• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.845-852
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• 2014

The quality of commercial sauce products was evaluated through pH, soluble solid content, salinity, water activity and microbial analyses. The pH of sauces was 2.38~5.30, soluble solids were between 6.03 and 71.67, and distributions of salt were 0.23~5.00% in 32 commercial sauce products. In addition, water activity of vinegar red pepper sauce and spicy soft tofu stew stock were determined 0.773 and 0.988, respectively. Yeast, mold, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and coliform were not detected in any sauces. Higher level of total viable cells (TVC) resulted in pH over 4.2. TVC of shelf-stable sauces was 1.0~3.6 log CFU/g. TVC of seven sauce products was classified as non-potentially hazardous foods by temperature controlled for safety standard (TCS), even though levels were over acceptable guidelines of the USDA (3 log CFU/g). These results indicate that the standard and classification of commercial sauce products should be modified and controlled strictly.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between surveillance and adjuvant therapy (AT) groups after R0 resection for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Methods: A total of 154 patients who underwent R0 resection for CCA at the Daegu Catholic University Medical Center between January 2010 and December 2019 were included. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up duration was 899 days. There were 109 patients in the AT group and 45 patients in the surveillance group. The patients in the AT group were younger (67 years vs. 74 years, p<0.001) and included more males (64.2% vs. 46.7%, p=0.044). The proportion of patients with stage III CCA was larger in the AT group than in the surveillance group (13.8% vs. 2.2%, p=0.005). In addition, AT did not improve OS (5-year OS rate, 69.3% in the AT group vs. 64.2% in the surveillance group, p=0.806) or PFS (5-year PFS rate, 42.6% in the AT group vs. 48.9% in the surveillance group, p=0.113). In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, stage III CCA (hazard ratio [HR], 10.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92-40.00; p<0.001) was a significant predictor of OS. American Society of Anesthesiologists classification II (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31-0.81; p=0.005), and American Joint Committee on Cancer stages II (HR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.25-7.89; p=0.015) and III (HR, 8.08; 95% CI, 2.80-23.32; p<0.001) were independent predictors of PFS. Conclusion: AT after R0 resection for CCA did not improve OS or PFS.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2006

오염부하가 심한 서낙동강 수계에서의 농산물 안전생산 및 건전한 농업환경유지를 위하여 수계내 오염원 및 수질을 조사하고 이를 수질성분 분포도로 작성한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 서낙동강 수계의 주오염원은 인구의 도시집중에 따른 생활하수 발생이 가장 많은 양을 차지하고 있었으며 이는 호계천, 신어천의 수질악화 및 하수종말처리장 방류수로 인한 조만강 하류의 수질 중 T-N, T-P 증가에도 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 서낙동강 수계 수질의 또 다른 문제인 염농도는 갈수기에 급격히 증가하여 갈수기의 서낙동강 중 하류 및 하류에 연결된 지천인 조만강과 평강천의 EC는 농업용수로 사용하기 어려운 수준으로 증가하였다. 부산 강서구의 동계 시설재배밀집지에서 사용되는 농업용수 수질 또한 EC가 서낙동강 중류 이후부터 1.0 ds/m를 초과하고 T-N함량도 $4{\sim}8mg/L$의 높은 수준이었다. 2. 서낙동강 수계 지류 중 T-N 및 T-P의 유달부하량은 조만강이 지류전체 부하량의 각각 56%, 61%으로 가장 많았으며, 이는 조만강의 유량이 많았던 것에 기인하였다. 3. 서낙동강 수계 수질을 N과 EC성분분포를 기초로 로 서낙동강 수계 지류별수질 취약분포도를 작성한 결과, 신어천, 호계천 등은 적극적인 영양염류 저감대책이 수립되어야 할 지역으로 나타났으며, 서낙동강 중류 및 평강천 일원은 영양염류 및 염류장애 우려지역, 서낙동강 하류는 염류장애 대책지역으로 나타났다. 4. 수질현황 및 수질환경 관련 인자를 지리정보가 결합된 분포도로 표현하면 정보의 전달이 명료하면서도 그 자체로도 오염 개선기술 개발 필요지 구분과 같은 message를 전달할 수 있었고, 공간적 분포에 따른 수질변화를 오염원의 공간적 분포와 match시켜 이의 원인을 해석하고 그에 따른 대책을 수립하기 쉬운 장점이 있었다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.190-201
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• 2020

