• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1524-1528
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• 2004

In order to determine the extent of change in nitrogen fractions and in vitro ruminal degradability of forage protein during ensilage and the influence on nitrogen utilization by sheep, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were ensiled in separate 120 L silos for 5, 21 and 56 days. With respect to nitrogen fractions, fraction 1 (buffer solution soluble nitrogen), fraction 2 (buffer solution insoluble nitrogen-neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen), fraction 3 (neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen-acid detergent insoluble nitrogen), and fraction 4 (acid detergent insoluble nitrogen) were determined. Fractions 1 and 2 accounted for more than 80% of total nitrogen in orchardgrass and 90% of that in alfalfa. The proportion of fraction 1 in orchardgrass increased from 33.0% at day 0 to 52.0% after day 56 of ensiling. In the case of alfalfa silage it was 41.7% and 62.9%, respectively. Seventy percent of this increase occurred within the first 5 days of ensiling. A similar change of in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen was also observed in both forages. Nitrogen retention in sheep tended to decrease as the length of ensiling increased, with a significantly positive correlation between urinary nitrogen and fraction 1, and in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.811-817
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• 2009

To determine changes in nitrogen contents and optimal rates as N fertilizer, we investigated nitrogen characteristics in the slurry in the respond to the application of 0, 0.5, and 1 g of ferrous sulfate or alum /25g of dairy slurry. Additions of ferrous sulfate or alum increase total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, available nitrogen, and predicted available nitrogen contents in dairy slurry, resulting in reduction in pH. The best results were found in the treatment with 0.5 g of ferrous sulfate or alum /25 g of dairy slurry. In conclusion, the use of ferrous sulfate or alum as on-farm amendment to dairy slurry should be represented an alternative to improve N in dairy slurry.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2016

The main objective of this research was to estimate the total mass of nitrogen discharged from various sources in paddy field area of South Korea in 2010 and 2013. Input and output budgets for nitrogen were estimated by mass balance approach. The mass balance approach reduces the effect of flow variations, and the large scale approach minimizes local effects, resulting in easier and faster establishment of strategy for nonpoint pollution problems. Nitrogen inputs were chemical fertilizer, compost, atmospheric deposition, biological fixation, and agricultural water, while crop uptake, denitrification, volatilization, and infiltration were nitrogen outputs. The estimated total nitrogen inputs for paddy field in South Korea were $266,211ton\;yr^{-1}$, $260,729ton\;yr^{-1}$, while those of total nitrogen outputs were $168,463ton\;yr^{-1}$, $164,994ton\;yr^{-1}$ in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Annual amounts of potential nitrogen outflow from paddy field were $97,748ton\;yr^{-1}$, $95,735ton\;yr^{-1}$ in 2010 and 2013. Also, annual rate of potential nitrogen outflow were 36.7%, 36.7% in 2010 and 2013, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 1988

아미노산간장의 품질을 개선하여 공업적규모의 국첨가 아미노산간장을 제조하기 위한 자료를 얻고자 총질소농도를 0.5%에서 1.5%까지 각각 조정한 아미노산간장에 탈지대두와 소맥국을 첨가하여 담금한 국첨가 아미노산간장의 숙성과정중 각종 물리화학적 성분을 분석 하였다. 총질소와 아미노태질소, 비중, 순고형분, 색도 및 적정산도는 총질소농도를 높게 조정하여 담금한 국첨가 아미노산간장에서 높았으나 총질소와 아미노태질소의 증가량은 총질소농도를 높게 조정한 시험구에서 낮았다. 환원당은 담금 1개월경까지 총질소농도가 높은 시험구에서 높았고 pH는 담금 2개월경까지 총질소농도가 낮은 시험구에서 높았다. 에칠알콜은 담금 5개월후 총질소농도를 0.5%로 조정한 시험구에서는 2.07%이었고 1.5%의 시험구에서는 1.44%이었다. 레브린산과 젖산은 총질소농도가 낮은 시험구에서 그 함량이 높았고 구연산은 숙성 전과정동안 증가하는 경향이었다. 국첨가 아미노산간장의 양조에는 총질소함량이 0.5% 내지 0.7%가 되도록 아미노산간장을 희석하여 담금한 후 약 $2{\sim}3$개월간 숙성시키는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1987

