• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2014

Objective : When the pedicle screw insertion technique is failed or not applicable, C7 intralaminar screw insertion method has been used as an alternative or salvage fixation method recently. However, profound understanding of anatomy is required for safe application of the bilaterally crossing laminar screw at C7 in clinic. In this cadaveric study, we evaluated the anatomic feasibility of the bilateral crossing intralaminar screw insertion and especially focused on determination of proper screw entry point. Methods : The C7 vertebrae from 18 adult specimens were studied. Morphometric measurements of the mid-laminar height, the minimum laminar thickness, the maximal screw length, and spino-laminar angle were performed and cross-sectioned vertically at the screw entry point (spino-laminar junction). The sectioned surface was equally divided into 3 parts and maximal thickness and surface area of the parts were measured. All measurements were obtained bilaterally. Results : The mean mid-laminar height was 13.7 mm, mean minimal laminar thickness was 6.6 mm, mean maximal screw length was 24.6 mm, and mean spinolaminar angle was $50.8{\pm}4.7^{\circ}$. Based on the measured laminar thickness, the feasibility of 3.5 mm diameter intralaminar screw application was 83.3% (30 sides laminae out of total 36) when assuming a tolerance of 1 mm on each side. Cross-sectional measurement results showed that the mean maximal thickness of upper, middle, and lower thirds was 5.0 mm, 7.5 mm, and 7.3 mm, respectively, and mean surface area for each part was $21.2mm^2$, $46.8mm^2$, and $34.7mm^2$, respectively. Fourteen (38.9%) sides of laminae would be feasible for 3.5 mm intralaminar screw insertion when upper thirds of C7 spino-laminar junction is the screw entry point. In case of middle and lower thirds of C7 spino-laminar junction, 32 (88.9%) and 28 (77.8%) sides of laminae were feasible for 3.5 mm screw insertion, respectively. Conclusion : The vertical cross-sectioned area of middle thirds at C7 spinolaminar junction was the largest area and 3.5 mm screw can be accommodated with 77.8 % of feasibility when lower thirds were the screw entry point. Thus, selection of middle and lower thirds for each side of screw entry point in spino-laminar junction would be the safest way to place bilateral crossing laminar screw within the entire lamina. This anatomic study result will help surgeons to place the screw safely and accurately.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제71호
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• pp.259-304
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• 2018

본고에서는 최근 5년간 번역원 번역사업에 참여한 번역인력의 진입경로와 담당 번역량의 현황을 파악하고 분석하였다. 이를 위해 번역인력의 진입경로를 '직원출신(입사)', '연구과정출신', '자격시험출신', '외부전문가'로 분류하고 연도별로 인력 수와 번역 원고량을 조사하였다. 아울러 번역인력의 1인 평균원고량도 조사하였다. 조사 분석 결과 번역원 전체 번역사업의 인력 비중은 외부전문가 - 연구과정출신 - 자격시험출신 - 직원출신의 순이고, 원고량 비중은 연구과정출신 - 외부전문가 - 자격시험출신 - 직원출신임을 밝혔다. 또한 번역원의 세부사업별 현황도 조사 분석하여 각 사업분야별 특징과 문제점을 논하였다. 역사문헌번역에서 인력 비중은 연구과정출신이 가장 크지만, 원고량 비중은 자격시험출신 비중이 가장 크고, 문집번역과 특수고전번역에서는 외부전문가의 비중이 상당하다는 점을 밝혔다. 또한 번역인력의 1인 평균원고량 분석을 통해 번역원의 번역사업이 비효율적으로 진행되고 있다고 판단하였다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 '사업계획에 의거한 번역인력 활용 계획 필요', '교점 번역위원 자격시험 개선', '전문분야 번역인력 양성과 진입경로 확대'의 세 가지 방안을 제시하였다. 이상의 방안은 각각 치밀한 분석과 연구를 통해 타당성과 실효성을 검증받아야 할 것들이지만, 번역원이 보다 체계적이고 계획적인 사업계획과 번역인력 활용계획을 수립하여 번역사업을 진행하는 데 본고가 미약하나마 도움이 되길 기대한다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2015

