• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2007

This study investigates the filed application in Daebul Free Trade Zone applying both a flowing method using drying shrinkage-reducing superplasticizer(SRS) and an insulating curing method using double layer bubble sheet. Test results showed that fresh concrete satisfied target slump and air content. A structure adding SRS significantly decreased the total bleeding capacity and accelerated the setting time. As for the crack occurrence, the structure applying the flowing method and double bubble sheets simultaneously exhibited the most favorable crack endurance, while conventional concrete showed more than 1mm size of crack in overall. In addition, a structure applying the flowing concrete method partially presented the micro crack. For the area proportion of crack occurrence, the structure using the double bubble sheets indicated 9.8%, while others applying flowing concrete method was 28%, compared with that of conventional one. For the compressive strength of specimens, standard curing specimens indicated $3{\sim}33%$ higher value than that of specimens cured besides the field construction. The specimens containing SRS improved the strength of $2{\sim}6MPa$, which is $10{\sim}22%$ higher than that of conventional concrete.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회 논문집
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• pp.13-16
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• 2006

This study investigates filed application in Daebul Free Trade Zone of a flowing method using drying shrinkage-reducing superplasticizer(SRS) and an insulating curing method using double bubble sheets. Test showed that fresh concrete satisfied target slump and air content. A structure adding SRS significantly decreased the total bleeding capacity and accelerated the setting time. As for the crack occurrence, the structure applying the flowing method and double bubble sheets simultaneously exhibited the most favorable crack endurance, while conventional concrete showed more than 1mm size of crack in overall, and a structure applying only the flowing method partially presented micro crack. For the area proportion of crack occurrence, the structure using the double bubble sheets indicated 9.8%, while others applying flowing method was 28%, compared with 100% of conventional one. Standard curing specimens had about $3{\sim}6%$ higher compressive strength than that of specimens cured at adjacent field construction. In addition, using SRS improved about $5{\sim}7MPa$, than that of conventional concrete at 91 days elapse.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2011

본 연구는 컨테이너 물동량이 컨테이너 터미널을 운영할 때 얼마만큼 영향을 주는지를 알아보기 위하여 SD기법을 이용하여 모델을 구축하고, 이를 이용하여 정량적인 결과치를 분석하며, 의사결정자들에게 시사점을 제공하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 대상은 인천남항에 위치한 'A'컨테이너 터미널을 선정하였으며, 시뮬레이션 기간은 2004년부터 2020년까지 설정하였다. 터미널 운영에 관한 평가지표로는 터미널의 '총 매출액', 'C/Y가동률', 'G/C가동률'을 선정하였으며, 물동량 변동요인은 '세계교역량 증감률', '동북 3국 교역량 증감률', '대미환율 증감률' 등 대외적 변동요인을 이용하였다. 연구결과 2020년을 기준으로 'A' 컨테이너 터미널의 수출입 물동량은 약 88만TEU로 예상되며, 매출액은 약 80억원으로 예상된다. 그리고 G/C의 가동률은 약 65% 기록하였다. 하지만 컨테이너 적재량 및 C/Y의 가동률은 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 C/Y의 처리능력을 초과하였기 때문이라 판단할 수 있으며 'A'컨테이너 터미널 의사결정자들은 C/Y 공간확보의 시급함을 인식하여야 할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2014