KA 101 and Xanthi-Basma were cultivated in Korea and Greece to compare the respective responses to environments on their leaf composition during 1984 and 1985. Cured leaves cultivated in Greece had brighter and greenish color with 2-4 times higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids showing higher contents of total nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract, volatile acids and neutrals, but crude ash and pH of leaves at top stalk position were lower than in Korean cultured leaves. Xanthi-Basma showed higher contents of nicotine and total nitrogen, but lower contents of reducing sugar than KA 101. There were no difference in crude ash, petroleum ether extract contents and pH of leaves. Among stalk positions, the upper stalk leaves in Greece had higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract and volatile acids but lower contents of reducing sugar than lower ones., whereas the supper stalk leaves in Korea had much higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, pH, crude ash, but not higher contents of petroleum ether extract and volatile acid contents than lower stalk position. It suggest that in chemical criteria the better quality leaves are on the upper stalk position in Greece but not the same in Korea probably due to the rainy weather conditions during the later growth stage in Korea.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2001

This study was done to examine the relationship between serum chemical values (urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol) of recipients and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Blood samples were taken from 184 Holstein heifers or cows on Day 6 or 7 (Day 0=day of estrus) to analysis for serum urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentrations. After selection of recipients, frozen Holstein embryos were thawed and directly transferred to recipients non-surgically. The average serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol were 13.8 mg/dl, 56.5 mg/dl, 7.2 mg/dl, 124.8 mg/dl, respectively. The average concentrations of serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol were lower (P<0.05) in pregnant recipients (10.7 mg/dl, 99.2 mg/dl) than in non-pregnant recipients (13.0 mg/dl, 122.2 mg/dl), respectively, although the concentrations of glucose and total protein were not different. These results show serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations can be used important factors for selection of recipients in Holstein.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.402-408
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• 1998

A rapid processing method for fermented sauce of favorable flavor was investigated with low-usefulness marine resources. Hydrolyzed at optimal conditions for 6 hours usuing alcalase, and separated by molecularporous membrane. It's very effective for remove bitter taste at below M.W. 100 dalton, and effective at below M.W.500 dalton. Added 2% invert sugar in fermented sauce at below M.W.500 dalton, and thermal treatment at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes were improved flavor. Chemical composition of fermented sauce using hair tail were 80.7% of moisture, 2.2% of carbohydrate, 1.8% of total nitrogen, 1.6% of amino nitrogen and pH was 6.5. The ratio of amino nitrogen in total nitrogen was 77.8%. And chemical composition of fermented sauce used gizzard shad, kangdale, pen shell and oyster were similar to fermented sauce used hair tail. Total nitrogen were above 1.8% and the ratio of amino nitrogen in total nitrogen was 77.7∼84.2% in all fermented sauce. Amino acid contents in fermented sauce used hair tail, gizzard shad, kangdale, pen shell and oyster were 4,318.1mg%, 4,681.3mg%, 3,156.2mg% and 4,175.0mg%, respectively. And the predominant free amino acid were glutamic acid, lysine and glycine in all fermented sauce.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

