• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.629-640
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• 2014

In this study, the applicability of dynamic water quality model to TMDL system was examined, methods for setting of water quality goal and estimation of allocation loads were suggested and results of applying these methods were analyzed. HSPF model was applied for Miho stream basin as a dynamic water quality model. The model was calibrated using measurement data obtained in 2009~2010 and showed satisfactory performance in predicting daily variations of flow rate and BOD concentration. Methods for TMDL application were categorized into 3 cases; water quality management (1) considering low flow condition(Case I), (2) considering entire period of the year (Case II) and (3) considering the worst water quality condition (Case III). BOD water quality goals at the end of Miho stream watershed increased in the order of Case IICase I>Case III. If further researches on base precipitation and method for model input of nonpoint source pollutant were carried out, water quality could be managed more reasonably and scientifically by applying dynamic water quality model to TMDL. The result of this study is expected to be used as primary data for TMDL using dynamic water quality model.

• Water for future
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.85-95
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• 1993

Three purposes of this study are as follows: The first was the development of the extention method for the limited data observed in an urban drainage basin. The second was the analysis of the correlation between storm water runoff and NPS(non-point source) pollutant discharge, The last was the calculation of the monthly and annual specific NPS loads using the established correlation. the selected model was the SWMM monthly and annual specific NPs loads using the established correlation. The selected model was the SWMM (Storm Water Management model) developed by the US EPA(environmental Protection Agency). As a result of this study, the best correlation between storm wate runoff and NPS pollutants discharge was produced by the non-linear correlation between runoff rate(mm/hr)and specific loads rate(g/ha/sec)for all pollutants studied ; SS, COD, BOD, and TN. The best correlation through the analysis based on evently total mass was made by the linear correlation between the specific accumulated runoff(mm) and the specific accumulated loads(kg/ha) for CASE 1., and by the non-linear correlation for CASE 2. The NPS annual specific loads for the urban basin studied were 4933 kg/ha/year for SS, 775kg/ha/year for BOD, 3094kg/ha /year for COD,257kg/ha/year for TN, respectively. And the proportion of the NPS annual specific loads to the total annual specific loads were 42 % for SS, 13 % for BOD, 29% for COD, and 21 % for TN.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2008

Pollutant unit load developed by Ministry of Environment (MOE) in 1995 has been a tool commonly used for water quality management and environmental policy decision. In spite of the convenience of the method in application, the shortcoming of the method has been criticized especially for nonpoint source pollution from paddy field. In this paper the estimation procedures of pollutant unit load from paddy field in the major river basins (Han, Nakdong, Geum, and Youngsan river) were investigated, and some suggestions of improvement measures of the unit-load estimation were made. The investigation showed that the distributions of rainfall, run-off, and run-off ratio, which are the most important factors affecting discharge amount of pollutants, were not similar among river basins. Such differences seemed to result in a greater unit loads estimation at Han river and at Nakdong river watersheds compared to the others. Therefore, it is not likely to be rationale to compare unit load among the watersheds without consideration of such differences. We conclude that estimation of unit-load through an intensive monitoring of pollutant discharge is crucial for better estimation of unit-load. When such an intensive monitoring is not easy due to labor and expense restriction, we suggest that unit-load should be estimated based on the storm-events which is a representative rainfall-runoff event of the area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.714-722
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• 2017

The TPLMs is a system to manage the total amount of pollutants discharged from the watershed in order to achieve the target water quality of the river. In this process, the pollutant load can be classified into generation, discharge and delivery load. When using equation 2, the discharge coefficient should be 1. In case of using equation 3, it is considered that the discharge coefficient defined in the Technical Guideline should be applied. The delivery load is calculated as the product of the discharge load and the delivery ratio, and the delivery ratio is defined as the rate at which the pollutant discharged from the watershed reaches a specific point in the stream. In this study, the delivery ratio estimation method proposed by Hwang (2016) was applied to the Yonggang watershed in the Nakdong river. And the input data of QUALKO2 model was generated by using the estimated delivery ratio (equation 3) and the validation study was conducted by comparing with DRave (equation 2). As a result of the study, it is possible to use both the equation 2 and the equation 3, but it is necessary to change the methodology according to the application of the discharge coefficient.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2017

