• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the colony count of airborne microbes contamination every hour in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit (NSICU) in order to identify the relationship of colony count to person-visits. Method: Data were collected during from 11:00 a.m. September 5 to 11:00 a.m. September 6, 2002. This study used blood agar & nutrient agar and handtally counter (USA) for collection of airborne microbes and number of person-visits. Data was analyzed using the SPSSWIN 10.0 with means, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple regression. Result: The result of this study are as follows. Total colony count of airborne microbes for 24 hours in the NSICU was 4,609. Total number of person-visits to the NSICU was 15,347. The highest scores fur the total colony count in different areas of the NSICU was the rear door, followed by the preparation room, and the front entrance, while the lowest count was in the isolation rooms. There was a statistically significant relationship between colony count and number of person-visits to the NSICU. The most frequently airborne microbes in the NSICU were Micrococcus, CNS, Staphylococcus Micrococcus, Aureus. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the number of person-visits in hospitals influences total colony count of airborne microbes. This study contributes to assessment of biological indoor air quality in hospital and in the development of an NSICU care plan.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.179-183
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to evaluate water quality based on physicochemical properties, including ammonium nitrogen ($NH_3-N^+$), nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N^-$), consumption of $KMnO_4$ and microbial indicators, such as total colony counts and total surveyed a group of 30 samples three times in 2005 (January to March, July to September, October to December). The mean concentration values of ammonium nitrogen ($NH_3-N^+$), nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N^-$) and the consumption of $KMnO_4$, were 0.01 mg/L (range 0.00~0.09 mg/L), 0.48 mg/L (range 0.00~3.31 mg/L) and 0.61 mg/L (0.0~3.42 mg/L), respectively. Based on the results, total colony count was detected in the ranges of 0~412 CFU/mL. In details, 84.4% of test samples was ${\leq}30CFU/mL$, 10.0% was 30~100 CFU/mL and 5.6% was ${\geq}100CFU/mL$. The detected rate of total coliforms was 6.6%. In conclusion, the ground water quality of 30 military facilities in Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and Inchon-city was acceptable for drinking except for a few detection of total colony count and total coliforms over standard.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.422-427
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to investigate the concentration of total coliforms in sewage effluents during the period from August 2004 to October 2005. The removal efficiency range of multi-tube method and plate count method were $31.3{\sim}99.5%$ and $66.8{\sim}99.2%$, respectively. Though a correlation between the multi-tube method and the plate count method in the same sample is low, not only is an experimental procedure very simple, but the time required also is short. The seasonal correlation between methods showed more sensitive spring and summer than autumn and winter. So the study indicated plate count method can be used in rapid and reliance identification of total coliform more than the multi-tube method.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 1994

The ground pork patties were made to add two level of sodium chloride(2.5%, 3.0%) and replace part(50%) of the sodium chloride(NaCl) with either potassium chloride(KCl), magnesium chloride(MgCl2) or calcium chloride(CaCl2). These samples were analyzed for their chemical composition, VBN value, TBA value, microbial counts, and cooking loss. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was more desirable in saltness than the ground pork with NaCl 3.0%. Replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with potassium chloride was more desirable to flavor, color, juiciness, and overall acceptability than replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋KCI 1.60% had higher pH value than the ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋MgCl2 0.67% or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% had lower VBN value than the ground pork with either NaCl 1.25%＋KCI 1.60%, NaCl 1.25% ＋ MgCl2 0.67%, or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.67% had higher increase in total colony count than the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.79%. Cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was lowest and cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ KCl 1.60% was highest. Potassium chloride would not be a substitute for sodium chloride in cooking loss and total colony count but potassium chloride more closely approximated the sensory properties of sodium chloride than either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.305-314
• /
• 2001

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of added green tea and black tea powder on the quality of bread during storage. Tea bread was prepared with 0.1% and 2% concentration of green tea (GT) and black tea(BT) powder. The crude fat contents of GT 2% group and BT 2% group were significantly higher than those of control group. GT l% group and BT l% group. The loaf weight of the control group was the lowest and its loaf volume was the highest. Especially, GT 2% group had the lowest loaf volume. The internal lightness value of control group was the highest. the redness value of BT 2% group and the yellowness value of GT 2% group were the highest. GT 2% group was significantly higher in hardness and gumminess and BT l% group was higher in cohesiveness and springiness. After 5 day storage, the retrogradation of GT 2% group was the highest and that of BT 2% group was the lowest among groups. After 5 day storage. pH. titratable acidity and total colony count of GT 2% group was the lowest and those of control group was the highest. The sensory score of control, GT l% and GT 2% group were evaluated higher than others. The shelf-life of tea breads were prolonged to 1~3 days by adding green tea powder and black tea powder as compared with the control group. but It must be considered the way to increase the quality of bread in loaf volume and retrogradation.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract (HCE) in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, to determine the effects of the extract on the growth performance and colony count, and to establish the optimal concentration of HCE. In total, 60 five-week-old male ICR mice with an average initial body weight (BW) of 27.24 ± 0.44 g were used in a four-week experiment. Mice were randomly allotted to four treatment groups (five replications per group, three mice per cage): 1) a control (CON) group fed with normal distilled water; 2) treatment group 1 (T1) fed with normal distilled water containing 0.05% HCE; 3) treatment group 3 (T3) fed with normal distilled water containing 0.1% HCE; and 4) treatment group 3 (T3) fed with normal distilled water containing 0.2% HCE. BW, feed intake (FI), and water intake were measured on the first, fourteenth, and eighteenth days. T2 showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) over the experimental period. However, water intake levels did not show significant differences among the groups. In the large intestine and feces, E. coli and Lactobacillus levels were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in the HCE treated group compared to the CON group. Supplying HCE via the drinking water improved the growth performance and colony count in ICR mice. Based on results of this study, utilizing HCE in livestock species is expected to be safe and feasible.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of indicator organisms in essential sanitary ware in public restrooms. Methods: Twelve public restrooms were randomly selected. Samples at three locations (toilet seat, toilet flush handle/lever, and faucet handle) in the restrooms were collected with moistened-sterile cotton swabs and applied to media in order to determine aerobic colony count (ACC), total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Results: Most of the samples taken in summer showed a higher level of ACC than those taken in winter (p<0.05). Female restrooms showed higher ACC levels on faucet handles and male restrooms on toilet flush handles/levers (p<0.05). Overall, faucet handles contained the greatest level of ACC, followed by toilet seats, whereas the least load was found on toilet flush handles/levers. The ACC level of samples in the restrooms in public parks, subway stations, and educational institutions varied. Total coliforms were identified in about 20% of toilet seats and faucet handles in male restrooms and faucet handles in female restrooms in summer. These locations were also the sites of positive results of E. coli isolation. Conclusions: The public restrooms were significantly more contaminated in summer than in winter. Overall, the most contaminated locations in the restrooms were toilet seats in male restrooms, and faucet handles in female restrooms. Poor hygienic status was indicated by the positive results of total coliforms and E. coli on samples from some sites. Therefore, sanitary control of restrooms should be improved. These results should be confirmed in a larger study that includes more public restrooms.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 1993

