• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.899-905
• /
• 2022

Seawater management via Total Pollutant Load Management System (TPLMS) is crucial because it enables local governments to optimally allocate pollutant loads in order to best reduce pollutant load burden while supporting reasonable development. This study analyzed the feasibility of introducing a TPLMS on Gwangyang Bay, a specially managed sea area. We researched the inflow of pollutants and analyzed the present state of seawater quality in Gwangyang Bay and then discussed our findings and reviewed other specially managed sea area with the Gwangyang Bay Advisory Committee. We conclude that TPLMS on Gwangyang Bay is needed and suggest checking economic feasibility, ef iciency, and conducting continuous monitoring of seawater quality indicators such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), heavy metals and polcyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) prior to introducing a TPLMS in Gwangyang Bay.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.45 no.7
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2003

Nonpoint source pollutant loading from watershed may cause a problem to the water quality of the reservoir and stream. The characteristics of stream flow and water quality were monitored to investigate the runoff loading of the Namdae-cheon watershed from May in 1999 to October in 2003. Stage-discharge rating curve at the stream gauging site was established, and annual stream runoff of the study watershed was estimated as 499.4∼1,330.8mm during four years. The concentrations of total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus of stream water quality ranged from 0.76 to 6.95mg/L and from 0.0010 to 0.2276 mg/L, respectively, where T-N was generally higher than the water quality standard 1.0 mg/L for agricultural water use. The loads by unit generation of pollutant mass with respect to population, livestock, land use in this watershed were calculated. The runoff pollutant loadings by concentrations of total-N and total-P were estimated during study period, where the annual runoff loading of total-P was much less than the load by pollutant mass unit generation. The relations between stream discharge and water quality were analysed, and there was a high correlation for total-N but low for total-P. These results will be used to develop the monitoring techniques and water quality management system of agricultural watershed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.375-383
• /
• 2016

Total Pollution Load Control (TPLC) calculates and manages the allowable pollutant load that is discharged from the watershed, which can meet the water quality target. Delivery Ratio (DR) is generally used for predicting the variation of pollutant mass balance between the pollutants discharged from the watershed and a certain point in the stream, and it is very important for estimation of accurate allowable pollutant load. The concept of DR in TPLC is different from prevalent DR, because DR in TPLC includes both the discharge of pollutants from the watershed and the delivery mechanism. Therefore, DR in TPLC should be estimated by using a proper and unified methodology. The appropriate method and equation for estimation of DR in TPLC was developed through the review of various methodologies, and the applicability of the equation was evaluated in a study area (Geumho A). Determination coefficients (R²) of regression were shown to be relatively high (BOD 0.71~0.87, T-N 0.86~0.90, T-P 0.62~0.69). Applicability of the developed methodology and equations was evaluated as appropriate for TPLC, and it is suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.585-595
• /
• 2014

The temporal trends of the prioritized toxic water pollutants generated and discharged from the industrial facilities in the Geum-River basin, Korea were analyzed with the results of the nationwide Water Pollution Source Survey conducted in 2001 - 2012. The statistical results indicated rapid increase in the volume of raw toxic wastewaters whereas the amount of each toxic pollutant kept fluctuating for 12 years. Serious discrepancies in the survey data of the same type of industries demonstrated a low reliability of the survey result, which stemmed from several error factors. A unit-load for each type of industrial facility was devised to estimate the amount of prioritized toxic water pollutant based on the total volume of industrial wastewater generated from the same type of industrial facilities. The supplementary measures with an effective permit issuance policy and adding survey parameters of terminal wastewater treatment plants to use them as references to the Water Pollution Source Survey were suggested as means to minimize the errors associated with the false reports from the industries.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pollutant loads and its distribution, and to suggest the management of nonpoint sources in Daechong Reservoir. The loads from point and nonpoint sources such as population, industry, livestock and land use were calculated per stream or river with topography(1:25,000) of the watershed of Daechong Reservoir. The generating pollutant loads were obtained through multiplication of pollutant sources by generating pollutant quantity per unit pollutant source. The effluent point sources loads is defined as loads from wastewater treatment facilities such as domestic, industrial and livestock wastewater treatment facilities, which were calculated through multiplication of effluent flowrates by water quality constituents concentration. Untreated point sources loads were estimated to be 35 % of total point sources loads. The effluent nonpoint sources pollutant loads were obtained through the multiplication of generating nonpoint sources loads by effluent ratios based on previous studies. The effluent nonpoint sources loads have the ratio of 26.2% of total BOD effluent loadings, 20.1% of total T-N effluent loadings, and 10.5% of total T-P effluent loadings. For the reduction of nonpoint sources loads in Daechong Reservoir, silviculture, artificial wet land, and grassed waterways could be applied. And untreated livestock waste scattered can result in nonpoint loadings, so required the livestock wastes treatment facilities and purifying facilities together with the management of shed, pasture, livestock waste storage site and composting site. Finally, remote sensing and GIS should be applied to the identification of distribution of water quality, watershed, the location and scale of nonpoint sources, effluent process during rainfall, for more detailed analysis of nonpoint sources.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2010

