• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.639-653
• /
• 2016

The present article discusses the effect of the ratio of bridge surface to total shear surface, number of bridge areas and normal stress on the failure behavior of the planar non-persistent open joints. Totally, 38 models were prepared using plaster and dimensions of $15cm{\times}15cm{\times}15cm$. The bridge area occupied $45cm^2$, $90cm^2$ and $135cm^2$ out of the shear surface. The number of rock bridges increase in fixed area. Two similar samples were prepared on every variation in the rock bridges and tested for direct shear strength under two high and low normal loads. The results indicated that the failure pattern and the failure mechanism is mostly influenced by the ratio of bridge surface to total shear surface and normal stress so that the tensile failure mode change to shear failure mode by increasing in the value of introduced parameters. Furthermore, the shear strength and shear stiffness are closely related to the ratio of bridge surface to total shear surface, number of bridge areas and normal stress.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.760-767
• /
• 2006

Underestimation of rock joint shear strength comes from an inadequate consideration of roughness mobilization behavior, which is changed by asperity size as well applied normal load. In this study, we performed rock joint shear tests, and studied the roughness mobilization characteristics related with the scale of normal stress and asperities. Test specimens with artificial triangular asperities were manufactured. The specimens consisted of 3 types, and each type represented unevenness, waviness and total roughness(superposition of unevenness and waviness). The experimental results show that the roughness mobilization characteristics are varied by the scale of normal stress and asperities. Furthermore, the investigation shows that the rate of geometrical component and mechanical component in the total roughness is also varied by the scale of normal stress and asperities. These results suggest that we should consider the roughness mobilization characteristics for the roughness quantification and the shear strength modelling.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.367-381
• /
• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns can be strengthened by direct fastening of steel plates around a column, forming composite actions. This method can increase both the total load bearing area and the concrete confinement stress. To predict the axial load resistance of strengthened RC columns, the equivalent passive confinement stress of the stirrups and the steel jacket should be accurately quantified, which requires the stress in the stirrups and shear force in the connections to be first obtained. In this paper, parameters, i.e., the stress ratio of the stirrups and shear force ratio of steel plate connectors are utilized to quantify the stress of the stirrups and shear force in the connections. A mechanical model for determining the stress ratio of the stirrups and shear force ratio of steel plate connectors is proposed and validated using the experimental results in a previous study. The model is found to be robust. Subsequently, a parametric study is conducted and the optimum stress ratios of the stirrups and the optimum shear force ratios of connectors are proposed for engineering designs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.1071-1084
• /
• 2022

The present study aims to investigate the dynamic properties of a novel isolation system composed of separate rubber and wire isolators. The testing program comprised pure compressive, pure-shear, compressive-stress dependence, and shear-strain dependence tests that used full-scale test specimens according to ISO 22762-1. A total of 22 test specimens were fabricated and investigated. Among the tests, the pure compressive test was a destructive test that reached up to the failure stage, whereas the others were nondestructive tests before the failure stage. Similar to the pure-shear test, at each compressive-stress level in the compressive dependence test or at each shear-strain level in the shear-strain dependence test, the cyclic loading was conducted for three cycles. In the nondestructive tests, examination of the dynamic shear properties in the X-direction was independent of the Y-direction. The test results revealed that the increase in the shear strain increased the energy dissipation but decreased the damping ratio, whereas the increase in the compressive stress increased the damping ratio. In addition, a macro model was developed to simulate the load-displacement response of the isolation systems, and the prediction results were consistent with the experimental results.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2004년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.245-248
• /
• 2004

The press cutter is productive equipment that practically manufactures materials such as fabrics, papers, films, leathers, rubbers etc. into the desired shapes using cutting method. Plate cutting process is one of the primary energy absorbing mechanisms in a grounding or collision event. The cutting mechanism is complicated and involves plastic flow of plate in the vicinity of the tip, friction between wedge and plate, deformation of plate. In this paper, we studied the effect of friction between cutter and plastic sheet for producing precise and superior products. The press cutter is analyzed numerically using MARC finite element program according to the variation of friction coefficients. The FEM results showed that normal stress, equivalent cauchy stress, normal total strain, equivalent total strain are good when friction coefficient is 0.0 and shear stress, shear total strain are good when friction coefficient is 0.8.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.134-153
• /
• 1988

