• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.899-905
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• 2022

연안오염총량관리제는 지자체에 오염물질부하량을 할당하고, 오염부하 삭감뿐만 아니라 바람직한 지역발전에 있어서 아주 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 광양만특별관리해역의 총량관리 도입에 앞서 해역으로 유입하는 오염물질의 유입부하와 광양만 해역의 수질상태를 조사하였고, 현재 연안오염총량관리를 실시하고 있는 다른 해역의 장기적인 현황을 살펴보았으며, 수회에 걸쳐 광양만 특별관리해역 환경자문위원회의 의견을 수렴하였다. 그 결과, 광양만에도 총량관리의 필요성이 인정되었으나, 시행에 앞서 우선 COD, TN, TP, 중금속, PAHs의 지속적인 모니터링과 함께 총량관리 도입의 경제성과 효율성과 같은 타당성 검토가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

Nonpoint source pollutant loading from watershed may cause a problem to the water quality of the reservoir and stream. The characteristics of stream flow and water quality were monitored to investigate the runoff loading of the Namdae-cheon watershed from May in 1999 to October in 2003. Stage-discharge rating curve at the stream gauging site was established, and annual stream runoff of the study watershed was estimated as 499.4∼1,330.8mm during four years. The concentrations of total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus of stream water quality ranged from 0.76 to 6.95mg/L and from 0.0010 to 0.2276 mg/L, respectively, where T-N was generally higher than the water quality standard 1.0 mg/L for agricultural water use. The loads by unit generation of pollutant mass with respect to population, livestock, land use in this watershed were calculated. The runoff pollutant loadings by concentrations of total-N and total-P were estimated during study period, where the annual runoff loading of total-P was much less than the load by pollutant mass unit generation. The relations between stream discharge and water quality were analysed, and there was a high correlation for total-N but low for total-P. These results will be used to develop the monitoring techniques and water quality management system of agricultural watershed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2016

Total Pollution Load Control (TPLC) calculates and manages the allowable pollutant load that is discharged from the watershed, which can meet the water quality target. Delivery Ratio (DR) is generally used for predicting the variation of pollutant mass balance between the pollutants discharged from the watershed and a certain point in the stream, and it is very important for estimation of accurate allowable pollutant load. The concept of DR in TPLC is different from prevalent DR, because DR in TPLC includes both the discharge of pollutants from the watershed and the delivery mechanism. Therefore, DR in TPLC should be estimated by using a proper and unified methodology. The appropriate method and equation for estimation of DR in TPLC was developed through the review of various methodologies, and the applicability of the equation was evaluated in a study area (Geumho A). Determination coefficients (R²) of regression were shown to be relatively high (BOD 0.71~0.87, T-N 0.86~0.90, T-P 0.62~0.69). Applicability of the developed methodology and equations was evaluated as appropriate for TPLC, and it is suggested.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.585-595
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• 2014

The temporal trends of the prioritized toxic water pollutants generated and discharged from the industrial facilities in the Geum-River basin, Korea were analyzed with the results of the nationwide Water Pollution Source Survey conducted in 2001 - 2012. The statistical results indicated rapid increase in the volume of raw toxic wastewaters whereas the amount of each toxic pollutant kept fluctuating for 12 years. Serious discrepancies in the survey data of the same type of industries demonstrated a low reliability of the survey result, which stemmed from several error factors. A unit-load for each type of industrial facility was devised to estimate the amount of prioritized toxic water pollutant based on the total volume of industrial wastewater generated from the same type of industrial facilities. The supplementary measures with an effective permit issuance policy and adding survey parameters of terminal wastewater treatment plants to use them as references to the Water Pollution Source Survey were suggested as means to minimize the errors associated with the false reports from the industries.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pollutant loads and its distribution, and to suggest the management of nonpoint sources in Daechong Reservoir. The loads from point and nonpoint sources such as population, industry, livestock and land use were calculated per stream or river with topography(1:25,000) of the watershed of Daechong Reservoir. The generating pollutant loads were obtained through multiplication of pollutant sources by generating pollutant quantity per unit pollutant source. The effluent point sources loads is defined as loads from wastewater treatment facilities such as domestic, industrial and livestock wastewater treatment facilities, which were calculated through multiplication of effluent flowrates by water quality constituents concentration. Untreated point sources loads were estimated to be 35 % of total point sources loads. The effluent nonpoint sources pollutant loads were obtained through the multiplication of generating nonpoint sources loads by effluent ratios based on previous studies. The effluent nonpoint sources loads have the ratio of 26.2% of total BOD effluent loadings, 20.1% of total T-N effluent loadings, and 10.5% of total T-P effluent loadings. For the reduction of nonpoint sources loads in Daechong Reservoir, silviculture, artificial wet land, and grassed waterways could be applied. And untreated livestock waste scattered can result in nonpoint loadings, so required the livestock wastes treatment facilities and purifying facilities together with the management of shed, pasture, livestock waste storage site and composting site. Finally, remote sensing and GIS should be applied to the identification of distribution of water quality, watershed, the location and scale of nonpoint sources, effluent process during rainfall, for more detailed analysis of nonpoint sources.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2010