Water footprint is defined as the total volume of direct and indirect water used to produce a good and service by consumer or producer, and measured at the point of production based on virtual water concept. The green and blue water footprint refers to the volume of the rainwater and the irrigation water consumed, respectively. Crop water footprint is expected to be used as the basic data for agricultural water resources policies at production, consumption and trade aspect. Thus, it is necessary to estimate suitable green and blue water footprint for South Korea. The objective of this paper is to quantify the green and blue water footprint and usage of upland crops during the period 2001-2010. To estimate the water footprint, 43 upland crop production quantity and harvested area data were collected for 10 years and FAO Penman-Monteith equation was adopted for calculating crop water requirement. As the results, the water footprint of cereals, vegetables, fruits and oil crops accounted for 1,994, 165, 605, and 4,226 $m^3/ton$, respectively. The usage of water footprint for crop production has been estimated at 3,499 (green water) and 216 (blue water) $Mm^3/yr$ on average showing a tendency to decrease. Fruits and vegetables have the largest share in the green water usage, consuming about 1,200 and 1,060 $Mm^3/yr$ which are about 65 % of gross usage. The results of this study are expected to be understood by the agricultural water footprint as well as by the total water footprint from both a production and consumption perspective in Korea.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Purpose: This study identifies the relative importance of the sub - factors of initial services and continuous services using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, and calculates the competitive index for the detailed factors. The purpose of this paper is to propose the establishment of long - term and short - term management strategy for expansion of business of food service franchise, franchisors, long - term and win - win relationship with franchisees, and rationalization of operating system. Research design, data, and methodology: The population for the survey is 92 franchisees in 46 foreign brands and 46 domestic brands in the Seoul metropolitan area (Seoul / Gyeonggi / Incheon). The survey was conducted from July 1 to August 31, 2018 through the survey agency with a telephone interview and a surveyor's direct visit. A total of 100 questionnaires were collected, but a total of 92 parts were used for analysis except 8 parts that were considered to contain false information. Using the AHP method, relative importance and competitiveness index were calculated for the details of initial services and continuous services. Results: The results shows continuous services were significantly higher for both foreign brand franchises, domestic brand franchises, and overall than initial services, This suggests that the continuous services of the affiliated franchisors has a higher relative importance than the initial services. Among the continuous services, brand reinforcement and promotion were significantly higher for both foreign brand merchants and domestic brand franchises. This can be regarded as the most important factor in brand reinforcement and promotion when selecting a food service franchisors. Conclusions: In the Standard Terms and Conditions governed by the Fair Trade Commission, the franchisors should increase the fairness by creating manuals for supporting services, especially after opening, and regularly checking whether the supporting services have been carried out like manuals since the establishment of franchisees. In addition, the Brand Strengthening and Public Relations Committee (tentative name) jointly participated by the franchisors and franchisees for the purpose of strengthening and promoting the brand, suggesting a system for transparent and efficient execution of the brand reinforcement and promotion budget and monitoring afterwards.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.123-143
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• 2009

본 연구는 우리나라 물류기업의 총요소생산성 증가율 결정요인으로서 개별 기업의 시장지배력과 기업구조의 효과를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 기존의 연구와 달리 물류산업의 총요소생산성 결정요인으로서 시장점유율, 기업소유구조, 기업연령, 기업규모, 부채비율 등을 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과에 따르면, 물류기업의 시장점유율은 총요소생산성 증가율과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 물류산업에서 기업의 성과가 생산성 측면에서 측정될 수 있는 효율성보다 시장점유율에 따른 시장지배력에 영향을 받을 가능성이 높다는 것을 의미한다. 한편 최근에 창업한 기업일수록 총요소생산성 증가율이 높고, 중소기업에 비해 대기업의 총요소생산성 증가율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 추정모형, 분석대상 기간, 분석대상 산업의 범위에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 총요소생산성과의 관계에 있어서 1대주주 지분율로 측정된 기업소유구조나 부채비율은 유의성이나 부호 측면에서 일관된 결과를 보여주지 못하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-101
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• 1993

This study is aimed at evaluating the present management status of the rural special production area development projects and identifying managerial problems to propose new direction of the political countermeasures for the projects. In the con text of implementing the five year's economic developent plans for the past three decades, agricultural production and farm-household income have also been grown rapidly. However the income gap between rural and urbarn laborer, as an internal problem, has widened during the decades and the UR problems concerning free trade of agricultural products, as an external problems, are now agonizing the small-holder farm economy in Korea. The internal and external farm problems could be solved through improvement of agricultural structure and provision of off-farm jobs for farm household income increase. As a part of the off-farm income sources, the rural special production area development projects have propelled by the government throughout the country. The main problems to be solved for the successful implementation of the projects are as follows : 1. Present loan amount by the financial fund was estimated at 6-7% of the total installation costs required. To expand and implement the project successfully, enough financial credit support with favorable terms and conditions have to be considered by the government. 2. The operation patterns of the special production area development project should be recommended from the view point of cooperative and private operation to maximize farm household incomes including profits, marketing charges and dividens. 3. Improvement of the marketing channel of the products and marketing information through TV program and other mass communication should be implemented strongly to promote marketsales by the financial supports of the government. 4. In connection with the off-farm income increase, the population migrating to urban area in outside Chungnam province equivalent to 10-12 thousand persons with age of 20-49 years should be taken into account politically to be employed in the projects in the province. 5. Surplus farm labors should be created by means of improvement of agricultural structure including large farm management with farm mechanization and job opportunities have also to be provided in connection with the rural special production area development projects. The two imminent subjects are the prerequisites to increase off-farm incomes for the farmers living in Chungnam province. 6. Required credit supports for investment and operation costs of the projects should be taken actions by the government.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2019