This paper was carried out to investigate the existence of a unique stress- strain behavior by obtaining some factors influencing the time dependent stress- strain behavior of clay. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The relationship between stress ratro and strain in normally consolidated clay was in- dependent on pre-shear consolidation pressure. Therefore, shear strain could be expressed as a function with stress ratio. 2. The constitutive equation of shear strain on Modified Carn Clay Model coincided better with the observed value than Cam Clay Model. 3. The relationships between deviator stress and shear strain, between pore water pressure and shear strain were unified by the mean equivalent pressure. 4. The shear strain contour in norrnally consolidated clay was increased linearly through origin, but that in overconsolidated clay was not in accordance with the result of the former. 5. Because the effective stress path of normally consolidated clay was unified by the mean equivalent pressure, state boundary surface in (e,p,q) space was transformed into two dimensional surface. But it was considered to be suitable that the unified stress- strain in overconsolidated clay be expressed by a function with overconsolidation ratio. 6. The deviator for constant strain was increased linearly with increment of strain rate ($\varepsilon$) on semi-log scale, but pore water pressure was decreased. 7. The behavior of stress relaxation was transformed from linear to curvilinear with inc - rement of strain rate before stress relaxation test, and pore water pressure was increased in total range. 8. The strain of creep was increased linearly with increment of time on semi-log scale. The greater the strain rate before creep test became, the greater the increment of strain of creep became. And the pore water pressure during creep test was increased generally with increment of time on semi-log scale.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 연약지반에서의 재하/제하에 대한 안정해석과 응력-변형 해석시 전단 파라미터(UU; Unconsolidated Undrained, CU; Consolidated Undrained(전응력), ${\bar{CU}}$ ; Consolidated Undrained(유효응력))에 따른 초기 지중응력, 강도, 응력-변형 특성을 평가하였다. 시공단계를 고려한 유한요소 해석시 입력하는 전단 파라미터에 따라 초기 지중응력과 이후 해석 결과가 달라질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 특히, Mohr-Coulomb 모델의 입력 파라미터인 내부마찰각(Phi)을 0으로 입력하여 초기 지중응력과 이후 응력-변형 거동을 해석할 경우 잘못된 결과를 도출 할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 전응력 파라미터, CU를 초기 및 전단시 일괄 적용한 해석과 유효응력 파라미터, CU에서 전응력 파라미터, CU로 변경한 해석 결과가 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서, 연약지반에 대한 수치해석시 CU 파라미터를 적용하여도 초기 지중응력과 이후 응력-변형 거동에 큰 차이 없이 예측할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 실무에서 적용하기 편한 방법으로 실제 흙의 거동과 동일한 강도를 갖는 Mohr-Coulomb 모델의 전단 파라미터를 산정하는 방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 1999

팽창토에 설치된 직경 305 mm 현장타설말뚝의 18개월간에 걸친 거동을 관찰하였다. 계절적 함수량 변화에 따른 말뚝주변 흙의 부피 변화가 발생시킨 말뚝의 인발력을 측정하였고, 측정한 인발력에서 말뚝 단위 표면적당의 전단 응력을 계산하였다. 본 실험 말뚝에서는 최대 전단 응력은 54 kPa이 계산되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제32권3C호
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2012

진주 잔류토 사면의 실제 붕괴사례에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. 강우시 침투로 인하여 불포화층에서 유효응력과 전단 강도가 감소하여 안전율이 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 함수특성곡선을 이용하여 흡수응력에 기반한 유효응력을 산정하였다. 대상 현장에서 채취한 시료로부터 함수특성곡선, 투수계수, 전단강도와 관련한 불포화 물성들을 획득하였다. 실제 강우에 대한 불포화층의 침투해석을 수행하고 사면 지층의 간극수압 분포를 구할 수 있었다. 유한요소 응력장에서 탄성 해석으로 지층내 전응력을 계산하고 활동면에 작용하는 전단응력의 분포를 계산하였다. 활동면에 작용하는 흡수응력 및 유효응력을 산정하여 전단강도를 평가할 수 있었다. 이로부터 강우에 따른 안전율을 계산하였으며, 실제 강우에 의하여 사면이 활동이 일어나는 것을 모의할 수 있었다. 또한 활동면에서 흡수응력이 증가하고 유효응력이 감소하는 동시에 전단강도가 감소하는 것을 추적할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to improve our understanding about the influence of silt content on the stress-strain of sand under cyclic loading. Soil specimens were prepared by wet-tamping method as same void ratio and specimen's silt contents on total weights was changed from 0% to 20%. Also, effects of the silt contents on the stress-strain response were studied at different anisotropic consolidation ratio, Kc=1.0, 1.5, 2.0 condition. As a result, cyclic shear strength decreased as silt contents increased in same stress ratios. In same silt contents, cyclic shear strength increased as Kc increased in lower silt contents, but in higher silt contents, it had reverse results.