The effects of low impact development (LID) techniques, such as green roofs and porous pavements, on the runoff and pollutant load from an apartment complex were simulated using the Site Evaluation Tool (SET). The study site was the Olympic Village, a preexisting apartment complex in Seoul, South Korea, which has a high percentage of impervious surfaces (approximately 72% of the total area). Using the SET, the effects of replacing parking lots, sidewalks and driveways (37.5% of the total area) having porous pavements and rooftops (14.5% of the total area) with green roofs were simulated. The simulation results indicated that LID techniques reduced the surface runoff, and peak flow and pollutant load, and increased the evapotranspiration and soil infiltration of precipitation. Per unit area, the green roofs were better than the porous pavements at reducing the surface runoff and pollutant loads, while the porous pavements were better than green roofs at enhancing the infiltration to soil. This study showed that LID methods can be useful for urban stormwater management and that the SET is a useful tool for evaluating the effects of LID on urban hydrology and pollutant loads from various land covers.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2015

It has been well known that it is not easy to quantify pollutant loads driven by non-point source pollution due to various factors affecting generation and transport mechanism of it. Especially pollutant loads through baseflow have been investigated by limited number of researchers. Thus in this study, the Web-based WAPLE (WHAT-Pollutant Load Estimation) system was developed and applied at study watersheds to quantify baseflow contribution of pollutant. In YbB watershed, baseflow contribution with WWTP discharge is responsible for 49.5% of total pollutant loads at the watershed. Among these, pollutant loads through baseflow (excluding any WWTP discharge) is responsible for 61.7% of it. In GbA watershed, it was found that 58.4% is contributed by baseflow with WWTP discharge 2.9% and 97.1% is by baseflow. For NbB watershed (without WWTP discharge), 52.3% of pollutant load is transported through baseflow. As shown in this study, it was found that over 50.0% of TN (Total Nitrogen) pollutant loads are contributed by non-direct runoff. Thus pollutant loads contributed by baseflow and WWTP discharge as well as direct runoff contribution should be quantified to develop and implement watershed-specific Best Management Practices during dry period.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.700-714
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• 2015

The characteristic of the water quality and pollutant discharge was analyzed at the units watershed of the total amount management in Han-river basin, and after classified in a similar area by multivariate statistical analysis, the main trend such as the water quality trend and pollutant discharge characteristic were analyzed. As a result of this study, the density of the pollutant at the unit watershed is not necessarily identified as discharge density, and the primary management watershed and targeted substances were analyzed depending on the operating status of the environmental infrastructure in watershed and the main pollution factor and discharge path per pollutants. As a result of cluster analysis, watersheds were classified into four groups according to discharge characteristics. It will be used when selecting target area of primary management that is appropriate to the characteristics of each river and establishing efficient water quality improvement plans.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.418-428
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to predict the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and to evaluate land-based pollutant loads in the future under Total Water Pollution Load Management System using CLUE-S model. For these ends, sensitive parameters of conversion elasticities in CLUE-S model were calibrated and these calibrated parameters of conversion elasticities, level II land cover map of year 2009, and 7 driving factors of land use changes were used in predicting future land uses in 2002 with two scenarios(Scenario 1: non area restriction, Scenario 2: area restriction). This projected land use map of 2020 was used to estimate land-based pollutant loads. It was expected that urban areas will increase in 2020 from both scenarios 1 and 2. In Scenario 1, urban areas are expected to increase within greenbelt areas and deforest would be expected. Under Scenario 2, these phenomena were not expected. Also the results of estimation of BOD and TP pollutant loads, the BOD difference between scenarios 1 and 2 was 719 kg/day in urban areas and TP difference was 17.60 kg/day in urban areas. As shown in this study, it was found that the CLUE-S model can be useful in future pollutant load estimations because of its capability of projecting future land uses considering various socio-economic driving factors and area-restriction factors, compared with conventionally used land use prediction model.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2001

옥정호에 대한 수질변화 조사 자료를 토대로 수질모의를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 바탕으로 효율적인 댐저수지 수질관리 방안을 제시하였다. 옥정호의 수질은 계절에 다라 중영양상태와 부영양상태를 나타내는 것으로 평가되었으며 이러한 수질상태는 외부로부터 유입되는 오염원에 많은 영향을 받게 되므로 우선 유역으로부터 유입되는 오염부하의 정확한 산정이 필요한 것으로 평가되었다. 1999년에 조사한 7차례의 강우기간 중 총 부하와 일년간 발생한 총 부하를 비교하면 강우량은 17.5%인데 비해 SS는 72.8%, TN과 TP는 약 50%가 강우기에 유입되는 것으로 조상되었다. 또한 퇴적물의 용출율은 TP의 경우 가두리 양식장이 운영되던 지점에서는 11.92 mg/L, 정기수질 조사지점에서 0.2∼1.9 mg/L로 국내·외 자료와 비교하여 용출율이 작은 것으로 나타났다. 댐저수지 수질관리 방안 수립을 위하여 WASP5 모형을 적용하였으며 검증된 결과를 이용하여 각 소유역에서 오염부하 삭감에 따른 6가지 방안에 대한 수질모의를 실시하였고 각각에 대한 수질개선 효과를 제시하였다. 가장 효율적인 방안은 임실천 유역과 관촌교 유역의 오염부하를 제어하는 방안으로 평가되었으며, 가장 수질개선효과가 좋은 것은 대표 세유역의 오염부하를 제어하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 수질개선을 위한 하·폐수처리장의 건설 적지를 제시하였다.