• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.806-817
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• 2014

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of providing different levels of a supplement on the nutritional characteristics and productive performance of heifers on pasture during the rainy-dry transition and dry season in Brazil or tropical area. Thirty crossbred heifers with predominance of Zebu breed were used in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of a mineral supplement and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 kg/animal/d of a protein supplement containing 300 g crude protein (CP)/kg of dry matter (DM). In the rainy-dry transition season there was quadratic effect of the protein supplementation (p<0.10) on daily weight gain (DWG). A linear relationship (p<0.10) was found between increasing supplement intake and intakes of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Coefficients of apparent digestibility of CP, EE, and NFC increased linearly (p<0.10) with increasing supplement levels, but there was no effect on the DM apparent digestibility (p>0.10); the microbial efficiency (g CPmic/kg TDN) and the relationship of microbial nitrogen flow with nitrogen intake (g/g nitrogen intake) were negative linear profiles. In the dry season, the descriptive pattern least squares means showed a trend of stabilization of DWG from the supply of 0.98 kg of protein supplement; the intakes of DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, and TDN showed increasing linear relationship (p<0.10) with protein supplement levels; the means of apparent digestibility coefficients of the different dietary fractions presented a linear-response-plateau (LRP); the microbial nitrogen flow (g/d) showed positive linear profile (p<0.10) for supplementation levels. It is concluded that supplementation improves the productive performance of grazing heifers and that 1.0 kg/d of supplement per animal gives the maximum increment of weight gain.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2009

In attempt to select the most appropriate forage legume species, this study was conducted on the 10 forage legume crops suitable for the central region of Korea and investigated their productivity, feed values and stock carrying capacity. In the results, red clover showed fresh matter yield 38.6 ton/ha, dry matter yield 7.8 ton/ha, crude protein yield 1.0 ton/ha, total digestible nutrients(TDN) yield 4.6 ton/ha, its fresh matter yield, dry matter yield and nutrient yield were significantly(p<0.05) higher than other species. The value of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) were getting higher by the late harvest time then galega and cicer milkvetch were the highest and yellow suckling clover was the lowest value. Relative feed value(RFV) showed good feed values above 100 except cicer milkvetch and galega. In terms of feed grading, yellow suckling clover, yellow blossom sweet clover, crimson clover, hairy vetch were classified into 1st grade, above 151%. The average stock carrying capacity was yet high Kcp(2.18 head/ha/yr), KTDN(1.25 head/ha/yr) and K(0.04 head/ha/yr). Especially, red clover had the highest stock carrying capacity, Kcp 6.84 head/ha/yr, KTDN 3.64 head/ha/yr and K 0.05 head/ha/yr. According to results, red clover is considered to be the most appropriate crops for the central region, in terms of quality, feed value and stock carrying capacity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2007

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic content and to select lodging resistance for six varieties in paddy field of Chungnam province from 2006 to 2007. In this experiment, plant height was increased at the high fertile field and dry matter rate (%) per fresh matter was decreased at the high fertile soil condition but dry matter rate (%) of spike was increased. The dry matter (DM) yield showed higher in Sunwoo barley (13,520kg/ha) and Youngyang barley (12,780kg/ha) at the high fertile field. Fresh yield was also high in Wooho barely (34,720kg/ha) and Youngyang barely (33,670kg/ha) at the high fertile field but yield in high and normal fertile soil condition was not difference. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content of Youngyang barley and Yuyeon barley was high as 69.5%, 70.3%, respectively, at the high fertile soil condition. According to this result Soman barley and Youngyang barley might be recommendable for whole crop barely in lower organic content condition of paddy rice field and Wooho barley and Soman barley with the lodging resistance and high yield is suitable for paddy field with high organic content.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2013

This experiment was carried out to breed an early maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 2009 to 2011. A new variety, 'Green farm II' is a diploid with green leaves and has a semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring, respectively. 'Green farm II' was on the $28^{th}$ of April in the heading date as an early-maturing variety. 'Green farm II' was also wider by 0.6 mm in flag leaf width, shorter by 1 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1 cm in plant length than those of the control variety, 'Florida 80', respectively. 'Green farm II' was thicker by 0.7 mm in stem thickness and strong in winter hardness. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,452 kg/ha) of 'Green farm II' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) of 'Green farm II' were 70.6%, 63.9%, and 114% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Green farm II' were 31.7% and 52.6% which were 3.5% and 6.4% lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

This experiments was conducted to investigate the influence on the growth of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid by use of various organic fertilizer and investigated their productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity. In the results, the application of fermented poultry manure showed 93.6ton/ha, 19.6ton/ha, 1.12ton/ha, 11.31ton/ha of fresh yield, dry matter yield, crude protein (CP) yield and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield but there were no significant differences with the application of poultry by-product compost (poultry manure with sawdust) and swine by-product compost (swine manure with sawdust). And the average value of $K_{CP}$ and $K_{TDN}$ showed the highest one as 9.45head/ha/yr in the application of fermented poultry manure. However, organic matter content of fermented poultry manure to the lower portion of 32.1% compared to other organic fertilizers could imagine that mineralization of fermented poultry manure was fairly advanced and plant used most of nitrogen in fermented poultry manure, so productivity of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid was shown more than other organic fertilizers. If other organic fertilizers use continuous, this difference can be considered to be reduced further. As a result, fermented poultry manure is better than other organic fertilizers in productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity due to the higher content of mineralizable matters. In addition, mixing poultry manure with cow and swine manure is better choice because cow and swine manure will meet a low organic matter in poultry manure.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.701-706
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• 2004