Purpose: The need for the rapid evaluation and treatment of emergency department patients with major trauma is essential. A computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system can improve communication and provide immediate access to information with the goal of reducing ED time delays. The aim of this study was to report on the operation of a trauma CPOE program and demonstrate its usefulness by comparing time intervals from ED arrival to various evaluation steps before and after implementation of the program. Methods: This was a before-and-after observational study from a single emergency department at an academic center. The CPOE program was implemented for 6 months and compared with the data collected from the pre-CPOE implementation period. The efficacy of the program was assessed by comparing the time difference before and after CPOE implementation based on the following factors: total boarding time in ED, door-to-disposition decision time, door-to-blood-test report time, door-to-X-ray time, door-to-CT time, and door-to-transfusion time. Results: Over a period of 6 months, the CPOE was activated for a total of 17 patients. Total boarding time was reduced significantly after implementation [median, 641.5 minutes (IQR, 367.3-859.3) versus289.0 minutes (IQR, 140.0-508.0) for pre-CPOE vs. post-CPOE, respectively, p< 0.05). Time intervals for all evaluation steps were reduced after implementation of the program. The improvements in the door-to-blood-test and door-to-CT times were both statistically significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a standard CPOE system can be successfully implemented and can reduce ED time delays in managing trauma patients.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to develop a traffic accident model of a roundabout based on the type of land use. METHODS : The traffic accident data from 2010 to 2014 were collected from the "traffic accident analysis system (TAAS)" data set of the Road Traffic Authority. A multiple linear regression model was utilized in this study to analyze the accidents based on the type of land use. Variables such as geometry and traffic volume were used to develop the accident models based on the type of land use. RESULTS : The main results are as follows. First, the null hypothesis that the type of land use does not affect the number of accidents is rejected. Second, four accident models based on the type of land use have been developed, which are statistically significant (high $R^2$ values). Finally, the total entering and circulating volumes, area of the central island, number of speed breakers, mean number of entry lanes, diameter of the inscribed circle, mean width of the entry lane, area of the roundabout, bus stops, and number of circulatory roadways are analyzed to see how they affect the accident for each type of land use. CONCLUSIONS : The development of the accident models based on the type of land use has revealed that the accident factors at a roundabout are different for each case. Thus, more speed breakers in commercial areas and an inscribed circle of proper diameter in commercial and residential areas are determined to be important for reducing the number of accidents. Additionally, expanding the width of the entry lanes, decreasing the area of the roundabouts in residential areas, and reducing the conflict factors such as bus stops in green spaces are determined to be important.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.3374-3383
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• 2011

본 연구는 유한한 크기의 선저경사각을 갖는 2차원 쐐기형 구조물의 슬래밍 충격 현상을 수치 해석하였다. 비압축성 유체를 가정하였으며, 구조물의 입수 속도는 일정하게 유지하였다. 자유수면의 대 변형 및 동적 거동의 해석을 위해서 Geo-reconstruct(or PLIC-VOF) scheme을 사용하였다. 선저경사각이 $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$ 및 $30^{\circ}$인 경우에 대해서 해석을 수행하였으며, 각각의 선저경사각에 대하여 입수면의 격자 크기 및 입수 속도를 변화시켜 슬래밍 충격력 수치 해석 결과에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수치해석 결과는 Dobrovol'skaya(1969)의 상사해(similarity solution), Wagner 방법에 기초한 점근해(asymptotic solution) 및 경계요소법(Zhao et al.(1993))에 의한 해석 결과와 비교하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

