• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2013

Measurement of the phosphorus concentration in aerosols in Beijing, which was a representative East Asian mega-city, was carried out. The optimum procedure for analyzing phosphorus in aerosols was found in this study. Recovery of phosphorus in environmental samples through the improved method was almost 100%. The concentration of phosphorus in TSP was $145{\pm}47\;ng/m^3$, with a seasonal variation showing high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. The concentrations of phosphorus in $PM_{2.5}$ accounted for $35{\pm}6%$ of those in TSP, with no seasonal variations. The major source of phosphorus in aerosols in Beijing was soil dust, and additional sources of phosphorus in fine particles could be coal combustion and biomass burning.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.689-695
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and to predict of eutrophication in lakes by using Vollenweider-OECD model and total phosphorus concentration and inflow rate which were measured in 1993∼2001. The results of study were as follows. The annual total phosphorus loading from the watershed was calculated to be 55∼195tP/yr at lake Soyang, 221∼466tP/yr at lake Taechong, 123∼278tP/yr at lake Andong, 57∼109tP/yr at lake Seomjin. These are discharged, far the most parts, from population and fishfarm facility. TP loading on the surface area at lake Soyang was 3.01gP/㎡/yr, 2.82gP/㎡/yr, 2.84gP/㎡/yr, 3.03gP/㎡/yr, 2.34gP/㎡/yr, 1.78gP/㎡/yr, 0.91gP/㎡/yr, 0.89gP/㎡/yr, 0.86gP/㎡/yr, lake Taechong was 6.71gP/㎡/yr, 7.25gP/㎡/yr, 7.24gP/㎡/yr, 6.53gP/㎡/yr, 6.50gP/㎡/yr, 7.06gP/㎡/yr, 7.04gP/㎡/yr, 4.05gP/㎡/yr, 3.44gP/㎡/yr and TP loading on the surface area of lake Andong, lake Soemjin were 5.39gP/㎡/yr, 4.47gP/㎡/yr, 4.56gP/㎡/yr, 4.45gP/㎡/yr, 3.33gP/㎡/yr, 2.38gP/㎡/yr, 2.53gP/㎡/yr, 2.46gP/㎡/yr, 2.54gP/㎡/yr, 4.09gP/㎡/yr, 4.10gP/㎡/yr, 3.98gP/㎡/yr, 3.73gP/㎡/yr, 2.80gP/㎡/yr, 3.46gP/㎡/yr, 3.22gP/㎡/yr, 2.19gP/㎡/yr, 2.13gP/㎡/yr respectively. The tropic states of four lakes can be assessed as eutrophy because phosphorus leading exceeds the critical phosphorus loading by Vollenweider-OECD model.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1B호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 호소 바닥의 저니에서 용출된 인이 수질에 악영향을 미치는 것을 제어하기 위하여 모래를 재료로 하는 캡핑을 저니 위에 포설할 때 기대할 수 있는 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 실험실에서 제작된 칼럼을 외부 공기의 유출입이 없도록 폐쇄하고, 인의 농도가 높은 저니층에서 인의 용출로 인한 상등수의 인농도 변화와 모래로 이루어진 캡핑으로 격리 처리된 저니층에서 인의 용출로 인한 상등수의 인 농도 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 캡핑을 하지 않은 칼럼과 40 mm, 80 mm 캡핑 두께의 3가지 칼럼으로 시험을 수행하였고, DO, ORP, TP, $PO_4$-P를 측정하였다. 캡핑을 하지 않은 칼럼이 80 mm의 모래 캡핑을 한 칼럼보다 4배 이상의 TP농도 증가가 있은 반면 $PO_4$-P의 경우는 큰 차이가 나지 않았다. 본 실험조건에서 모래로 캡핑한 저니의 경우 캡핑이 되지 않은 저니 보다 인의 용출로 인한 상등수의 인의 농도를 저감할 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1609-1613
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P) in copra expellers (CE), palm kernel expellers (PKE), and cassava root (CR). Eight barrows (initial BW of 40.0 kg, SD = 4.5) were individually housed in metabolism crates. A replicated $4{\times}3$ incomplete Latin square design was employed involving 4 dietary treatments, 3 periods, and 8 animals. Three experimental diets contained 40% CE, PKE or CR as the only source of P. A P-free diet mainly based on corn starch, sucrose, and gelatin was also prepared to estimate the basal endogenous loss of P. The marker-to-marker method was used for fecal collection. Values for the ATTD of P in the CE and PKE were greater than in the CR (46.0 and 39.7 vs -14.0%; p<0.05). However, the STTD of P did not differ greatly among the test ingredients (56.5, 49.0, and 43.2% in the CE, PKE, and CR, respectively). In conclusion, the ATTD of P values in CE and PKE were greater than that in CR, but the STTD of P did not differ greatly among CE, PKE, and CR.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

