• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2009

석유를 대체할 수 있는 현실적 대안으로 주목받고 있는 직접석탄액화(direct coal liquefaction, DCL) 공정의 경제성을 평가하고자하였다. 이때 역청탄을 이용하여 주요 제품(디젤, 나프타) 생산량 50,000 bbl/day의 규모에 대하여 각 공정에 적합한 검토기준을 세워 비용 및 매출액등을 산정하였다. 또한 각 공정별 민감도 분석을 실시하여 공정에 대한 중요 변수들의 가격 변동에 따른 경제성을 평가하였다. 본 생산량을 기준으로 Illinois #6 유연탄을 원료탄으로 사용하였을 때, 총 투자액은 $3,994,858,000로 나타났다. 내부수익률(internal rate of return, IRR)의 경우, 기본조건에서 각각 6.60%로 나타났으며, 원료석탄 가격과 생산 제품 판매가에 가장 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 원금상환 기간은 12.8년으로 긴 시간을 요구하며, 이는 현재의 고석탄가 때문으로 해석된다. 또한 민감도 분석 결과 제품가격, 원료석탄 가격, 건설비의 변동률 순서로 수익률에 변화를 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.215-230
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• 1997

Today, The biggest problem in the structure of high cost and low efficient economic situation in Korea is found due to problem of cost circulation field, so the government officials and enterprises trying to solve it. In fact, The high cost, low efficient structure is not good to poor circulation of goods among businesses, especially in Dae-gus local industries. also, we face there is a shortage of indirect social capital which caused by a lack of connectoin among businesses in the circulation field. Recently, in order to solve the problem of circulation, it is above all necessary that government and local authorities pay attention to it and effort of positive and drastical investment. As the economy of Dae-gu would be activiate and local firms competion should be strengthen, it is request that the policy for efficiency in the circulation of goods need to effort as follows; 1. The highest class of local firms try to convert of knowledge in order to reduce the cost of goods. 2. To efficient of firms goods, it is essential that standardize the goods and spread for automation, so in the long run, There will be thrust forward establishment of total goods information network.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2021

Purposes: This study aims to identify factors affecting dental university hospitals' profitability and understand recent their business condition. Methodology: Data from 2016 to 2019 was collected from financial statement, public open data in 8 dental university hospitals. For the study, multiple regression test with stepwise selection was applied. Findings: First of all, 9 out of 19 independent variables were selected by stepwise selection. As a result of multiple regression test with selected independent variables and the dependent variable(operating profit margin ratio), the factors affecting hospitals' profitability were the number of dental unit chair, hospital location, debt ratio, total capital turnover ratio, employment cost rate, material cost rate, management expense rate, the number of patient per a dentist. Practical Implication: To improve dental university hospitals' profitability, hospitals specifically analysis and manage their cost such as employment, material and management cost and seek effectiveness by managing the proper number of patient per a dentist.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2418-2425
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• 2021

Monazite is a phosphate mineral that contains thorium (Th) and rare earth elements. The Th concentration in monazite can be as high as 500 ppm, and it has the potential to be used as fuel in the nuclear power system. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct the techno-economic analysis (TEA) of Th extraction in the form of thorium oxide (ThO₂) from monazite. Th can be extracted from monazite through an alkaline fusion method. The TEA of ThO₂ production studied parameters, including raw materials, equipment costs, total plant direct and indirect costs, and direct fixed capital cost. These parameters were calculated for the production of 0.5, 1, and 10 ton ThO₂ per batch. The TEA study revealed that the highest production cost was ascribed to installed equipment. Furthermore, the highest return on investment (ROI) of 21.92% was achieved for extraction of 1 ton/batch of ThO₂, with a payback time of 4.56 years. With further increase in ThO₂ production to 10 ton/batch, the ROI was decreased to 5.37%. This is mainly due to a significant increase in the total capital investment with increasing ThO₂ production scale. The minimum unit production cost was achieved for 1 ton ThO₂/batch equal to 335.79 $/Kg ThO₂.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2008

