristic compared with shales, slates, and oil shales of the control areas, whereas contents of Mn, Cr, Co, and Th in all rock samples tend to be almost similar. Residual top soils (0~15cm depth) over black shales show high contents of Mo, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and V in comparison with the control areas. Contents of trace elements in subsoils (15~30cm depth) were higher about one and half times than those in topsoils. Average contents of Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and V in garden soil and playground soil of an elementary school in Dukpyungri, Goesan area, were high about two to fifteen times compared with the control areas. Contents of trace elements in stream sediments were higher from two to eight times than those in residual soils. Sodium, AI, K, V, Cr, and Fe were more enriched in the roots of pine than in the twigs of pine. Contents of Li, AI, V, Ni, Cd, Fe, and Co were higher in the roots of azalea than in the twigs of azalea. Enrichment of P, Ca, and Mg was remarkable in the twigs of both pine and azalea. Biological absorption coefficients for essential elements (Zn, P, Mn, Ca and K)tend to be high, whereas those for the non-essential elements.(Ba, Ti, V, and Mo) and toxic elements(Cr, Co, Pb and Ni) be low. Less mobile elements (Pd, Cd, and Co) tend to show anomalies with higher contrast than more mobile elements(Mo, V, Zn, Cu and Ni) in the area covered with black shales.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.111-125
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• 1998

Dispersion, migration and enrichment of environmental toxic elements from the Samkwang Au-Ag mine area were investigated based upon major, minor and rare earth element geochemistry. The Samkwang mine area composed mainly of Precambrian granitic gneiss. The mine had been mined for gold and silver, but closed in 1996. According to the X-ray powder diffraction, mineral composition of stream sediments and soils were partly variable mineralogy, which are composed of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, amphibole, muscovite, biotite and chlorite, respectively. Major element variations of the host granitic gneiss, stream sediments and soils of mining and non-mining drainage, indicate that those compositions are decrese $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, $TiO_2$, $P_2O_5$ and LOI with increasing $SiO_2$ respectively. Average compositional ranges (ppm) of minor and/or environmental toxic elements within those samples are revealed as As=<2-4500, Cd=<1-24, Cu=6-117, Sb=1-29, Pb=17-1377 and Zn=32-938, which are extremely high concentrations of sediments from the mining drainage (As=2006, Cd=l1, Cu=71, Pb=587 and Zn=481 ppm, respectively) than concentrations of the other samples and host granitic gneiss. Major elements (average enrichment index=6.53) in all samples are mostly enriched, excepting $SiO_2$, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$, normalized by composition of host granitic gneiss. Rare earth element (average enrichment index=2.34) are enriched with the sediments from the mining drainage. Minor and/or environmental toxic elements within all samples on the basis of host rock were strongly enriched of all elements (especially As, Br, Cu, Pb and Zn), excepting Ba, Cr, Rb and Sr. Average enrichment index of trace elements in all samples is 15.55 (sediments of mining drainage=37.33). Potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) of the samples revealed that average enrichment index is 46.10 (sediments of mining drainage=80.20, sediments of nonmining drainage=5.35, sediments of confluent drainage=20.22, subsurface soils of mining drainage=7.97 and subsurface soils of non-mining drainage=4.15). Sediments and soils of highly concentrated toxic elements are contained some pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and goethite.