• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.278-282
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• 1998

생마늘의 풍미와 색상을 유지하면서 장기간 저장하기 위하여 정제염, 말토덱스트린과 dl-사과산을 첨가한 뒤 가열 처리하여 생마늘 페이스트를 제조하여 가공 공정을 검토하였고, 3$0^{\circ}C$와 5$^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 6개월 동안 저장하면서 품질 변화를 측정하였다. 생마늘 페이스트는 엽경을 제거하고 쵸핑하여 87%의 수율을 얻었으며 pH는 5.85로 측정되었다. 생마늘에 10%의 정제염, 10%의 말토덱스트린과 0.1%의 dl-사과산을 첨가한 뒤 85$^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 6개월 이상 저장할 때 풍미, 색상, thiosulfinate와 pyruvate의 함량, 관능 평가 및 품질의 변화를 거의 볼 수 없었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 생마늘에 10%의 정제염, 10%의 말토덱스트린과 0.1%의 dl-사과산을 첨가한 뒤 85$^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 가열 처리하여 생마늘 페이스트를 제조한 뒤 5$^{\circ}C$이 저온에서 보관하는 것이 품질 변화 없이 6개월 이상 장기 저장할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2019

마늘의 일부 품종에서 화학적 조성 및 생물학적 특성이 조사되었지만 현재 고아라 마늘의 주요 성분 및 생리활성에 대한 조사는 부족한 현실이다. 2012년 품종으로 등록된 고아라 마늘의 주요성분 및 생리활성을 측정하기 위하여 서귀포, 담양 및 남해에서 재배하여 비교하였다. 재배된 마늘 성분을 분석한 결과 서귀포에서는 황 관련 물질(알리인과 피루베이트 총량)과 항균 활성이 우수했으며 남해에서는 페놀 함량과 환원당 함량이 풍부하였으며, 담양에서는 총 플라보노이드 함량이 높게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 고려할 때 재배 지역 간에는 차이가 있었지만 고아라 마늘은 지금까지 보고된 다른 마늘 품종과 비슷하게 주요 성분함량과 생리 활성을 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 지역 농민, 유통 업자 및 소비자에게 유용한 정보가 될 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1983

Red cell glycolytic intermediates, metabolites and metabolic ratios were studied. Glycolytic intermediates were measured in neutralized perchloric acid extracts of red cell suspensions after 3 hr incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ in the presence and absence of saponin. Adenosine triphosphate(ATP), adenosine diphosphate(ADP), pyruvate and lactate were measured by enzymatic procedures involving stoichiometric oxidation or reduction of a pyridine nucleotide. Glucose was determined using glucose oxidase after zinc hydroxide extraction. The redox state was calculated from the lactate dehydrogenase equilibrium. Adenosine triphosphatase activity(ATPase) was measured by determining the amount of phosphate released from ATP by washed erythrocyte membranes(ghost) during 20 min. incubation. Both total hydrolysis and the amount of hydrolysis that occured in the presence of ouabain were measured. The second measurement yields Mg-ATPase and represents nonspecific ATPase activity of the membranes. The difference between total and Mg-ATPase activity can be attributed to Na-K-ATPase. For the measurement of sodium fluxes, human erythrocytes were preincubated in $^{22}Na$ for 3 hr at $37^{\circ}C$, washed and suspended in a tracer-free medium. The amount of $^{22}Na$ transported out of cells at any time was determined by analysis of supernatant samples taken at various time after addition of the labeled cells to isotope-free medium. The cells and medium were separated and the radioactivity appearing in the medium was measured. From the total radioactivity in the suspension and the radioactivity appearing in the medium at known time, the rate constant for sodium release was computed. The results are summarized as follows: 1) ATP and ATP/ADP were found to increase at every concentration of saponin tested whereas ADP declined at every cone. of saponin. The increase in pyruvate and lactate were observed at every cone, of saponin and thus $NAD^+/NADH$ computed from pyruvate/lactate also increased. Glucose utilization was stimulated by saponin. 2) $Na^+-K^+-ATPase$ activities showed a biphasic response to saponin, first increasing in lower concentration and then decreasing in higher concentration of saponin. 3) The efflux of sodium was significantly increased by saponin in the range of 5 to 10 mg%. The stimulatory effect of saponin on the rate constants for active(ouabain-sensitive) sodium efflux was inhibited by addition of ouabain.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.493-498
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• 1990

Antimetabolited인 6-aminonicotinamide(6-AN)가 토끼의 혈청내 효소 및 대사 물질에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 복강투여시 (l5mg/kg의 체중) 포도당과 콜레스테놀농도는 현저이 증가하였으나 알부민고 총단백질량은 크게 변하지 않았다. Creatine phophokinase,glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase,glutamic pyruvate transaminase 및 alctate dehydrogensenase활성은 매우 증가하였으며 alkaline phosphatase와 Ca, P, Na, K, Cl 및 Co등의 수준은 영향을 받지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.274-280
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• 1991

