• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1314-1317
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• 2007

This study is on the fire resistance evaluation method, expecially on the toxicity of smoke gases generated from the fire, of materials for railway car and structures. Until now, Although international standard related to the quantifying evaluation method of smoke gas is provided but the specific procedure is not contained. On this reason, Test results of toxicity show deviation with the different technique being applied. For now, In advanced railway country, various instrument, like ion chromatography and etc., is used but FT-IR is recommended due to its lots of advantages. while FT-IR has a lot of strong points but still has some problems like water vapor interferences. In this paper, To improve credibility and repeatability of FT-IR it contains some technical solutions in quantifying the 8 toxic components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.212-214
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• 2015

독성가스는 반도체, LCD, 태양전지 등 첨산 산업 발달로 그 수요가 증가하고 있으나, 독성가스 용기 무단폐기 등 관리 및 유통에 대한 체계가 열악한 실정이다. 독성가스를 제조 유통하는 시설이 2013년 기준으로 2,774개소가 있으며, 2012년 가스사용량은 2010년 대비 62.5% 급증하였다. 대학교, 연구소 등 사용량은 적으나 독성가스를 사용하지만 고압가스안전관리법의 검사 대상에서 제외되는 기관도 4천개 이상이 되는 상태에서 이에 대한 유통 이력 추적 관리는 매우 중요한 상태이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는, RFID를 이용하여 독성가스 용기의 제조, 유통, 충전 및 폐기 전 영역에서 이력정보를 관리하는 독성가스 용기 유통 이력추적관리기술을 개발하였으며, 본 기술을 통하여 투명하고 추적 가능한 독성가스 용기 관리 체계를 갖추었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.178-184
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• 1997

The cone calorimeter as defined by ISO 5660, ASTM 1354, and NFPA 264A is used to assess the reaction to fire of almost any material that must be evaluated in the fire science field. Typical combustion gas analyses include oxygen, CO and CO2. Oxygen consumption is used to determine rate of heat release. Analysis of combustion gases other than oxygen, CO and CO2 has been attempted using filters to remove the solid smoke particles before analysis. This method has generated unreliable results due to the adsorption of many gas components on the active carbon . particles deposited on the filters. A technique using fourier Transform Infrared (FTIB) analysis without filtration will be disclosed and a discussion will be presented of the analytical results of toxic gases produced from various flame retarded polymeric materials. Use of such data in lethal toxic potency determinations is also reviewed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2008

Polymer-coated film SAW sensors have been fabricated and their sensing properties for toxic chemicals have been extensively investigated. Four types of the toxic chemical compounds of hydrogen cyanide(AC), carbonyl dichloride(CG), pinacolyl methylfluorophosphonate(GD), 2,2'-dichlorodiethylthio ether(HD) were used as target gases. SAW sensors using five different kinds of polymers were used to detect toxic chemicals and their gas sensing characteristics were investigated. The polymers used as the sensing materials were polyisobutylene(PIB), polyepichlorohydrin(PECH), polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), polybutadiene(PBD) and polyisoprene(PIP). The recommendable mixing ratio of PIB, PECH, PDMS, PBD and PIP to solvents were 1:30, 1:40, 1:10, 1:30 and 1:30, respectively. The sensing characteristics of the SAW sensors were measured by using E-5061A network analyzer.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1621-1625
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• 2010

Recently, due to increase in the usage of toxic gas and inflammability gas, the ability to monitor and precisely measurement of these gases is crucial in preventing the occurrence of various accidents. CuO doped and undoped $WO_3$ thick films gas sensors were prepared using screen-printing method on alumina substrates. A structural properties of $WO_3$:CuO thick films had monoclinic phase and triclinic phase of $WO_3$ together. Sensitivity of $WO_3$:CuO sensor at 2000 ppm of $CO_2$ gas and 50 ppm of $H_2S$ gas was investigated. 4 wt% Cu doped $WO_3$ thick films had the highest sensitivity of $CO_2$ gas and $H_2S$ gas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