The objective of this experiment was to compare the dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen and energy utilization of herbages harvested from turf type mixtures {tall fescue(Rebell Jr.) 40%+ perennial ryegrass(Palmer II) 20%+ Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 10%+ redtop(Banicuda) 10%+ red fescue(Salem) 10%+ creeping bentgrass(Crenshaw) 10%} and tall type mixtures {orchardgrass(Potomac) 40%+ tall fescue(Fawn) 20%+ Festuloium braunii(Paulita) 10%+ perennial ryegrass(Reveille) 10%+ timothy(Climax) 10%+ red clover(Kenblue) 10%+ alfalfa(Vernal) 10%} by Korean native goats. This experiment was conducted by total collection method in laboratory, 2001. The voluntary DM intake per body weight were slightly higher for turf type mixtures(28.9g) than that of tall type mixtures(26.2g), but there was no significant difference. The digestibility of cellular constituents was slightly higher for turf type mixtures than that of tall type mixtures(p<0.05), but digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF did not differ between two mixtures. The retained nitrogen percent(apparently biological value) was slightly higher for turf type mixtures(56.7%) than that of tall type mixtures(56.4%), but there was no significant difference between two mixtures. Apparently retained digestible energy was slightly higher for turf type mixtures(58.3%) than that of tall type mixtures(57.9%), but there was no significant difference between two mixtures. Based on the results, the herbage utilization by Korean native goats did not showed any significant difference between two mixtures, therefore there is a possibility that herbages of turf type mixtures can be used as a roughages by livestock.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.429-434
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• 2011

The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of brown rice (BR) on food intake, digestion, energy value, and fecal characteristics. Three replacement levels which BR replaced 0, 15 and 30% of wheat flour were tested. Six female Miniature Schnauzer (8~9 month age, initial mean body weight 5.0 ${\pm}$ 0.3 kg) were assigned to treatments in replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, acid hydrolyzed fat and gross energy except CP increased linearly (P<0.01), and observed digestible energy and metabolizable energy values also increased linearly (P=0.001 and P=0.006, respectively) with increasing BR replacement level. Wet and dry fecal output decreased linearly (P<0.001, P=0.004) with increasing BR inclusion to the diets and BR 30% treatment reduced wet fecal output up to 21% of that of control. Quadratic (P<0.01) effects was observed in fecal score for dog fed BR and fecal ammonia concentration tended to increase linearly (P=0.07) in response to increasing BR replacement level. It seems that the increase in fecal ammonia concentration may be partially related to the decrease in shortchain fatty acid concentration (P=0.001). This study clearly demonstrates that BR improves nutrients digestibility and fecal characteristics of dog.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1995

To investigate the effects of nitrogen(N) fertilization levels on the dry matter(DM) yield, nutrition yield, and N efficiency of forages in mixed sward of alfalfa-grasses, a field experiment arranged by randomized complete block design with five treatments(0, 70, 140, 210 and 280kg N/ha) was conducted at Livestock Experiment Station in Suwon, September, 1990 to February, 1993. During two years, average DM yields of forage increased as N fertilization level was increased, but no significant difference was found between DM 10,266kg of N 210kgha and DM 10,845kg of N 280kgha. Crude protein and energy productivity of forages increased as N fertilization level was increased, and the increasing degree was highest between N 140kg and 210kg/ha fertilization. With increasing N fertilization, mineral contents tended to decrease in P and K/Ca+ Mg equivalent ratios, to increase in Mg, but not to be regular in the other elements. Efficiency of N was highest at N 210kg/ha fertilization, which produced DM 21.6kg, net energy lactation 129.3 MJ, starch equivalent 12.3kStE and total digestible nutrients 14.5kg per Ikg N.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2002

Eveuadies 71' kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) was grown at five plant densities (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 plants per hill; 16,000, 32,000, 48,000, 64,000 and 80,000 plants/10a) from April 13 to October 8, 2001 in Jeju island to determine influence of plant number per hill on agronomic characteristics, forage yield and quality. As plant density increased from 1 to 5 plants per hill, the plant height averaged across two harvests increased 176 to 185 cm. Compared with the plant density of two plants per hill, the plant height decreased at higher plant densities (183, 180, and 166 cm for 3, 4 and 5 plants per hill). The highest yield of fresh forage (114.6 MT/ha), dry matter (17.3 MT/ha), crude protein (2.33 MT/ha), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (9.21 MT/ha) was obtained at 2 plants per hill. As plant density increased from 1 to 5 plants per hill, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, and TDN contents increased from 13.1 to 15.4%, 3.0 to 3.7%, 20.1 to 23.2% and 41.1 to 45.4%, respectively, while crude fiber and crude ash contents decreased from 41.2 to 34.9% and 9.4 to 8.2%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

Evegradies 71' kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) was grown at 160,000 plants per ha in a volcanic ash soil in Jeju island to determine the optimum frequency of split N application fer forage production. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied with 240 kg/ha, and frequencies of the split N applications were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times. Plant height averaged across two harvests increased from 187 to 201cm as N was split-applied from one to three applications and then decreased to 201cm in five applications. This pattern held for the number of branches and leaves per plant stem diameter and weight of plant per plant. Fresh forage yield increased from 91.8 to 114.2 MT/ha. dry matter yield from 12.70 to 16.6 MT/ha, crude protein yield from 1.75 to 2.48MT/ha, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 5.39 to 7.63 MT/ha as N was split-applied from one to four applications, and then decreased to 106.6, 15.0, 2.32, and 7.22 MT/ha in five applications, respectively As N was split-applied from one to five applications, crude protein content increased from 13.8 to 15.4%. ether extract content from 4.1 to 5.9%, and TDN content from 42.4 to 48.1%. but crude fiber decreased from 38.2 to 37.1% and crude ash content from 11.5 to 8.6%. Nitrogen free extract content was about 19.0% regardless of cutting height.