Objective : To clarify the landmark for deciding the entry point for C1 lateral mass screws via the posterior arch by using 3-dimensional (3D) computed images. Methods : Resnick insisted that the C1 posterior arch could be divided into pure posterior and lateral lamina (C1 pedicle). Authors studied where this transition point (TP) is located between the posterior lamina and the C1 pedicle and how it can be recognized. The 3D computed images of 86 cadaver C1s (M : F=45 : 41) were used in this study. Results : The superior ridge of the C1 posterior arch had 2 types of orientation. One was in the vertical direction in the C1 posterior lamina and the other was in the horizontal direction in the C1 pedicle. The TP was located at the border between the 2 areas, the same site as the posterior end of the groove of the vertebral artery. On posterior-anterior projection, the posterior arch was sharpened abruptly at TP. We were unable to identify the TP in 6.4% of specimens due to complete or partial osseous bridges. A total of 93.8% of the TP were located between the most enlarged point of the spinal canal and the medial wall of the vertebral artery. Conclusion : The anatomic entry zone of C1 lateral laminar screws was clarified and identified based on the TP by using preoperative 3D computed images.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of salinomycin (SL) on feeding-induced changes in glucose kinetics and blood VFA concentrations in sheep fed a high-roughage diet. Four sheep were fed the diet with or without 20 mg/kg diet of SL once daily for 21 d. Glucose entry and utilization rates were determined during the prefeeding and 3 h postfeeding periods, using a [$^{13}C_6$]glucose dilution method and non-steady state equations. Ruminal characteristics and concentrations of blood VFA, plasma glucose and insulin were also measured during the same periods. A feeding-induced increase in ruminal total VFA concentration tended to be inhibited (p<0.10) with SL, although ruminal pH was unaffected (p>0.10) with SL or by feeding. Salinomycin decreased (p<0.05) acetate proportion and increased (p<0.05) propionate proportion in the rumen, but did not modify these changes in response to feeding (p>0.10). A feeding-induced increase in blood acetate concentration was attenuated (p<0.05) with SL. Salinomycin tended to increase (p<0.10) blood propionate concentration without modifying its response patterns to feeding (p>0.10). Plasma concentrations of glucose or insulin were unaffected (p>0.10) with SL. Salinomycin tended to enhance (p<0.10) glucose entry and utilization rates. Feeding also enhanced (p<0.01) both rates, whereas their interactive effect was not detected (p>0.10). We conclude that SL possibly enhances whole body glucose entry and utilization with an increase in blood propionate concentration in sheep given a high-roughage diet, although SL does not appear to affect their responses to feeding.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2007

언어 정보 처리 응용 분야는 정보검색, 형태소분석, 철자검색, 음성인식, 문자 인식 등 다양하다. 이러한 정보처리 과정은 전자 사전이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 국어대사전에 대한 기본적인 통계 정보들을 살펴보고, 전자사전 구축에 대하여 알아보았다. 대상 정보는 고어 및 불완전음절을 포함하는 단어를 제외한 표제어들에 대하여, 대사전의 표제어수, 전자사전의 엔트리수, 사용된 전체음절수, 서로 다른 음절수, 엔트리들의 평균 길이, 품사별 분포, 전자사전을 트라이로 구축할 때 사용되는 노드 수 등 이다. 전자사전의 전체 엔트리 수는 361,980개, 사용된 음절수는 1,289,659개로 엔트리들의 평균 길이는 3.56이었으며 서로 다른 음절수는 2,463개였다. 이러한 통계 정보들은 전자사전 구축 및 한국어 정보처리에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

This study aims to propose the future plan and research management of a beach and the relation between spatial structure of a village and layout of the beach focusing on Gimnyeong beach among the 12 general beaches in Jejudo. The results are as followings: First, Gimnyeong beach had the relation to primary industries of residents in the village in times past and was the space for everyday lives of residents. However, at present it has the relation to tertiary industries and is more important in community activities. Second, the entry part and the sandy beach of Gimnyeong beach were crucial in location and function in times past but total size of the beach has expanded for campground nowadays. Therefore, it is necessary to change the location of entry part to center part of the beach. In addition, convenient and safe facilities are need to be built more to corresponding to expanding area of the beach. Finally, in order to maintain clean sea, residents in the Gimnyeong have agreed to not make sea farms in the vicinity of Gimnyeong Beach which pollute the sea. Their roles have influenced on positive effect to community of the village, management of the beach, and maintenance of clean sea.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권8호
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• pp.1192-1197
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• 2013

In this paper Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export was defined, and it's job analysis. The authors have been defined the job and classified duties and tasks of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. To fine what is the most efficient task for Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export, we have been investigated the levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry in each task. A DACUM committee is composed of total 12 members, which are one facilitator, 10 panel members, one coordinator & recorder to analyze the job of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. Following is the result of this study. First, The process began with the identification of a job title and definition of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. Second, a job model of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export is constructed based on the results of DACUM job analysis. 5 duties and 33 tasks are analyzed. Third, occupational specification was drawn up in consultation with SME council. Fourth, duty specification was drawn up in consultation. 33 tasks that are essential in entry level of occupation are identified. Fifth, task specification was drawn up in consultation. Detail task component which include skill, materials, knowledge, equipment, achievement level and tool was specified in task specification.