Background: Despite the increasing role of dry forests in climate change adaptation and mitigation, these versatile resources has got less attention in the national and regional planning, their potential to enhance the local and national economy has been overlooked, and their contribution to sustainable environmental management has not been recognized. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the socioeconomic contribution of dry forests and forest products to climate change adaptation in the Liben Woreda, Southern Oromia region of Ethiopia. Methods: For this study, an integrated qualitative and quantitative approach was used. A total of 74 households from villages in the Bulbul, Boba, and Melka-Guba kebeles were randomly selected for the household survey. Results: Results showed that 75% of the respondents in the area indicated that climate change has become their major sources of vulnerability, where drought has been manifested in the form of crops failure and massive death of livestock particularly cattle species. The main income strategies of the study households include livestock, crop, forests such as gum and resins, firewood and charcoal and non-farm activities such as in the form of petty trade, wage and aid. The average total household income was ETB 11,209.7. Out of this, dry forest income constituted 15% of the total income. In addition to using dry forests as rangeland for livestock, the communities collect wood for construction, fodder, traditional medicine, and forest food both for subsistence and for sale. On the other hand, dry forest products could be considered as less vulnerable, rather resilient livelihood strategies to climate- and environment-related risks compared to livestock and crop production such as in the face of drought periods. More than 48.6% of the households argued that the income generated from dry forests increased substantially due to increment in the level of engagement of family members in forest based income activities. On the other hand, 35.8% of the households responded that livestock production, particularly camels and goats, have been making the livelihood strategies of the respondents more resilient indicating the shift made from grazers browsers to livestock. In general trends show that, the trends of livelihood dependency on dry forest were highly increasing indicating the importance of dry forest income in responsse to frequent droughts. Conclusions: Dry forest income has been becoming crucial livelihood staretgy in response to frequent droughts in the study area and hence, it is important to improve the management of dry forests for livelihood enhancement, while also securing their long-term ecological functions.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1991

