• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

This review begins with a brief expression of aerosol capture mechanism of fibrous filter(s) and performance of particulate removing respirators. The more complicated and detailed discussion is not included in this articles. Filtration efficiency and pressure drop are introduced as quality factor ( $q_{F}$) and the way in which filtration efficiency varies with particle size is discussed. Quality factors fro filters recently certified in USA were found to be very higher than those of filters made in Korea, China and USA filters certified with old certified standards. Electrically charged filters are widely used because they have high filtration efficiency and low pressure drop, but their efficiency decreases sharply at the condition occurring wet and oil mist. A discussion is given of respirator leakage through face seal and filter media with fit testing and total inward leakage testing. Since fit factor (FF) refers to the reciprocal of the fraction of the total air entering a respirator through face seal leakage , the degree of fitting performance for respirators is expected with FF. Because respirators made in Korea had generally lower FFs than respirators made in USA, it is necessary to develope respirators that fit properly for Koreans or establish regulations for fit testing.g.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.315-320
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to compare efficiency and Total Factor Productivity(TFP) between Korean and Japanese construction firms in Korea and Japan over the period of 2005-2011. The results of this study are as follows. Efficiency scores of Korean construction firms are 0.797, and Japanese construction firms are 0.921. Second, annual total factor productivity growth of Korean construction firms is 0.5% and technical progress do much for TFP decrease. However Japanese construction firms marked annual increasing of 2.5% of TFP. Third, technical progress contributed in TFP increase of construction firms in Korea. Korean construction firms, however, relatively lagged behind Japanese construction firms in technical progress. Therefore, Korean construction firms need strategies to achieve technical advances including adopting new technology or process innovation to maintain competitiveness, survive, and develop in the future competition with Japan.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.93-109
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• 2021

Purpose - The logistics industry is often featured by its location relevance and industrial concentration. Industrial concentration is conducive to the effective transmission of information by reducing transaction costs and improving transaction efficiency, thus promoting the development of trade. The main purpose of this paper is to measure the spatial total factor productivity and location quotient of the logistics industry in Korea, and to study the impact of the logistics industry efficiency and agglomeration effect on import and export trade in Korea. Design/methodology - First, used the spatial stochastic frontier method to measure the spatial total factor productivity of the logistics industry in Korea, this serves as the efficiency index of the logistics industry in various regions of Korea. Second, calculated the location quotient (LQ) of the logistics industry to measure the industry's concentration degree. Third, employed a spatial econometric model to analyze the impacts of factors such as the efficiency and concentration levels of the logistics industry on import and export trade in Korea. Findings - This study's main findings can be summarized as follows: this study found that the overall efficiency of the logistics industry in Korea needs to be improved, even though it showed an upward trend in all regions of the country; Moreover, the agglomeration level of Korea's logistics industry needs to be improved; Finally, the positive spatial correlation and industrial agglomeration effect of Korea's logistics industry had a positive impact on the country's import and export trade. Originality/value - This study is innovative in terms of research perspective and methods. Most of the previous studies have measured the development level of the logistics industry using the logistics performance index (LPI), Fewer studies have assessed through the spatial total factor productivity and location quotient of the logistics industry in Korea to measure the efficiency index of the logistics industry in various regions of Korea and concentration degree, as well as there was almost no study on the impact of logistics industry efficiency and agglomeration effect on import and export trade in Korea. This study addresses this limitation by analyzing the impacts of the efficiency and agglomeration effect of the logistics industry on import and export trade in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2008