Effects of IPTG induction on cell growth and production of ${\beta}$-galactosidase-preS2 fusion protein (${\beta}$gal-preS2) were studied in a defined medium using a recombinant Escherichia coli JM109/pCMHB30. IPTG was added (0.2 mM) to induce the cloned-gene expression in the early-, mid-, and late-log growth phases. The most serious decreases in growth rate and plasmid stability were observed for the induction in the early-log growth phase. The expression level of ${\beta}$gal-preS2 attained by the induction in the mid-log phase was about 0.51 mg fusion protein/mg total cellular protein, which was 2- and 5-fold improvement over the levels obtained with the inductions in the early- and late-log phases. Formation of acidic byproducts including acetate and pyruvate showed different profiles during the fermentation period for each cases of induction; pyruvate was the major byproduct for the induction in the early-log phase while acetate production became more significant for the cases of inductions in the mid- and late-log phases.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

Nicotinic acid 결핍시 메추리는 심각한 체중의 감소를 보였으며, 심장 및 간의 무게도 약간 감소하였다. 포도당의 농도는 현저하게 증가하였으나 콜레스테롤, 알부민 그리고 총 단백질 양의 변화는 없었다. Glutamic oxaloacetate iransaminase 와 glutamic pyruvate transaminase의 활성은 증가하였으나 alkaline phosphatase와 LDH의 활성은 변화가 없었다. 혈청속의 아미노산중 tryptophan, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid 등의 농도는 감소하였으나, arginine, histidine, lysine 등은 변화가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.834-841
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) on the energy metabolism in thigh muscle of embryos and neonatal broilers. Methods: A total of 960 eggs were randomly assigned to three treatments: i) non-injected control group, ii) saline group injected with 0.6 mL of physiological saline (0.75%), and iii) CrPyr group injected with 0.6 mL of physiologi-cal saline (0.75%) containing 12 mg CrPyr/egg on 17.5 d of incubation. After hatching, 120 male chicks (close to the average body weight of the pooled group) in each group were randomly assigned to eight replications. The feeding experiment lasted 7 days. Results: The results showed that IOF of CrPyr increased glucose concentrations in the thigh muscle of broilers on 2 d after injection (p<0.05). Compared with the control and saline groups, the concentration of creatine in CrPyr group was increased on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Moreover, IOF of CrPyr increased the creatine kinase activity at hatch and increased the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Chicks in CrPyr group showed higher mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and GLUT8 on the day of hatch (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that IOF of CrPyr was beneficial to enhance muscle energy reserves of em-bryos and hatchlings.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2003

In the present study, Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) bark was extracted with methanol and water. The extracts were vacuum dried to yield the respective methanol (MET) and aqueous extract (AET). The extracts were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_{4})$ induced liver damage at 2 dose levels (250 and 500 mg/kg). The biochemical parameters observed in serum were total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels and total protein. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and total protein levels in liver were also evaluated. Histopathological study on the liver tissue was also performed. The extracts exhibited dose dependent reduction in total bilirubin, ALP SGOT, SGPT, AST, ALT and increase in total protein (serum and liver) levels. The extracts also exhibited only mild hepatocytic damage compared to the $CCl_{4}$ Treated group. MET was found to exhibit higher hepatoprotection than AET.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

The methanolic extract of natural roots of Mucuna pruriens was screened for hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) induced hepatotoxicity in Albino rats. The degree of protection was measured by estimating biochemical parameters like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, total protein and level of serum bilirubin (both total and direct). The extract also reduced $CCl_4$ induced lipid peroxidation both in-vitro and in-vivo. Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract at dose 300 mg/kg body weight, i.p., was comparable with standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, histopathological experiments were also carried out to support the study.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

시판 냉동다진마늘에 대한 전자선 살균 효과를 알아보고, 유효성분 및 항균활성에 대한 영향을 확인하기 위해 국산 및 중국산 시료에 대해 실험하였다. 냉동다진마늘은 4 kGy 이상의 조사처리에서 ND 이하의 미생물 수준을 나타내어 살균 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 시료의 수분은 국산에 비해 중국산에서 유의적으로 높은 함량이었으나, 조사에 따른 차이는 없었고, 전반적 색차는 4 kGy 이상의 선량에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 마늘의 total thiosulfinate 및 total pyruvate 함량은 살균을 목적으로 한 7 kGy 범위의 전자선 조사에서 비교적 안정하였다. 마늘의 alliin 및 allicin 함량은 4 kGy 범위의 전자선 조사에 영향을 받지 않으나, 7 kGy 선량에서는 특히 중국산 시료에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 마늘의 에탄올 추출액은 Y. enterocolitica 균주를 포함한 7종의 병원성균에 대해 우수한 항균효과를 나타내었고, 조사선량의 증가에 따라 clear zone이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과, 냉동다진마늘에 대한 4 kGy 범위의 전자선 조사는 생리활성 성분의 변화 없이 미생물학적 품질을 개선시킬 수 있는 적정 선량으로 확인되었다.