This research aims to develop biofilm process for the nutrient removal of piggery wastewater. The developed process is the four stage anoxic-oxic biofilm process with recirculation of the final effluent. In summery, the results are as follows: 1. Nitrification in the piggery wastewater built up nitrite because of the high strength ammonia nitrogen. The nitrification of nitrobacter by free ammonia was inhibited in the total ammonia nitrogen loading rate with more than 0.2 kgNH$_{3}$-N/m$^{3}$·d. 2. The maximal total ammonia nitrogen removal rate was obtained at 22$\circ $C and without being affected by the loading rate. But total oxidized nitrogen production rate was largely affected by loading rate. 3. Autooxidation by the organic limit was a cause of the phosphorus release in the aerobic biofilm process. But the phosphorus removal rate was 90 percent less than the influent phosphorus volumetric loading rate of above 0.1 kgP/m$^{3}$·d. Therefore, the phosphorus removal necessarily accompanied the influent loading rate. 4. On the anoxic-oxic BF process, the total average COD mass balance was approximately 67.6 percent. Under this condition, the COD mass removal showed that the cell synthesis and metabolism in aerobic reactor was 42.8 percent and that the denitrification in anoxic reactor was 10.7 percent, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.254-257
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• 2000

Water quality monitoring network was established at the agricultural watershed located at the Namdae-chon watershed of Seolchon-myon, Muju-gun, Chollabuk-do, Korea which is 22,560 ha in size. Based on total amount of stream flow loads of nitrogen and phosphorus from the agricultural watershed were estimated. About 4.48 (1,011 ha), 7.02 (1,585 ha), and 86.82% (19,609 ha) of the site were used for paddy fields, upland fields, and forests, respectively. During the period of 6 months from May 1 to October 31, 1999, the total amounts of precipitation and stream flow were 993.2 mm and $148,533,000m^3$ respectively. The loads of agricultural non-point sources accrued by land use were 83,526 kg, 24,508 kg, 49,705 kg, and 215 kg for total-N, ammonia-N, nitrate-N, and total-P, respectively. Results showed that 23.4 and 0.1 % of the applied nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, respectively, were estimated to load into the streams as agricultural non-point sources.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제31권A호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the cost effectiveness in line with total phosphorus standard enforcement of public sewage treatment facilities. The additional cost for the total phosphorus removal process was calculated to analyze the cost effectiveness of the advanced water purification process. The analysis results showed that the T-P removal by coagulation sedimentation was more efficient than the advanced water purification facilities in terms of facilities investment cost, and if the coagulation filteration was used for T-P removal, the activated carbon process among the advanced water purification techniques was more efficient in terms of facilities investment cost. In this study, the effects of the T-P removal process that will be additionally introduced according to the tightening of the effluent T-P standard were analyzed within a limit. The actual benefits of improved T-P concentration in the water source will provide diverse values, including the leisure water, environment improvement water, eco-system in the water source and industrial water, in addition to the advanced water purification.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1764-1769
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• 2000

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the antioxidant effect of nitrite on total, neutral, and polar lipids and fatty acid composition in laboratory-cooked ground pork. Muscle samples (Biceps femoris) were analyzed using Iatroscan, gas chromatography, phosphorus content, and TBARS value. The total and neutral lipid contents of muscle were higher in nitrite-untreated meat (0 ppm) than in nitrite-treated meat (100 ppm) but the reverse was observed for polar lipid contents. The results for neutral lipids showed a similar trend when compared with total lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contents of total, neutral and polar lipid in 100 ppm treated meat were higher than that of 0 ppm. The phosphorus content was higher in 100 ppm meat than in 0 ppm but the reverse was observed for TBARS value. These results showed that the addition of 100 ppm nitrite to ground pork resulted in a remarkable antioxidant effect during refrigeration storage.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: With increasing public awareness to environment-friendly agriculture, many efforts have been run to develop organic farming technologies in Korea as of late 90s. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different organic farming practices on soil chemical properties and water quality in paddy fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored for a two-year period (2006 to 2007) from the study organic paddy fields located in Wan-ju, Jeonbuk Province in Korea. TN and TP of organic paddy water were gradually increased for 2~3 weeks after organic manure application and then gradually decreased afterward. The overall variation of TP in the paddy fields was much greater than that of TN. The phosphorus content in organic paddy field appeared to increase with the organic farming period. CONCLUSION(s): This indicates that long-term organic farming is likely to cause phosphorus accumulation in soils and increase vulnerability to rainfall runoff. Thus, appropriate phosphorus management needs to be implemented, particularly, to reduce excessive phosphorus supply owing to nitrogen-based determination of organic manure application amount.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2015

In order to investigate the effect of internal loading from sediment on algal blooming at Chusori area in Daechung Reservoir, the amount and contamination level of sediment and the release rate of total phosphorus were analyzed. The sedimentary layer was consisted with two layers, and the average depth of upper and lower ones were 0.35 and 1.44 m, respectively. The fraction of inorganic phosphorus in the sediment was higher than that of organic phosphorus, and the fractions of phosphorus which responsible for internal loading were very high as in the range of 72.7 and 80.2% of inorganic phosphorus. The C/N ratio of sediment taken with core sampler indicated the organic compounds are originated from settled algae from water body. The average release rate of total phosphorus from sediment was $6.74({\pm}0.50)mg/m^2/day$. These results indicated that the internal loading from sediment contributes the excessive algal growth at Churosi area, and the countermeasures to improve the quality of sediments are required to manage algal blooming in Daechung Reservoir.