질소와 가리 시용량이 버어리종 잎담배 (1988년 ; Burley 21. 1989년 ; Burley 21과 KB 101 )의 내용성분과 물리성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 질소 3수준( 1988년 ; 17.5, 22. 75, 28.0kg/10a, 1989년 ; 12.5, 17.5, 22.5kg/10a), 가리 3수준 (1988년 ; 17.5, 35.0, 52.5kg/10a, 1989년 : 25.0, 35.0, 45.0 kg/10a)을 두어 포장에서 시험 한 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Burley 21에 비하여 KB 101이 전질소 및 전알칼로이드 함량, 가리 /전질소 함량비가 낮았던 반면, 명도, 적색도, 황색도 및 부풀성이 높았다. 2. 전질소 및 전알칼로이드 함량은 질소를 22.75kg/10a까지 시용할 때는 증가폭이 컸으나 22.75kg/10a을 초과하여 시용할 때는 증가폭이 완만하였다. 또한 질소시용량 증가에 의하여 건엽의 가리함량, 가리/전질소 함량비, 부풀성 및 부스러짐 저항성지수가 낮아졌다. 3. 가리시용량 증가에 의하여 건엽의 가리용량과 부스러짐 저항성지수는 높아졌다. 4. 건엽의 가리/전질소 함량비에 미치는 영향은 가리시용량보다는 질소시용량이 컸다. 5. 질소시용량이 22.75kg/10a을 초과할 때, 잎담배의 품질과 이화학성에 유리한 점은 없었으며, 가리시용량은 현행 시비량인 35.0kg/10a 이면 충분할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2007

Twenty-four wetlands located in Higashi-Hiroshima City in West Japan were selected for this study in order to investigate both the relationship between aquatic plant composition and environmental conditions; and the relationship between changing land use patterns in the catchments and the concentration of different forms of nitrogen in the wetlands. The dominant and subdominant species which comprised the principal vegetation were determined based on a vegetation census conducted in each wetland during the growing season from June to August, 2006. The seasonal variations of water quality factors (pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, and temperature) and different forms of nitrogen such as nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were analyzed as important indicators of water quality for the surface water of the wetlands. The surveyed wetlands were classified into three types (non-disturbed wetlands, moderately-disturbed wetlands and highly-disturbed wetlands), based on the degree of human disturbance to their catchment areas. An analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference among the wetland groups in the annual mean values of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen. Classification of the wetlands into three groups has revealed a pattern of changes in the composition of plant species in the wetlands and a pattern of changes in nitrogen concentrations. A majority of the non-disturbed wetlands were characterized by Brasenia schrebi and Trapa bispinosa as dominant; with Potamogeton fryeri and Iris pesudacorus as sub-dominant species. For most of the moderately-disturbed wetlands, Brasenia schrebi were shown to be a dominant species; Elocheriss kuriguwai and Phragmites australis were observed as sub-dominant species. For a majority of the highly-disturbed wetlands, Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia were observed as dominant species, and Nymphea tetragona as the sub-dominant species in the study area. An analysis of land use and water quality factors indicated that forest area played a considerable role in reducing the concentration of nutrients, and can act as a sink for surface/subsurface nutrient inputs flowing into wetland water, anchor the soil, and lower erosion rates into wetlands.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

To get the information of flue-cured leaf, the chemical constituents, quality indices, leaf color and the effects of climatic factors on the physicochemical properties of leaf produced from 2000 to 2004 crop years at 6 growing areas were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents for 5 years were as follows ; nicotine 2.22%, total sugar 28.0%, total nitrogen 1.89%, ether extracts 6.37% and chlorine 0.38%. The nicotine and total nitrogen contents were low while the total sugar were high as compared with KT&G recommended contents(nicotine ; $2.5{\sim}3.0%$, total nitrogen; $2.0{\sim}2.5%$, total sugar ; below 25.0%). The variations of physicochemical properties among crop years were high while those of growing areas relatively low. The nicotine content of leaf was negatively correlated to the rainfalls in June and July sugar content was negatively correlated to the average air temperature in June and July according to crop years. The orange colored leaves were produced under the drought and long sunshine weather condition while the lemon colored leaves were produced under the contrary condition according to crop years. Blending the different crop year's leaves in the proper way may be beneficial to produce of uniform and consistent cigarettes. It is considered that the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer or improving of nitrogen uptake may be available to increase the nicotine and nitrogen and decrease the total sugar contents of flue-cured leaf tobacco.