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in relation to tumor location within the stomach. Materials and Methods: The densities and prognostic significance of TIL subsets were evaluated in 542 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3), and granzyme B was performed. Results: Cardia cancer was associated with significantly lower densities of CD8 T-cells and higher densities of Foxp3 and granzyme B T-cells than non-cardia tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.023; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006-1.040), advanced T classification (HR, 2.029; 95% CI, 1.106-3.721), lymph node metastasis (HR, 3.319; 95% CI, 1.947-5.658), low CD3 expression (HR, 0.997; 95% CI, 0.994-0.999), and a high Foxp3/CD4 ratio (HR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001-1.012) were independent predictors of poor overall survival in cardia cancer patients. In non-cardia cancer patients, total gastrectomy (HR, 2.147; 95% CI, 1.507-3.059), advanced T classification (HR, 2.158; 95% CI, 1.425-3.266), lymph node metastasis (HR, 1.854; 95% CI, 1.250-2.750), and a low Foxp3/CD4 ratio (HR, 0.978; 95% CI, 0.959-0.997) were poor prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: The densities and prognostic effects of TILs differed in relation to the location of tumors within the stomach. The contrasting prognostic effects of Foxp3/CD4 ratio in cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer patients suggests that clinicians ought to consider tumor location when determining treatment strategies.

• 지질공학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.257-269
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 급경사지재해 안정화기술 분야에 관하여 한국, 미국, 일본 및 유럽에서 출원 공개/등록된 특허를 중심으로 특허동향을 분석하였다. 중분류는 예측기술, 계측기술, 대책/보강/저감기술, 실내실험과 같이 4개로 분류하였으며, 2,134건의 최종 유효 분석대상 특허를 선별하였다. 특허건수와 출원인수의 상관관계를 이용한 포트폴리오 분석결과 한국 및 미국의 경우 발전기 단계에 있으며, 일본과 유럽의 경우 퇴조기에 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 한국의 경우 국가주도의 연구 활동으로 인하여 특허활동이 활발한 것으로 분석된다. 중분류 기술 분야별 분석 결과, 일본은 급경사재해 예측분야, 미국은 급경사재해 실내실험분야가 각 국가의 경쟁력 분야인 것으로 분석되었으며, 한국의 경우 급경사재해 예측과 급경사재해 실내실험 분야가 공백기술인 것으로 분석되었다. 분석결과를 토대로 기술별 향후 연구개발 방향을 정리하면 예측기술 분야에서는 신규 유한요소해석 방법 또는 수치해석 모델 정립이 필요하고, 계측기술 분야에서는 센서개발기술, 정보취합을 통한 재해예측기술, IT기술과 융합을 통한 장치관련 기술 등이 필요하다. 그리고 재해/대책/저감기술 분야에서는 기존 사방구조물의 개량, 차별화된 사면보강공법 등의 개발이 필요하며 실내실험분야에서는 새로운 최적화된 구조의 실험장치 또는 방법의 개발이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.753-757
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the relationships between lymph node ratio (LNR, the ratio of positive lymph nodes in excised axillary lymph nodes) and disease-free survival (DFS) by comparing with traditional absolute positive lymph node number (pN classification) for prediction of breast cancer (BC) progrnosis. Methods and Patients: We retrospectively reviewed patients who received comprehensive therapy in Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, China from Jan 2002 to Dec 2006 (Group A), and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China from Jun 2008 to May 2012 (Group B). Patients were allocated to low-risk (${\leq}0.20$), intermediate-risk (> 0.20 but ${\leq}0.65$), high-risk (>0.65) groups by LNR. The primary endpoint was 5-DFS. Results: A total of 294 patients were included in our study. LNR was verified as a negative prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.002 in Group A, P<0.0001 in Group B). Then we found the effects of pN and LNR delamination on disease-free survival (DFS) had statistical significance (P=0.012 for pN and P=0.031 for LNR stratification in Group A, both of them P<0.001 in Group B). Compared to pN staging, LNR staging displayed superior performance in prognosis, the adjusted hazard ratio of recurrence being 2.07 (95%CI, 1.07 to 4.0) for intermediate risk group (P=0.030) and 2.44 (95%CI, 1.21 to 4.92) for high risk group (P=0.013) in Group A. Conclusions: LNR stratification proved an adverse prognostic factor of DFS in lymph nodes positive invasive BC using cut-off values 0.20 and 0.65, and was more predictive than traditional pN classification for 5-DFS.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2024