A total of 41 microsatellite markers were used with 29 genotypes to examine the relationship between SSR polymorphisms and N-use efficiency related traits with a goal to identify the putative QTLs related to these traits. These primers yielded a total of 183 alleles (average 4.46 alleles per primer), and polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the SSRs ranged from 0.119 to 0.805 with mean value of 0.425. Correlation coefficients were obtained among the four N-use efficiency traits in the 34 accessions and significant positive correlations of relative ratios between grain yield and harvest index (r=0.3404) and total dry matter (r=0.7976), while N uptake showed a moderate level of correlation with the ratios of the grain yield and total dry matter, respectively. 36.5% (15/41) SSR markers were monomorphic among the 25 japonica accessions out of the 29 accessions. Association between SSR genotypes and phenotypic performances from the total (29) or japonica (25) accessions was tested based on a single point analysis. Three putative QTL regions were detected for the ratio of grain yield. These include the chromosomal region containing the RM283 locus on chromosome 1 and RM25 on chromosome 8 (all and japonica accessions) and the region with the SSR marker, RM206 on chromosome 11 (the japonica accessions). For the total dry matter ratio, two chromosomal regions were identified as the putative QTL region. One is the region with the SSR marker, RM162 on chromosome 6 (all and japonica accessions) and the other was the one with the SSR marker RM25 on chromosome 8 (the japonica accessions). Among these markers, RM25 showed associations with both traits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1086-1097
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• 2021

This study examined the impact of using total mixed ration (TMR) and concentrate on feed intake, daily gain, carcass yield grade, and carcass quality grade of Hanwoo steers and its subsequent economic efficiency. Thirty six 7-month-old Hanwoo steers were assigned to one of the four treatment groups, and each group was divided into three repeated pens, with each repeated pen comprising three steers. The treatment groups were: 1) separate feeding with commercial concentrate and forage (namely, SCF) for the entire experimental period; 2) TMR feeding for a growing period followed by SCF for the early and late fattening period (namely, TMRGSCF); 3) TMR feeding for growing and an early fattening period followed by SCF for the late fattening period (namely, TMREFSCF); and 4) TMR feeding for the entire experimental period (namely, TMRW). The results showed that the SCF treatment had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake during the growing period than other treatments. In contrast, the total feed intake had little difference during early and late fattening as well as the whole period regardless of feeding strategies. Daily gain showed no difference during the growing period. However, it was significantly higher in SCF and TMREFSCF treatments for the early and late fattening period, respectively (p < 0.05). The daily gain during the total raising period is in the order of TMREFSCF > TMRGSCF > SCF > TMRW. Carcass characteristics, including carcass weight, loin eye muscle area, and carcass yield grade, did not significantly differ among different treatments. However, TMRW treatment, wherein TMR was fed for a long time, showed that the cold carcass weight was less compared with other treatments, but carcass yield grade was higher with thinner backfat. Backfat thickness was in the order of SCF > TMRGSCF > TMREFSCF > TMRW, showing that the thickness reduced with longer TMR feeding (p < 0.05). TMRGSCF, which numerically had a higher carcass quality grade, showed higher economic efficiency, whereas SCF showed low economic efficiency. In conclusion, it was more feasible to apply TMR strategy in the growing and early fattening period and then SCF for the early or late fattening period to improve carcass yield, quality grade, and economic efficiency.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is output oriented, in order to maximize the output level of sustainable development efficiency of foreign trade in western China with limited input. This paper adopts the relevant input-output indicators of sustainable foreign trade development of 11 provinces and cities in western China from 2016 to 2020, and uses DEA model to measure their technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Malmquist index was used to calculate the total factor productivity change index of each province in western China from 2016 to 2020. We found that, on the whole, the average values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of provinces and cities in western China from 2016 to 2020 are greater than 0.8, indicating that the western region has high technical efficiency, relatively high management and institutional level and high existing scale level. Scale efficiency is lower than pure technical efficiency on the whole, indicating that the current sustainable development efficiency of foreign trade in western China is mainly limited by its scale level. The technological progress index is higher than the technological efficiency change index, indicating that the total factor productivity of the sustainable development of foreign trade in western China is mainly driven by technological progress and more influenced by external factors. We think the conclusion of this study can provide important reference information for the sustainable development of foreign trade of provinces and cities in western China.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Gravity thickening process has been widely used in WTP sludge thickening at domestic water treatment plant. The operation method of the process is very simple, however, the process requires long detention time about 24~48 hours for sludge thickening, uses polymer, and low total solids of thickened sludge to increase sludge thickening efficiency. To solve there problems, we studied about flotation process, especially, electro-flotation (EF) process in WTP sludge thickening. Electro-flotation process is simpler than dissolved-air-flotation(DAF) process because EF needs only electrode and current to generate micro-bubbles and the operation is easy. This study was performed at two batch columns to compare interface height, total solids, effluent turbidity between an electro-flotation thickening and a gravity thickening. According to the result, an electro-flotation thickening was that interface height was decreasing, total solids had high concentration, and effluent turbidity was low in comparison with a gravity thickening. Also, it will make the high efficiency of following process, such as a dehydrating process and digestive process. because of high total solids and low moisture content in the sludge.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2015

