• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Gravity thickening process has been widely used in WTP sludge thickening at domestic water treatment plant. The operation method of the process is very simple, however, the process requires long detention time about 24~48 hours for sludge thickening, uses polymer, and low total solids of thickened sludge to increase sludge thickening efficiency. To solve there problems, we studied about flotation process, especially, electro-flotation (EF) process in WTP sludge thickening. Electro-flotation process is simpler than dissolved-air-flotation(DAF) process because EF needs only electrode and current to generate micro-bubbles and the operation is easy. This study was performed at two batch columns to compare interface height, total solids, effluent turbidity between an electro-flotation thickening and a gravity thickening. According to the result, an electro-flotation thickening was that interface height was decreasing, total solids had high concentration, and effluent turbidity was low in comparison with a gravity thickening. Also, it will make the high efficiency of following process, such as a dehydrating process and digestive process. because of high total solids and low moisture content in the sludge.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2002

Milk samples with different phenotype combination of $\{kappa}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and different preheating temperatures of 30, 70, 75 and $80^{\circ}C$ were used for cheesemaking under laboratory conditions. For the 853 batches of cheese, mean composition was 59.64% total solids, 30.24% fat and 23.66% protein, and the whey contained 6.93% total solids, 0.30% fat and 0.87% protein. Least squares analysis of the data indicated that heating temperature of the milk and ${\kappa}$-CN/${\beta}$-LG phenotypes had significant effects on cheese and whey compositions. The total solids, fat and protein contents of cheese were negatively correlated with preheating temperatures of milk. Cheese from BB/BB phenotype milk had the highest and those from AA/AA phenotype milk had the lowest concentrations of total solids, fat and protein. Mean recoveries of milk components in the cheese were 53.71% of total solids, 87.15% of fat, and 80.32% of protein. For the 10 different types of milk, maximum recoveries of milk components in cheese occurred with preheating temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ or $75^{\circ}C$ and lowest recoveries occurred at $80^{\circ}C$. The whey averaged 6.94% total solids, 0.30% fat and 0.87% protein. Losses of milk components in the whey were lowest for milk preheated at $80^{\circ}C$ and for milk containing the BB/BB phenotype.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding milk replacer (MR) with varying levels of lactose and the increased supply of total solids (from 750 to 960 g/d) on performance, blood metabolites, and health of Holstein male calves during the preweaning period. Methods: Forty newborn Holstein calves (10 per treatment) were blocked according to birth weight and date of birth and distributed in a randomized block design to different liquid diets: Whole milk powder (WMP) diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 48% lactose (48L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 53% lactose (53L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; 53L MR corrected to 160 g/L solids (16TS) by the inclusion of a solid corrector. Calves were individually housed in wood hutches, fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, and had free water and starter concentrate access. The study lasted 56 days. Results: Liquid diet intake was higher for calves fed 16TS than for other treatments. Calves fed 16TS presented higher protein and fat intake, followed by those fed WMP and the 48L or 53L MRs. Lactose intake was higher for 16TS-fed calves, followed by 53L, 48L, and WMP-fed calves. Starter and total dry matter intake did not differ among liquid diets. The average daily gain was higher for 16TS than 48L-fed calves, with the other treatments being intermediary. The lowest feed efficiency was observed for calves fed 48L. No effects on health were observed, as well as on selected blood metabolites, except for albumin concentration, which was higher for calves fed 16TS and WMP. Conclusion: Higher total solids content (160 g/L) in MR increases nutrient intake and consequently improves the performance of dairy calves. Feeding MRs with levels of lactose up to 53% of the DM had no deleterious effect on the performance or health of the calves.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1980

Red ginseng was extracted with water and analyzed for yield, saponin, pectin and other chemical composition. It was found that: (1) The total solid content in extract after 6 times of extraction was 46.8%,: including 13.6% of centrifugal residue; (2) 83.7% of total extractable solids and 86% total saponin was extracted after the initial three runs of extraction. (3) No significant changes were observed in HPLC pattern of extracted saponins over a range of extractions; (4) The ratio of centrifugal residue to total solids increased as the number of extractions increased; (5) The ratios of fat, protein, reducing sugar and pectin contents decreased with repeating extraction while those of crude fiber, total sugar and 35% alcohol insoluble residue increased when they were compared with total solids.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-122
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• 1998

This study was conducted to blow the effect of postharvest physiological changes on garlic quality according to its ecotypes and storage temperatures. The changes of water, total soluble solids, crude stein, md total fructans were measured and the rates of respiration and sprouting were analyzed during storage at 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$. The decrease of water content and the increase of total soluble solids were reversely appeared during garlic storage. The crude protein content was gradually increased during storage but total fructan content was decrased. The respiration late was maximized at 60days after storage and the spouting rate was gradually increased. In the aspect of ecotypic characteristics, the water content, fructan content and sprouting rate were higher in 'Namdo' cultivar than those of southern type. The high storage temperature (30$^{\circ}C$) controlled spouting and loss of fructan, and it was effective to maintain the garlic quality.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.739-745
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• 2013

