• Title/Summary/Keyword: Torticollis

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Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation in Primary Cervical Dystonia with Phasic Type : Clinical Outcome and Postoperative Course

  • Jeong, Seong-Gyu;Lee, Myung-Ki;Kang, Ju-Young;Jun, Sung-Man;Lee, Won-Ho;Ghang, Chang-Ghu
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.346-350
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    • 2009
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the relationship between outcome and time course of effect in medically refractory primary cervical dystonia (CD) with phasic type that was treated by bilateral globus pallidus internus (Gpi) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods : Six patients underwent bilateral implantation of DBS into the Gpi under the guide of microelectrode recording and were followed for $18.7{\pm}11.1$ months. The mean duration of the CD was $5.8{\pm}3.4$ years. The mean age at time of surgery was $54.2{\pm}10.2$ years. Patients were evaluated with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and relief scale using patient self-reporting. Results : The TWSTRS total scores improved by 64.5%, 65.5%, 75.8%, and 76.0% at 3, 6, 12 months, and at the last available follow-up after surgery, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in the TWSTRS scores were observed 3 months after surgery (p=0.028) with gradual improvement up to 12 months after surgery, thereafter, the improvement was sustained. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the scores at 3 and 12 months. Subjective improvement reported averaged $81.7{\pm}6.8%$ at last follow-up. Mild dysarthria, the most frequent adverse event, occurred in 3 patients. Conclusions : Our results show that the bilateral Gpi-DBS can offer a significant therapeutic effect from 3 months postoperatively in patients with primary CD with phasic type, without significant side effects.

산란계에서의 전신 다발성 육아종성 Aspergillosis 발생 (Multisystemic Aspergillosis with Granulomas in Layer Chickens)

  • 김지예;김종만;모인필
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2011
  • 본 증례는 국내의 산란계 농장에서 사육 중이던 39일령 산란계 중추계군에서 신경 증상을 동반한 폐사를 나타내며, 부검 시 폐를 포함한 뇌, 간, 신장 등의 실질장기에서 직경 1~5 mm 크기의 황백색 결절이 다수 관찰되었다. 병리조직학적으로 다발성의 육아종성 병변이 폐, 뇌, 신장, 비장 등에서 관찰되었으며, 특히 폐의 결절 형성 및 건락성 육아종성 병변이 심한 정도로 나타나 호흡기를 통해 1차 감염이 이루어진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 육아종성 결절을 SDA에 배양하여 집락의 색을 확인하고, 균사체의 Giemsa 염색 및 조직학적 병변상에서 PAS 염색 결과를 통해 Aspergillus 속 곰팡이인 것으로 확인할 수 있었고, 배양된 균사에 대한 유전학적 검사 결과 Aspergillus flavus로 동정되었다. A. flavus 균사는 폐, 뇌, 신장 및 선위에서 병변 중심부 및 변연부 모두에서 관찰되었고, 다핵 거대세포 및 섬유아세포가 염증세포들과 함께 둘러싸고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 특히 대뇌에서의 육아종성 병변 및 그로 인한 신경 증상이 임상 증상으로 발현된 것이 본 증례의 특징적인 소견이다.

뉴캣슬병 $B_1$ 생독백신의 효능비교 (Comparison of Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Virus $B_1$ Vaccine by Different Administration Method in Commerical Layer Chickens)

  • 정만호;강춘원;노용기;박진열
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 1990
  • The immune responses of commercial layer chickens against Newcastle disease(ND) were compared among different administration methods and times of vaccination during 4 weeks of age. A total of 372 day-old chickens were divided into 4 groups of 93 birds each. Each of 3 groups was received a commercially available B$_1$live vaccine via drinking water, eye instillation or spray method at one, 14 and 28 days of age. One group was used as an unvaccinated control. At two and 4 weeks after each time of vaccination, 15 birds from each group were collected randomly out and challenged with virulent ND virus at the dose of $10^5E1D_{50}$ per bird. Ten to 15 birds from each group were bled at two weeks intervals from day old to 8 weeks of age for hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer, The protection rate was generally low regardless of the times of vaccination although two or more times vaccination gave higher protection than once vaccination. The low protection was considered due to low titer of the vaccine used since the vaccine titer was less than $10^{3.5}EID_{50}$ per bird. Spray method gave better protection compared to eye instillation or drinking water method which resulted in lowest response. Majority of birds showed clinical signs of ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression(94%), anorexia(84%), diarrhoea(29%), difficult breath(15%) and torticollis(10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum(51%), trachea(35%), illeum(13%), ceacal tonsil(11%), proventriculus(10%) and some other odrgans.