In Korea, Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDLs) has been enforced to restore and manage water quality in the watersheds. However, some assesment of implementation plan of TMDLs showed that the achievement of the target water quality is not related to the proper allocation loads because difference of flow duration interval. In the United States, the discharge loads are determined by water quality modeling considering standard flow conditions according to purpose. Therefore, this study tried to develop the allocation method considering economical efficiency using water quality model. For this purpose, several allocation methods being used in the management of TMDLs is investigated and develope an allocation criteria considering regional equality and uniformity. Since WARMF(Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework) model can simulate the time varying behavior of a system and the various water quality variables, it was selected for a decision support system in this study. This model showed fairly good performance by adequately simulating observed discharge and water quality in Miho watershed. Furthermore, the scenario simulation results showed that the effect of annual average water quality improvement to remove 1kg BOD is more than 25 times, even if point pollutants treatment facility is six times more expensive to operate than non-point pollutants treatment facility.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2020

In this study, the current state of management efficiency of ocean carriers in Korea and the factors affecting them were analyzed. The purpose of this research is to enhance global competitiveness of ocean carriers by presenting suggestions that can improve management efficiency based on the analysis results. The measurement of management efficiency was made using the DEA model. The results of testing the adequacy of the input and output variables used are as follows. Appropriate inputs are total assets, cost of goods sold, charter expenses, sales and general management expenses, and interest expenses. Appropriate variables are sales, operating income, and operating cash flow. According to the analysis results of the DEA model by these variables, inefficient carriers (78%) are nearly four times more than efficient carriers(22%). However, container carriers have the most improved management efficiency compared to 2016 and 2017. According to the panel regression analysis, the charter rate has the greatest negative impact on efficiency (CRS), and the debt rate has a significant negative impact. Thus, it appears that reducing the charter size and the debt-to-sale rate facilitate improvement of the management efficiency of ocean carriers. Additionally, the pre-sales tax return rate, value added rate, total asset turnover rate, and the scale variable and interest coverage rate have a positive (+) effect. Thus ocean carriers should restore their global competitiveness by improving management efficiency by securing stable cargoes increasing sales profitability from the cost management perspective, increasing productivity, and enhancing the efficiency of their total assets through efficient fleet management.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.923-931
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• 2021

The aim of the present study is to analyze the financial performance of converted commercial bank from non-banking financial institution through a case study of Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited as sample organization. It is observed that the bank is able to achieve a stable growth rate in total deposits, total loans and advances, and net income after tax during the period of 2015-2019. Researchers also calculated some ratio analysis and noticed that the financial position of Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited was not so strong because bank's ROA, ROE, NIM and other ratios were below standard. Researchers used secondary data that were examined by using descriptive statistical tools and panel data regression model. Result shows that Bangladesh Commerce Bank has satisfactory operating efficiency, assets management efficiency, and gives loans to customers. In addition, the present study has tested some hypotheses regarding net income after tax, ROA and ROE with total assets, total loans, total deposits and interest income. These hypotheses have been accepted, which means there is no significant influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The study suggests that Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited had the opportunities to make their financial position stronger by utilizing their good financial position and management efficiencies.