This paper investigated the runoff characteristics of different properties of suspended solids in streams according to the watershed characteristics and dry/rainy season. Suspended solids were divided into VSS and NVSS depending on volatilization. The main results of this study were as follows. TSS were more correlated with NVSS than VSS. Suspended solids were positively related with the proportion of urban > paddy > upland, negatively related with forest cover. VSS were positively correlated with POP and POC. VSS, measured in dry season, would partly result from autochthonous production and could be an indirect indicator of organic suspended solids.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.337-353
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• 2017

Membrane fouling at different solids retention times (SRT) (7, 12 and 20 days) was studied under well-controlled conditions in a laboratory-scale aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor under constant biomass concentration using a synthetic high strength wastewater. An increase in SRT was found to improve membrane performance and this correlated to changes in the total production of bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and the composition and properties of bound EPS using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and floc sizes. A larger amount of total bound EPS was found at the lowest SRT (7 days) tested but the ratio of proteins (PN) to carbohydrates (CH) in bound EPS increased with an increase in SRT. Similarly, the quantity of soluble microbial products (SMP) decreased with an increase in SRT and the SMP PN/CH ratio increased with an increase in SRT. SMP concentrations positively correlated to the percentage of membrane pore blocking resistance. The quantity of total bound EPS and total SMP positively corresponded to the membrane fouling rate, while the PN/CH ratio in the bound EPS and SMP negatively correlated to the membrane fouling rate. The results show that both the quantity and composition of bound EPS and SMP and floc sizes are important in controlling membrane fouling.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2009

부식용 채소로 이용되는 호박의 과실 품질을 손쉽게 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 호박의 식미와 가장 관련이 갚은 성분 중 하나가 총고형물의 양으로, '풋호박'과 '서울마디호박'의 과실내 총고형물이 각각 6.4 및 7.5%이었고 'Ford Zucchini'와 시판 '쥬키니' 품종은 각각 4.7 및 4.3%로 나타나 관능검사로 조사한 식미의 선호도 정도와 거의 일치하였다. 2. 분리세대에서 초장과 과실 품질 관련형질과의 상관관계가 없음을 알 수 있어, 초장이 짧은 우수 계통을 육성하는 것이 어렵지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 호박 과실을 건조시킨 후 무게를 측정하는 간이측정법으로 식미 품질을 파악할 수 있어, 호박을 재배하면서 손쉽게 품질을 평가할 수 있는 방법으로 활용될 것으로 생각된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

The effects of suspended solids size on culture water quality were determined in a commercial recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. The particulate phase of the culture water was serially divided into six size fractions using 300, 200, 100, 75, 45, and 26 ${\mu}m$ pore size stainless sieves. The total, dissolved, and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus, and suspended solids for each fraction were determined. The concentration ranges in the fractions were: total nitrogen, 164-148 mg $L^{-1}$; total phosphorus, 20.4-15.5 mg $L^{-1}$; and total suspended solids, 8.1-6.1 mg $L^{-1}$. The concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased significantly (P<0.05) with a 26 ${\mu}m$ and 200 ${\mu}m$ filter pore size, respectively. Nutrients from dissolved organic substances were much higher than from particulates. Analysis of particle size fractionation and its effects on water quality is useful to estimate removal efficiencies of a commercial effluent screening device for solid management and development of solid removal systems.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2014

슬러지의 안정화, 휘발성 고형물 감소, 바이오가스 생산을 위해 혐기성 소화공정이 슬러지의 처리 방안으로 연구됐다. 본 연구에서는 하 폐수 슬러지(MWS, IWS), 혼합슬러지(Mix), 탈수슬러지(MWSC)를 대상으로 바이오가스 생산 가능성을 살펴보기 위해 Total solids, Volatile solids, 원소분석, BMP 실험을 하였다. Total solids 함량은 11.2~20.6 %의 값을 가지며 Volatile solids의 함량은 TS의 62.1~83.1 %의 값을 가지고 있다. C/N비는 4.96~8.33의 값을 나타났다. BMP test를 한 결과 혼합슬러지의 경우 약 20일, 하 폐수 슬러지의 경우 약 16~17일에 메탄발생이 종료되었다. 탈수케이크는 약 10일까지 메탄이 발생하였으며 가장 빨리 메탄발생이 종료되었다. 누적 메탄발생량의 경우 혼합슬러지가 395.50 mL $CH_4/g$ VS으로 가장 높은 누적 메탄 발생량을 가진다. 누적 이산화탄소 발생량은 탈수케이크를 제외하고 비슷한 값을 보이고 있다.