The effects of low impact development (LID) techniques, such as green roofs and porous pavements, on the runoff and pollutant load from an apartment complex were simulated using the Site Evaluation Tool (SET). The study site was the Olympic Village, a preexisting apartment complex in Seoul, South Korea, which has a high percentage of impervious surfaces (approximately 72% of the total area). Using the SET, the effects of replacing parking lots, sidewalks and driveways (37.5% of the total area) having porous pavements and rooftops (14.5% of the total area) with green roofs were simulated. The simulation results indicated that LID techniques reduced the surface runoff, and peak flow and pollutant load, and increased the evapotranspiration and soil infiltration of precipitation. Per unit area, the green roofs were better than the porous pavements at reducing the surface runoff and pollutant loads, while the porous pavements were better than green roofs at enhancing the infiltration to soil. This study showed that LID methods can be useful for urban stormwater management and that the SET is a useful tool for evaluating the effects of LID on urban hydrology and pollutant loads from various land covers.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2015

It has been well known that it is not easy to quantify pollutant loads driven by non-point source pollution due to various factors affecting generation and transport mechanism of it. Especially pollutant loads through baseflow have been investigated by limited number of researchers. Thus in this study, the Web-based WAPLE (WHAT-Pollutant Load Estimation) system was developed and applied at study watersheds to quantify baseflow contribution of pollutant. In YbB watershed, baseflow contribution with WWTP discharge is responsible for 49.5% of total pollutant loads at the watershed. Among these, pollutant loads through baseflow (excluding any WWTP discharge) is responsible for 61.7% of it. In GbA watershed, it was found that 58.4% is contributed by baseflow with WWTP discharge 2.9% and 97.1% is by baseflow. For NbB watershed (without WWTP discharge), 52.3% of pollutant load is transported through baseflow. As shown in this study, it was found that over 50.0% of TN (Total Nitrogen) pollutant loads are contributed by non-direct runoff. Thus pollutant loads contributed by baseflow and WWTP discharge as well as direct runoff contribution should be quantified to develop and implement watershed-specific Best Management Practices during dry period.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.700-714
• /
• 2015

The characteristic of the water quality and pollutant discharge was analyzed at the units watershed of the total amount management in Han-river basin, and after classified in a similar area by multivariate statistical analysis, the main trend such as the water quality trend and pollutant discharge characteristic were analyzed. As a result of this study, the density of the pollutant at the unit watershed is not necessarily identified as discharge density, and the primary management watershed and targeted substances were analyzed depending on the operating status of the environmental infrastructure in watershed and the main pollution factor and discharge path per pollutants. As a result of cluster analysis, watersheds were classified into four groups according to discharge characteristics. It will be used when selecting target area of primary management that is appropriate to the characteristics of each river and establishing efficient water quality improvement plans.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.418-428
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to predict the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and to evaluate land-based pollutant loads in the future under Total Water Pollution Load Management System using CLUE-S model. For these ends, sensitive parameters of conversion elasticities in CLUE-S model were calibrated and these calibrated parameters of conversion elasticities, level II land cover map of year 2009, and 7 driving factors of land use changes were used in predicting future land uses in 2002 with two scenarios(Scenario 1: non area restriction, Scenario 2: area restriction). This projected land use map of 2020 was used to estimate land-based pollutant loads. It was expected that urban areas will increase in 2020 from both scenarios 1 and 2. In Scenario 1, urban areas are expected to increase within greenbelt areas and deforest would be expected. Under Scenario 2, these phenomena were not expected. Also the results of estimation of BOD and TP pollutant loads, the BOD difference between scenarios 1 and 2 was 719 kg/day in urban areas and TP difference was 17.60 kg/day in urban areas. As shown in this study, it was found that the CLUE-S model can be useful in future pollutant load estimations because of its capability of projecting future land uses considering various socio-economic driving factors and area-restriction factors, compared with conventionally used land use prediction model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.487-497
• /
• 2001

Investigated data on Lake Okjeong were used for the simulation of water quality. According to the simulation results, the effective scheme of water quality management on reservoir has been proposed. It has been recognized that the water quality of Lake Okjeong is under eutrophic and mesotrophic condition even though there are seasonal variation. The water quality of lake is mainly affected by the inflow of pollutant load from watershed. Therefore, to estimate and quantify the accurate amounts of pollutants flowing into reservoir is absolutely necessary for the effective management of water quality on Lake Okjeong. When the pollutant load measured during 7 different rainy periods in 1999 was compared with total pollutant load in 1999. TN and TP measured during 7 different rainy periods showed almost 50% of total pollutant load. In case of SS, it was 72.8%. On the other hand, the rainfall amount measured during the 7 different rainy periods was about 17.5% of total rainfall amount in 1999. Release rate of TP shows 11.92 mg/L at fish farm site and 0.2∼1.9 mg/L at monitoring station of water quality on Lake Okjeong, and which is considered to be less than that of other foreign reservoirs under the circumstances of anoxic condition. For the effective management of water quality on Lake Okjeong. WASP5 water quality simulation model has been applied and verified, and the verified model was used to propose the effective scheme of water quality management. In this case, 6 different scenarios were applied, by changing the amount of inflow of pollutant load in each subbasin. The most effective scheme has turned out that pollutant load generated from Imsil and Gwanchon subbasin should be reduced, and the best way to improve the water a quality is to reduce the pollutant load at every subbasin. According to the simulation result, wastewater treatment facility should be located at every subbasin.