At present, the elderly population in Korea is 14% of the total population and then We has entered an the society of advanced age. Along with this, elderly people with dementia and palsy are also increasing. The demand for elderly nursing homes for elderly people with severe diseases such as dementia and stroke is also increasing, and the existing buildings are being secured by Conversion of existing buildings. However, it is difficult to evacuate and fire due to the out of date of buildings by Conversion of existing buildings. For example, there is a fire in the Indukukwon, Pohang City and Hyosung Geriatric Hospital, Jangseong in Korea, which have changed the use of existing buildings. Many elderly people died in a night fire. It was because of the sandwich panel walls and PVC flooring material produced toxic gas instantly. In this study, we investigated the nursing home that changing the use and established fire prevention of human injury and countermeasure of evacuation. First, the sandwich panels which leading to deaths due to the toxic gas were installed in most nursing home. We recommend the RC, the masonry wall, and the glass fiber panel instead of the sandwich panels, In addition, the PVC flooring is most used in nursing home, the flooring material is considered such as the building stones, the tile, and the yellow soil closing instead of the PVC flooring. Second, we investigated the installation status of fire fighting equipment. As a result, the automatic-emergency open&shut equipment, the smoke ventilator and the evacuation slide were rarely installed. In order to secure the golden time in case of fire and to prevent the asphyxia caused by the toxic gas, the law should be amended to install the equipment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

In the case of a medium length road tunnel, the installation of a smoke control facility is not mandatory so users can suffer considerable injuries if a fire breaks out. Therefore, this study analyzed the high-temperature air and toxic gas generated by fire proliferating with time when a smoke barrier is not installed and when the installation interval is 100, 150, 200, and 250 m through 3-dimensional numerical analysis, evacuation simulation, and Quantitative Risk Assessment Methodology targeting the medium length road tunnel. As a result, the diffusion of the high-temperature air and toxic gas occurring from the a fire was delayed when the smoke barrier was installed in a medium length road tunnel compared to that when it was not installed. In addition, when the installation interval of a smoke barrier was 100m and the numerical analysis target was 100m, the diffusion of high-temperature air and toxic gas generated by the fire was delayed more than in the other cases, which was most suitable for tunnel users to evacuate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2013

The gas production plants supply the inert gas to production plants for maintaining safe operation and also supply combustible, flammable, explosive and toxic gases as functions of basic materials needed for producing chemical goods. In addition, gas plants need to be safe and reliable operation because they are operated under high temperature, high pressure, cryogenic and catalytic reactions. As these plants have a complex process in operation, there has been a risk that major industrial accidents such as a fire, explosion and toxic gas released, also risks of asphyxiations by inert gases and burns caused by high temperature and cryogenic substances. This study is to carry out the semi quantitative risk assesment method which is the generic risk analysis (GRA). This method is applied to air separation unit(ASU) to identify its initial risk, safety barriers, residual risk and elements important for safety(EIS). The result of this study, suggested the management tools and procedures of implementation for EIS management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2011

ZnO is a promising material since it could be applied to many fields such as solar cells, laser diodes, thin films transistors and gas sensors. ZnO has a wide and direct band gap for about 3.37 eV at room temperature and a high exciton binding energy of 60 meV. In particular, ZnO features high sensitivity to toxic and combustible gas such as CO, NOX, so on. The development of gas sensors to monitor the toxic and combustible gases is imperative due to the concerns for enviromental pollution and the safety requirements for the industry. In this study, we investigated the effect of substrate temperature and post-annealing on structural and electrical properties of ZnO thin films. ZnO thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at various temperatures at from room temperature to $600^{\circ}C$. After that, post-annealing were performed at $600^{\circ}C$. To inspect the structural properties of the deposited ZnO thin films, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out. For gas sensors, the morphology of the films is dominant factor since it is deeply related with the film surface area. Therefore, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to observe the surface of the ZnO thin films. Furthermore, we analyzed the electrical properties by using a Hall measurement system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.57-60
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• 2015

The removal efficiencies by elastic fire gas mask of toxic gases CO, HCl, HCN, and $SO_2$ produced by a fire have a key role in saving lives. The elastic fire gas mask comprises a visible window, elastic hood, gas purification canister, and air vent. It does not have hair or neck thongs, which makes it easy to use and put on quickly. This research examined the removal efficiency of toxic gases by such a mask. The removal efficiencies for CO with a background concentration of 2505.0 ppm were 99.99 and 99.98% after 3.5 and 8.5 min, respectively. The residual CO concentration was drastically increased after 8.5 min. The removal efficiencies for HCl, HCN, and $SO_2$ with background concentrations of 1003.0, 399.0, and 100.3 ppm, respectively, were 100% after 20 min.