A survey was conducted to measure concentration of airborne microbe in a hospital using RSC air sampler during October~November 1991.The result was as follows: 1) In an agar strip GK-A media for total counts of microbial particles. The highest count were 1384 CFU/m$^3$ in the main lobby, followed by 912 CFU/m$^3$, in the obstetric room, 688 CFU/m$^3$ in 1CU. By gram staining, the distribution for organisms in the air were shown 74.1% in gram possitive cocci followed by 16.8%, in gram possitive bacilli 6.7% in gram negative bacilli and 4.7% in yeast, but low organism was detected in recovery room with 194 CFU/m$^3$. 2) In agar strip S media for Staphylococci the count at the main lobby was detected in the recovery room with 92 CFU/m$^3$, Tests of coagulase were negative Staphylococci with 78%, and positive Staphylococci with 22%. The Staphylococci were highly resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. 3) In agar strip C media for coliform bacteria the colony counts at the main lobby was 139 CFU/m$^3$ and treatment room was 190 CFU/m$^3$, most frequently isolated microorganisms were non fermentative bacilli. 4) In agar strip HS media for yeast and molds. Most frequently colony counts 17~76 CFU/m$^3$, 0.5% lactophenol cotton blue stains were shown unidentified 77.2%, 8.1%, in Penicillium 8.1% in Aspergillus, and 3.8% in mucor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2005

배 경: 암색소성이면서 집락수가 적은 비결핵항산균이 분리되는 경우 실제 NTM폐질환의 원인일 가능성이 낮다고 추정되나 아직 이에 대한 보고는 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 암색소성 저집락군 NTM배양의 임상적 의미를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 3개월간 항산균 검사가 의뢰된 6,898예를 대상으로 하여 분석하였으며 무작위로 집락수가 20개 이하인 경우를 저집락군으로 정의하였다. 모든 검체에서 결핵균, NTM의 배양 빈도를 확인하고, NTM에서는 암색소성 여부와 집락수를 분석하였다. NTM은 PRA법으로 동정하였으며 NTM폐질환의 진단은 미국흉부학회의 기준을 따랐다. 결 과: 총 6,898검체 중 NTM은 263(3.8%)예(206명) 결핵균은 382(5.5%)예 분리되었다. NTM 263 균주 중 암 색소성 균주는 124예(47.1%, 112명)이었다. 암색소성중 도말양성은 6예(4.8%)로 비암색소성 139균주 중 33예 (23.7%)에 비하여 의미 있게 낮았다(p<0.05). 균동정은 암색소성은 M. gordonae 83예(81.4%)가 가장 많이 분리되었고, 비암색소성은 MAC 52예(43.0%), M. abscessus 29예(24.0%), M. fortuitum complex 17예(14.0%)의 순이었다. 암색소성-저집락군 113명중 NTM폐질환은 3예 있었으나 모두 비암색소성으로 알려진 다른 균이 원인균이었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 암색소성-저집락 NTM은 대부분 M. gordonae였으며 NTM폐질환의 원인균이 아닌 오염균으로 추정되었다. 저집락수, 암색소성 비결핵항산균의 분리비율이 높을 경우 오염의 가능성을 생각하여 검사실의 정도관리에 최선을 다해야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 2009

We developed the Eco medium for Escherichia coli and total coliforms, which was modified by Violet Red Bile (VRB) medium, and derived the standard curve of exponential phase at $OD_{410}$ by using type strains such as E. coli ATCC11303, Enterobacter cloacae KCTC2361, Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC2241, and Citrobacter freundii KCTC2359. Also, we used total 93 samples of spring and stream water to compare the detection ability of total coliforms between the method using Eco medium and such as most probable number (MPN), and plate count methods. As a result, the qualitative analysis of E. coli and total coliforms using Eco medium contained ortho-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-galactoside (ONPG) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-$\beta$-D-glucuronide (MUG) was same as those of Korean standard methods (Colilert kit). And the colony forming unit (CFU) detected in Eco medium was similar to those of result from MPN and plate count methods. Moreover, the agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the developed kit was more than 97.5% in comparison with Colilert kit for 350 samples. Thus, the Eco medium can be used both qualitative and quantitative analysis of E. coli and total coliforms.