• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2020

The association of cold-heat (CH) pattern and anthropometry/body composition has been suggested in that they are related to thermoregulation. We aimed to study the association of CH pattern and anthropometry/body composition. A total of 1479 individuals aged 50-80 years were included in the study, and their CH pattern were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. After adjustment for age and sex, the CH score were significantly correlated with weight, BMI (body mass index), body surface area, waist-hip ratio, fat free mass, body fat mass, body cell mass, intracellular water, extracellular water, and basal metabolic rate; however, the correlation coefficients were mostly low (0.15-0.24). The selected variables for predicting CH score were various according to the methods used for variable selection; however, the adjusted R-squared of the final models were all around 0.12. Thus the most parsimonious model could be the one that includes sex and BMI. In conclusion, various anthropometry and body composition indices were associated with CH pattern. Future studies are necessary to improve the performance of the prediction model.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between weak children and growth indices. Methods One hundred twenty-six of the first and the second grade elementary school students who didn't have to develop yet their secondary sexual characteristics answered the questionnaire. Their bone age and body composition were measured. Results 1. According to the Weak Children questionnaire analysis, respiratory problem was one of the biggest problems in the weak children group (35.7%), followed by digestive problems (23.0%), psycho-neurological problems (22.2%), neuromotor problems (9.5%), and urogenital problems (8.7%). 2. From the comparison between growth indices of weak children and that of normal children are as follows: 1) The group of children who had problem in their digestive system had lower growth indices than the normal average children group. The growth indices includes mean height, weight, total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, body fat, skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). 2) The children who had urogenital weakness had lower mean height, RH (Recent Height), RH - MPH {Recent Height(%) - Mid-Parental Height(%)}, RUS (Radius, Ulna and Short bone) score, weight, protein mass, body fat, BMI, and visceral fat than the normal children group. 3. The results of the multiple comparisons of growth indices and weak children groups are as follows: 1) Digestive weak children were the lowest in total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate. 2) Urogenital weak children were the lowest in height, RH, RH - MPH, RUS score, and weight. Conclusion These results showed that children's growth is strongly correlated to their own growth problems, especially to those children who have digestive and urogenital problems. Therefore, this may be an effective way for children growth treatment in Korean medicine to treat weak symptoms.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Postmortem interval (PMI) is very important in the crime scene investigation. However, it is very difficult to estimate of the interval since death after a decomposition. Recently, there have been various studies on the postmortem interval since a decomposition. In particular, the total body score (TBS) and accumulated degree days (ADD) used to estimate the postmortem interval after a decomposition. This study was conducted with the aim of applying the TBS and ADD to estimate the postmortem interval in real forensic caseworks. In first murder case, TBS was 12 and ADD value was 132, respectively. An estimated time of PMI was around 23:00 on June 21, and the suspect's statement was 01:20 on June 22. Our estimated interval since death and the suspect's statement for the PMI differ by only 2 hours and 20 minutes. In second forensic case, TBS was 3 and ADD value was 55, respectively, an estimated time of PMI was around 02:26 on September 23. The suspect's statement was 10:30 on September 23. Our estimated time and the suspect's statement for the PMI differ by 8 hours. In these cases, we were able to have confirmed the feasibility of TBS and ADD on the real forensic cases. Overall, our finding suggested that the quantitative method could be used to produce PMI estimates that are accurate to within days or even hours.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2013

This study was performed from April, 2007 to August, 2012 with female patients who were being treated for and suffering from chronic lumbar pain for periods of 6 months and over. The 53 female patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis by having a T-Score of <-2.5 in a bone mineral density(BMD), as well as showing signs of metabolic syndrome. This was deduced by taking measurements of blood pressure, carrying out blood-chemical examinations and physical measurements such as weight, height, waist measurement and body mass index(BMI). After 5 minutes rest, the patient's blood pressure, height and weight were measured. BMI was calculated using the equation BMI = weight (Kg)/height ($m^2$). The patients had their blood taken in a fasted state(more than 12hours), the fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol were measured. The average BMD and T-score were calculated by measuring BMD(mg/cc) of L1-L3 using QCT. In a correlation analysis of the physical examinations, clinical character of metabolic syndrome and T-score, the result showed that age and T-score had a negative correlation(r=-0.699, p<0.01) as did triglyceride and T-score (r=-0.047, p<0.01), where as weight(r=0.239, p<0.05) and height(r-=0.329, p<0.01) and T-score had a positive correlation. There was no significant correlation with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure and T-score. This study showed that there are significant correlations with age, weight, height and T-score. But there are no significant correlations with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure and T-score and that these did not influence bone density. Further research with more subjects is required to determine whether there is a correlation of clinical character of metabolic syndrome and T-score.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the effects of education from using cellular phones and a short messaging service. Methods: Collected data included baseline demographics, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, body mass index and health behavior index (Dietary Practice Guidelines Score, Physical Activity, Drinking frequency, Stress score, Subjective health status, and Action change stage score). Data were collected at public health centers in Chungcheongnam-do from January to December, 2011. Data obtained from Individual health counseling Programs in Chungcheongnam-do. Analysis was divided into health risk group and Disease management group, using a paired t test. Results: Following the education of using short messaging service of cellular phones Health risk group was a reduction in the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference. Disease management group was a reduction in the systolic blood pressure and body mass index. In both groups, there were improvement in the Health behavior index; dietary practice guidelines score, physical activity, stress score, subjective health status and action change stage scores. Conclusion: These results indicated that education using short messaging service of cellular phone for Community was effective in improving health behaviors and status. By applying the results, development of customized teaching messages for stable settlement is required.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.395-402
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• 2020