Purpose: The optimal treatment for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) remains controversial. We evaluated the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with locally advanced GEJA according to the histological type. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients with locally advanced GEJA who underwent curative-intent surgical resection between 2010 and 2020. Perioperative therapies as well as clinicopathologic, surgical, and survival data were collected. The results of endoscopy and histopathological examinations were assessed for Siewert and Lauren classifications. Results: Among the 58 patients included in this study, 44 (76%) were clinical stage III, and all received neoadjuvant therapy (72% chemoradiation, 41% chemotherapy, 14% both chemoradiation and chemotherapy). Tumor locations were evenly distributed by Siewert Classification (33% Siewert-I, 40% Siewert-II, and 28% Siewert-III). Esophagogastrectomy (EG) was performed for 47 (81%) patients and total gastrectomy (TG) for 11 (19%) patients. All TG patients received D2 lymphadenectomy compared to 10 (21%) EG patients. Histopathological examination showed the presence of 64% intestinal-type and 36% diffuse-type histology. The frequencies of diffuse-type histology were similar among Siewert groups (37% Siewert-I, 36% Siewert-II, and 33% Siewert-III). Regardless of Siewert type and compared to intestinal-type, diffuse histology was associated with increased intraabdominal recurrence rates (P=0.03) and decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.33; P=0.02). With a median follow-up of 31.2 months, 29 (50%) patients had a recurrence, and the median overall survival was 50.5 months. Conclusions: Present in equal proportions among Siewert types of esophageal and gastric cancer, a diffuse-type histology was associated with high intraabdominal recurrence rates and poor survival. Histopathological evaluation should be considered in addition to anatomic location in the determination of multimodal GEJA treatment strategies.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.40.1-40.9
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• 2022

Background: According to the occupational accident status analysis in 2020, of 1,180 occupational deaths, 463 were caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Workers should be assessed for CVD risk at regular intervals to prevent work-related CVD in accordance with the rules on occupational safety and health standards. However, no previous study has addressed risk and mortality. Therefore, this longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between 10-year cardiovascular risk of the general health checkup and mortality. Methods: The study included 545,859 participants who visited Kangbuk Samsung Total Healthcare Centers from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2017. We performed 10-year cardiovascular risk assessment for the participants and the risk was divided into 4 groups (low, moderate, high, and very high). The study used death data from the Korea National Statistical Office for survival status as an outcome variable by December 31, 2019, and the cause of death based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10^th Revision (ICD-10) was identified. Statistical analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and the sum of the periods from the first visit to the date of death or December 31, 2019, was used as a time scale. We also performed a stratified analysis for age at baseline and sex. Results: During 5,253,627.9 person-years, 4,738 overall deaths and 654 cardiovascular deaths occurred. When the low-risk group was set as a reference, in the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for overall mortality were 3.36 (2.87-3.95) in the moderate-risk group, 11.08 (9.27-13.25) in the high-risk group, and 21.20 (17.42-25.79) in the very-high-risk group, all of which were statistically significant. In cardiovascular deaths, the difference according to the risk classification was more pronounced. The HRs (95% CI) were 8.57 (4.95-14.83), 38.95 (21.77-69.69), and 78.81 (42.62-145.71) in each group. As a result of a subgroup analysis by age and sex, the HRs of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality tended to be higher in the high-risk group. Conclusions: This large-scale longitudinal study confirmed that the risk of death increases with the 10-year cardiovascular risk of general health checkup.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2012

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play potential roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with various cancer types. The aim of this study was to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence for the use of CTCs to predict the survival outcome of lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was identified using Medline and EMBASE. Patients' clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) together with CTC positive rates at different time points (before, during and after treatment) were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of CTCs and the correlation between the CTC appearance and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 12 articles containing survival outcomes and clinical characteristics and 15 articles containing only clinical characteristics were included for the global meta-analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS predicted by pro-treatment CTCs was 2.61 [1.82, 3.74], while the HR for PFS was 2.37 [1.41, 3.99]. The HR for OS predicted by post-treatment CTCs was 4.19 [2.92, 6.00], while the HR for PFS was 4.97 [3.05, 8.11]. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to histological classification and detection method. Odds ratio (OR) showed the appearance of pro-treatment CTCs correlated with the lymph node status, distant metastasis, and TNM staging, while post-treatment CTCs correlated with TNM staging only. Conclusion: Detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood indicates a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2024

Background: Results of studies investigating the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been conflicting. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective observational study, conducted between January 2020 and August 2021, evaluated the impact of obesity on outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 in a Korean national cohort. A total of 1,114 patients were enrolled from 22 tertiary referral hospitals or university-affiliated hospitals, of whom 1,099 were included in the analysis, excluding 15 with unavailable height and weight information. The effect(s) of BMI on patients with severe COVID-19 were analyzed. Results: According to the World Health Organization BMI classification, 59 patients were underweight, 541 were normal, 389 were overweight, and 110 were obese. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 15.3%, and there was no significant difference according to BMI. Univariate Cox analysis revealed that BMI was associated with 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.96; p=0.045), but not in the multivariate analysis. Additionally, patients were divided into two groups based on BMI ≥25 kg/m² and underwent propensity score matching analysis, in which the two groups exhibited no significant difference in mortality at 28 days. The median (interquartile range) clinical frailty scale score at discharge was higher in nonobese patients (3 [3 to 5] vs. 4 [3 to 6], p<0.001). The proportion of frail patients at discharge was significantly higher in the nonobese group (28.1% vs. 46.8%, p<0.001). Conclusion: The obesity paradox was not evident in this cohort of patients with severe COVID-19. However, functional outcomes at discharge were better in the obese group.