A national consultative project entitled "corrosion cost survey in China and preventive strategies" was funded by the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1998. Soon afterwards, an expert group was organized jointly by the Institute of Metal Research, CAS and Chinese Society of Corrosion and Protection. The report on corrosion cost survey in China was published in 2003. According to this report the overall annual corrosion cost in China estimated by the Uhlig Method and Hoar Method at 1997-2001 was found to be 200.7 billion Yuan RMB and 228.8 billion Yuan RMB respectively, which is equivalent to 2% of the gross national product of China. However the total cost of corrosion including the direct and indirect cost was estimated to be more than 500 billion Yuan RMB per year in China. Among them, corrosion cost of infrastructure ranked in first comparing with other sectors. Although corrosion costs in some sectors, such as electric power, petrochemical, oil pipeline and railway in China has reduced in the past years, significant losses are still being encountered in most sectors of industries and cost-effective methods have not always been implemented. Both successful and unsuccessful cases in corrosion control and corrosion management were collected. As the investment in capital construction continues increasing rapidly in China, the maintenance and life extension of the infrastructures will become a big issue. The preventive strategies have been suggested

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.155-177
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• 1997

Since 1995 the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology has introduced and implemented a project based system (PBS) for awarding R&D funds. While capital investments for national laboratories such as buildings and research facilities are supported by the government, normal operating expenses including personnel expenses should be earned by national laboratories through open competition under PBS. The project budget includes both direct research costs and indirect costs. The purpose of this paper is to examine the components of indirect costs and to examine determinants of indirect costs of national laboratories in Korea. The indirect costs of nineteen national laboratories are examined. The direct personnel costs and indirect personnel costs out of total personnel costs are 72% and 28%, respectively. The average indirect cost rate is 74.1% of direct personnel costs. Major components of indirect costs are general operating costs, indirect personnel costs, taxes and dues, and expenses related to the usage of equipment. The significant determinants of indirect cost are indirect personnel ratio. the ratio of unique projects, the type of national laboratories (pure research laboratories or other), and asset activity ratio measured as research divided by total assets. The high indirect personnel ratio, the high ratio of unique projects, the laboratories classified as other, the low asset activity ratio are related to high indirect cost rates.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.55-61
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• 1985

양계 및 양돈용 배합사료중 pellet 사료와 분말사료의 생산비를 비교하였다. 비교분석을 위하여 박(1982)이 개발한 모형을 이용하였으며 공장의 규모는 일산 80ton으로부터 400ton이었다. 분석된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동력비는 pellet 사료가 분말사료에 비해 4배가 높았다. 2. 노동비는 pellet 사료가 분말사료에 비해 20%가 높았다. 3. 일산 200ton 규모의 경우 투자비용은 pellet 사료가 20% 높았다. 4. 고정비 및 변동비를 고려한 총생산비를 공장규모가 100ton에서 400ton으로 커질 경우 pellet 사료가 분말사료에 비해 30%에서 50%로 증가되었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2018

The increase in data traffic calls for investment in mobile networks; however, the saturating revenue of mobile broadband and increasing capital expenditure are discouraging mobile operators from investing in next-generation mobile networks. Mobile network sharing is a viable solution for operators and regulators to resolve this dilemma. This research uses a difference-in-differences analysis of 33 operators (including 11 control operators) to empirically evaluate the cost reduction effect of mobile network sharing. The results indicate a reduction in overall operating expenditure and short-term capital expenditure by national roaming. This finding implies that future technology and standards development should focus on flexible network operation and maintenance, energy efficiency, and maximizing economies of scale in radio access networks. Furthermore, mobile network sharing will become more viable and relevant in a 5G network deployment as spectrum bands are likely to increase the total cost of ownership of mobile networks and technical enablers will facilitate network sharing.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.80-95
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• 2012

Few studies have focused on the impact of R&D outsourcing on technological innovation and productivity despite the increased importance of R&D outsourcing. This study analyzes the productivity effects of investment in R&D outsourcing with a sample of Korean manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2009. The estimation results show a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between productivity and the share of R&D outsourcing capital for total R&D capital. This implies that the cost of R&D outsourcing outweighs its benefits in the early stages of R&D outsourcing. The U-shaped relationship is particularly pronounced in high-technology industries.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1997년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 홍익대학교, 서울; 1 Nov. 1997
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• pp.197-200
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• 1997

Each company is more interested in the productivity to achieve cost reduction and profit maximization through productivity improvement. With this trend, we show the method to measure productivity using TPM(Total Productivity Model) which considers all the input factors of the company instead of using partial productivity such as labor and/or capital productivity We also examine the relation of productivity versus output, profit versus output and profit versus productivity of the case company by actually applying the TPM and suggest the optimal level of profit and output for this company.