A total of 60 growing pigs (25.50 ± 1.63 kg) were used in a 6-week trial to investigate the effects of diet supplementation with brewer's yeast (Saccharmyces cerevisiae) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal score of growing pigs. Pigs were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments [six replications (five pigs·pen^-1)] according to initial body weight. The dietary treatments included: 1) control, basal diet (CON); 2) basal diet supplemented with 1% brewer's yeast. Dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast showed significant improvement in body weight (BW) at weeks 4 and 6; the average daily gain (ADG) and gain : feed ratio (G/F) was higher during week 4 and overall compared with CON (p < 0.05). Brewer's yeast supplementation in the diet had no significant on the nutrient digestibility. There was no significant difference in the fecal score of CON and brewer's yeast supplementation in the diet. In conclusion, the results indicate that dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast can improve growth performance in growing pigs. The results showed that supplementation of brewer's yeast in the diet of growing pigs had a positive effect on the ADG in growing pigs, but no significant effect on nutrient digestibility and fecal score when supplemented with brewer's yeast in the diet of growing pigs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

This study evaluated the influence of enzyme mixture supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal score of growing pigs. A total of 72 pigs with an initial body weight of 20.23 ± 1.46 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments consisting of a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% enzyme mixture. During a 19-day trial, no significant difference was observed in the body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the pigs. However, a gradual increase in the average daily gain (ADG) was observed during the period from day 14 to day 19 and the overall period in pigs fed a diet supplemented with the 0.5% enzyme mixture (p < 0.10) as compared to the pigs that were fed the control diet. From days 4 to 14 and in the overall experiment, a gradual increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.10) was observed with the inclusion of 0.5% enzyme mixture supplementation. The nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and energy were not affected by enzyme mixture supplementation. In addition, dietary supplementation with the enzyme mixture had no significant effects on the fecal score of growing pigs. In summary, supplementation with the enzyme mixture had beneficial effects on the ADG performance but failed to have a significant effect on growth performance (BW), nutrient digestibility, and fecal score.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2023

Garlic powder (GP) was supplemented in the diet to assess the growth efficiency, nutritional retention, and fecal score of growing pigs. In total, 80 growing pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were arbitrarily allotted (22.04 ± 0.56 kg primary average body weight) to two different trial groups with eight repetitions (three males and two females) in each pen for the 42-day trial. The dietary treatment consisted of control (CON, basal diet), which included 0.2% GP (TRT1). Growing pigs fed the GP diet exhibited an increase (p < 0.05) in body weight on day 42 and a lower (p < 0.05) overall feed conversion ratio compared to the CON pigs; however, the average daily gain and feed intake showed no difference (p > 0.05). Additionally, nutrient utilization of dry matter was greater (p < 0.05) in the GP-supplemented diet group than in the CON group. The feeding methods did not adversely affect the nitrogen and energy utilization and the fecal score significantly (p > 0.05). In summary, growing pigs fed the GP diet showed increased growth and nutritional utilization, and no adverse impact on the fecal score; thus, it could be utilized as a stimulant for improved growth performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1108-1114
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• 2007

Twenty eight non-lactating and non-pregnant adult Serra da Estrela ewes, ranging in body condition score (BCS) from 1 to 4 were used to study the relationships between BCS, live weight (LW), body composition and fat partition. Ewes were slaughtered and their kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF), sternal fat (STF) and omental plus mesenteric fat (OMF) were separated and weighed. Left sides of carcasses as well as the respective lumbar joints were then dissected into muscle, bone and subcutaneous (SCF) and intermuscular fat (IMF). The relationship between LW and BCS was studied using data from 1,396 observations on 63 ewes from the same flock and it was found to be linear. Regression analysis was also used to describe the relationships among BCS and/or LW and weights (kg) and percentages in empty body weight (EBW) of dissected tissues. The prediction of weights and percentages in EBW of total fat (TF) and of all fat depots afforded by BCS was better than that provided by LW. Only the weight of muscle and the percentage of bone in the EBW were more efficiently predicted by LW than by BCS. IMF represented the largest fat depot with a BCS of 1 and 2, whereas SCF was the most important site of fat deposition with a BCS of 3 and 4. Allometric coefficients for each fat depot in TF suggest that the fat deposition order in ewes from this breed is: IMF, OMF, SCF and KKCF. Results demonstrate that BCS is a better predictor than LW of body reserves in this breed and that LJ is a suitable anatomical region to evaluate BCS.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.290-298
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to measure the quality of life(QOL) and to identify the related factors in gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy. Method: The subjects of this study were the patients who had undergone a hysterectomy and were admitted for chemotherapy at S university hospital between November 2006 and April 2007. Data was collected from 106 gynecological cancer patients with the use of a structured questionnaire which measured the QOL(FACT-G), body image, the presence of anxiety & depression, uncertainty, and family support. The data was analyzed by the SPSS win 12.0 program. Results: The mean FACT-total score was 62.1$({\pm}16.7)$ (range; 26-107). Positive correlations were found between QOL and body image(r= .67, p= .00), and QOL and family support(r= .32, p= .00), whereas there were negative correlations between QOL and anxiety(r= -.54, p= .00), QOL and depression(r= -.70, p= .00), and QOL and uncertainty(r= -.59, p= .00). Fifty seven pre cent of the variance in subjective overall QOL can be explained by depression, body image, and uncertainty(Adj $R^2$= .57, F=47.00, p= .00). Conclusion: Our patients had a relatively low QOL score. Factors significantly affecting quality of life were depression, body image and uncertainty. Nursing interventions, therefore, should be focused on improving QOL in gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy, particularly so in patients with depression, uncertainty or poor body image.