This study presented a surface water quality modeling framework considering the spatial resolution of pollutant load estimation to better represent stream water quality characteristics in the Saemangeum watershed which has been focused on keeping its water resources sustainable after the Saemangeum embankment construction. The watershed delineated into 804 sub-watersheds in total based on the administrative districts, which were units for pollutant load estimation and counted as 739 in the watershed, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and agricultural structures such as drainage canal. The established model consists of 7 Mangyung (MG) sub-models, 7 Dongjin (DJ) sub-models, and 3 Reclaimed sub-models, and the sub-models were simulated in a sequence of upstream to downstream based on its connectivity. The hydrologic calibration and validation of the model were conducted from 14 flow stations for the period of 2009 and 2013 using an automatic calibration scheme. The model performance to the hydrologic stations for calibration and validation showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) ranged from 0.66 to 0.97, PBIAS were -31.0~16.5 %, and $R^2$ were from 0.75 to 0.98, respectively in a monthly time step and therefore, the model showed its hydrological applicability to the watershed. The water quality calibration and validation were conducted based on the 29 stations with the water quality constituents of DO, BOD, TN, and TP during the same period with the flow. The water quality model were manually calibrated, and generally showed an applicability by resulting reasonable variability and seasonality, although some exceptional simulation results were identified in some upstream stations under low-flow conditions. The spatial subdivision in the model framework were compared with previous studies to assess the consideration of administrative boundaries for watershed delineation, and this study outperformed in flow, but showed a similar level of model performance in water quality. The framework presented here can be applicable in a regional scale watershed as well as in a need of fine-resolution simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.497-500
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• 2001

Constructed wetlands are among the recently proven efficient technologies for wastewater treatment. Compared to conventional treatment systems, constructed wetlands are low cost, are easily operated and maintained. Constructed wetlands are particularly sensitive to Nonp oint source pollution(NPSP) because they function as pollutant sinks. The objectives of this study were to review the necessary contents of survey and design factors for constructing constructed wetlands and develop a modified DSS-WQMRA model for design of constructed wetlands. From the results of the case studies, in order to attain BOD target water quality, 0.27%(SF), 0.66%(FWS) wetland area of the total basin is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.587-598
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• 1999

In recent years emissions of pollutants from ship sources, especially NOx and SOx, is controlled by IMO(International Maritime Organization). The emissions of pollutants from ship sources in Pusan is considerably large, because the number of ship's coming and going in Pusan port is larger than that of other ports in Korea. Since Pusan is under the strong influence of land-sea breezes, pollutants emitted from ship sources will be transported into the inland. Control of emissions from ship sources is required to devise effectively the policy of air quality management in Pusan. Therefore this paper considered the present condition of total pollutant sources and emission characteristics including in coastal urban area.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 1998

This study was to provide fundamental information on the characteristics and the process of water pollution in Korea and to establish proper policy and strategies to establish proper policy and strategies to deal with the future situation. Content analysis method with a daily newspaper was applied to achieve the purpose of the study. Total 447 articles about water pollution were obtained from the DongA daily newspaper during 1920-1993. The results showed like there. The articles were categorized to three aspects: water pollutant, the affect of the water pollution, and management and measures of water quality. Based on the number of articles and the analysis of the content, the transition of water pollution could be categorized to four periods. 1920~1971 (Period 1), 1972~1978(Period 2). 1979~1990(Period 3.). 1991~1993(Period 4).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1984

Air pollution has been one of the severe problems in city area. Sulfur dioxide is the major pollutant among the air pollutants. And the lichen as a botanical indicator have been used to predict the air pollution level. This study was carried out to evaluate the air pollution level in Taejon area through the field survey which were checked lichen status and sulfur dioxide content in the atmosphere. The results were as follows 1. The average sulfur dioxide content in Taejon area was 0.031ppm. The comparison of measurement methods were regression equation, Y= 0.357$\times$+0.014 and correlation factor, r = 0.771. 2. The maximum point of the SO$_2$ level was site No. 2(Daehwa-Dong), 0.087 ppm and the minimum, site No. 8 (Doma 2-Dong), 0.009ppm. 3. Total amounts of sulfur dioxide yearly emitted from Taejon area by fuel consumption estimated 29829.6 tons. 4. The relationship between degree of lichen and sulfur dioxide contents were 0.000~0.020ppm : Zone No. 2 0.020~0.060ppm : Zone No. 1 over 0.060ppm : Zone No. 0

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.429-433
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• 2007

Many researchers have made a study of NPS unit-loads and the scientific evaluation method which need for formulating and enforcing a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) management system and modifying a pollutant discharge loadings function. Some showed the event mean concentration (EMC) on single land-use. For the most parts, as the results showed on multiple land-uses, those cannot be used for NPS unit-loads calculation. NPS runoff shows various phenomena depending on rainfall monitoring data, therefore sampling methods and frequency for NPS monitoring must be different from the general monitoring for water quality trend assessment.