In recent years, the communication and the trade between the Republic of Korea(South Korea) and the Communist bloc has been activated. The simultaneous entrance of South Korea and North Korea to the United Nations will accelerate the political dialogue and also the trade which is indirectly carried out through a third country at present will be turned into direct way. Fisheries products are also treated as one of the important trade goods and there is a hopeful prospect that the amount of trade will be steeply increased in the near future. Furthermore, there is a great possibility of development up to the joint utilization of fishing grounds or the joint investment in fisheries projects. Concerning such points, since it is very much important to understand the present status of fisheries in North Korea, the author made a study on this field as requested by the Board of Unification, and report a part of the study here. The prominent character of North Korea's ruling sea area is that the sea is completely separated into two regions-the East Sea Region and the West Sea Region-and no continuity exists between them. The East Sea Region locates in the fringe of the biggest fishing ground of the world-the North Pacific Ocean-and very rich in resources not only warm water fishes but also cold water fishes. Especially alaska pollack, Theragra chalcogramma, is caught abundantly in this region. Contrary to that, fishing activity in the West Sea Region seems to be interrupted in winter. Even though some valuable warm water fishes-yellow corvenia, Pseudosciaena manchurica, and hair tail, Trichiurus lepturus, and so forth-come to this region from spring to summer along the coast line of this region for spawning, and vigorous fishing activity is carried out. But the most of them migrate southward to the neighboring waters of Cheju Island for wintering from autumn to winter, and so the fishing activity in this region seems to be interrupted greatly during winter. The total number of fishing boats in North Korea is estimated at 36 thousand and the rate of mechnization at about 70% compared with 99 thousand and 78% in South Korea. North Korea proclaimed an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles in 1977. Specific character of this zone is setting of military boundary zone, up to 50 miles from the base line in the East Sea Region and also it covers whole region of the economic zone in the West Sea Region. Especially in the East Sea Region she set up a straight base line which can not be permissible by the international law. North Korea's statistics on fisheries product has not been announced officially on account of her unique isolationism, but it can be estimated through several data procured. At the first, the amount of fisheries products in the North Korea is reported as about 1.7 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ by Fisheries Statistics which issued by the FAO in 1987, but a North Korea's trade organization announced the amount as 3.5 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ in 1988. The former seems to be underestimated and the latter must be an exaggeration. According to Chikuni, who is a Japanese worker for FAO, prepared the unofficial statistics based on the evidence which he collected through the fineries development plan of the FAO/UNDP, and estimated the mean amount between 1982 and 1984 was 2.4 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ or so. The Board of Unification estimated on the basis of various factors that the amount was 2.2 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ or so in 1987 and in 1988. This seems to be the most reasonable. To solve the chronic lack of foreign currency, North Korea makes effort on the development of fisheries, and has even aimed fisheries product at 11 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ by 1993, but this target looks unrealistic under the present circumstances. Somehow, we can exploit her extreme policy which has gone so far as to establish such an excessive and impractical target. Nevertheless this will be helpful to promote the joint development of the fishery activity between South Korea and North Korea.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.109-134
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• 2011

미국의 지원 하에 추진된 우리베 정권(Alvaro Uribe:2002-2010)의 마약퇴치 및 불법무장조직에 대한 강경책은 가시적 성과에도 불구하고 마약과 관련된 범죄는 증가했으며, 마약재배와 거래량의 변화를 동반하지 않았다. 오히려 불법작물 재배권을 둘러싼 좌.우익 불법무장단체들의 무력분쟁은 심화되었고, 강제실향민으로 인한 난민은 급증했다. 2005년 실향민등록위원회 RUPD(el Registro Único de Población Desplazada)는 콜롬비아 전체인구의 7.3%에 해당하는 3,316,862명이 난민상태라고 보고했다. 특히 2002년 강제실향민으로 인한 난민 수는 전년대비 624%의 대폭적인 증가율을 나타냈다. 강제실향민 주요 배출지역은 마약범죄와 불법무장조직의 활동과 관련을 맺고 있는 곳으로 불법무장단체와 민병대의 점령지 확장과정에서 무력분쟁이 지속적으로 증가했다. 불법무장조직과 민병대가 불법작물경작지를 차지하는 과정에서 농민에 대한 무차별적인 공격을 감행하여 강제실향민이 급증하였고, 이들은 상주지를 떠나 국경을 넘어 접경지역으로 이동했다. 2002년 우리베 정권이 등장하기 이전 강제실향민문제는 일부 특정지역에 국한되었지만, 국가안보정책 추진이후 강제실향민은 양적인 팽창뿐만 아니라, 전국적으로 확산되는 경향을 나타냈다. 마약거래의 주요 루트였던 아마존 지역이 폐쇄되자 불법무장조직의 활동거점이 태평양 역으로 이동되었고, 특히 파나마 접경지역은 이전에 존재하지 않았던 강제실향민으로 인한 콜롬비아 난민이 증가했다. 본 연구는 2002년 우리베 정권등장 이후 증가한 국경지역 강제실향민을 대상으로 콜롬비아 난민증가 원인에 대해 고찰해 보고자 한다. 역사적으로 콜롬비아의 강제실향민이 가장 많이 분포되어 있는 베네수엘라와 1990년대 말 이후 강제실향민의 새로운 정착지로 변모한 파나마 그리고 2000년 들어 다른 인접국보다도 급격하게 증가한 에콰도르 접경지역의 강제실향민을 중심으로 강제실향민 증가원인을 고찰하고 이를 바탕으로 난민문제 해결을 위한 콜롬비아 정부의 노력을 살펴볼 것이다.