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이상운동 질환에서의 신경생리적 검사법의 유용성 (Usefulness of Electrophysiological Tests in Movement Disorders)

  • 서만욱;이광우
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.126-146
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    • 1999
  • In clinical neurology various different electrophysiological tests are widely used to demonstrate the unsuspected malfunctioning in the nervous system and to monitor over time the clinical status of patients. In addition clinical neurologists and neurosurgeons take advantage of the intraoperative monitorings to increase the quality of neurosurgical operations in the posterior fossa, in the spinal cord, or in visual pathways. In the field of movement disorders, elecrophysiolgical tests provide neurologists with making accurate differential diagnoses with useful therapeutic stratergies as well as with investigating the pathophysiological machanisms. By using the electromyographic tests it could be possible for us to evaluate the types of blephalospasm, the extent of hemifacial spasm, the level of myoclonus, and the prime muscles of torticollis etc. Sometimes the myographic guidance may be critical for choosing the exact injecting site of botulinum toxin. These several decades various electroencephalographic and evoked potential tests has been utilized in the electrophysiological laboratories to understand the basic pathophysiology of myoclonus, spasticity and other central motor dysfunctions. It could be one of the breakthroughs in the area of behavorial neurology that the brain function can be mapped by the spontaneous or evoked electrical activities of nervous system since the movement related potentials (MRPs) had been studies for several decades. Various reflex tests such as masseter reflex, blink reflex, click evoked vestibulocollic reflex, facial reflex, stretch reflex, flexor reflex, H-reflex, H-reflex recovery curve, vestibular inhibition of H-reflex, reciprocal inhibition, recurrent or Renshaw reflex, Ib inhibition, cutaneous reflex have been also used to understand normal or abnormal physiology in movement disorders. Polysomnography, posturography and gait studies are also applied in clinical neurology in association with with movement disorders which are useful in deciding the treatment regimen.

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턱관절음양균형요법과 도침치료를 병행한 한방치료를 이용한 경부 근긴장이상증 치험 1례 (A Case Report of Cervical Dystonia Treated by Korean Medical Treatment with Yin-yang Balancing Therapy of the Temporomandibular Joint [Functional Cerebrospinal Therapy, FCST] and Miniscalpel-Acupuncture)

  • 박정현;도현정;정수은;박송미;이영준;김철홍
    • 턱관절균형의학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatment with FCST and Miniscalpel-Acupuncture on patient with cervical dystonia. Methods: In this study, A patient with cervical dystonia was admitted to ◯◯ Korean medicine Hospital from Oct 20th, 2020 to Nov 28th, 2020. During the admission period, the patient was treated by Korean medical treatment (acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herb medicine, etc.), especially using FCST and Miniscalpel-Acupuncture. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), the Tsui score and CDIP (Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile)-58 were used for measuring the Cervical Dystonia. Results: After treatment for 40 days, the TWSTRS showed a decrease from 52.75 to 13.75, the Tsui score also decreased from 17 to 3 and the CDIP-58 score decreased from 64.1 to 25.5. Conclusions: These results showed that Korean medical treatment especially using FCST and Miniscalpel-Acupuncture may have an effect on reducing symptoms of cervical dystonia. But the further researches are needed.

정신성 근긴장 이상 환자에 대한 한방 치험 증례보고 1례 (Case Report of Psychogenic Dystonia Treated with Traditional Korean Medicine)

  • 박호정;이현규;이성욱;조기호;문상관;정우상;진철;권승원
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.152-164
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    • 2021
  • Objective: This case reports on the effect of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) treatment in a patient with psychogenic dystonia. Methods: A patient with generalized tremor and gait disturbance diagnosed as psychogenic dystonia was treated with Yokukan-san-gami, Jakyakgamcho-tang, Yikgeebohyul-tang, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping for 6 weeks. Symptom improvement was evaluated with the unified dystonia rating scale (UDRS) and the Toronto Western spasmodic torticollis rating scale (TWSTRS). Results: After 6 weeks of TKM treatment, the UDRS and TWSTRS decreased, and the patient's clinical symptoms, including generalized tremor and gait disturbance, improved. Conclusions: This case shows that TKM treatment may be effective for improving psychogenic dystonia.

소아 심부 경부 농양에 대한 임상적 고찰 (Deep Neck Abscesses in Korean Children)

  • 이대형;김선미;이정현;김종현;허재균;강진한
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.81-89
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    • 2004
  • 목 적 : 소아 경부 농양은 항생제의 발달과 더불어 감소하는 질병으로 생각되었으나, 최근 발생 사례들이 다시 증가하고 있다. 이에 저자들은 10년간 경험한 소아 경부 농양 사례들의 발생양상, 임상경과, 항생제 감수성과 치료법을 분석하여 향후 이 질환에 대한 진단과 치료에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1993년 1월부터 2003년 8월까지 가톨릭의대 성모자애병원, 성빈센트병원, 성가병원, 의정부 성모병원에서 세균배양검사, 경부 CT, 경부 초음파 검사를 통해 경부 농양으로 진단받은 16세 이하 94례의 소아를 대상으로 임상양상, 검사결과, 치료와 예후에 대한 후향적 자료 분석을 하였다. 결 과 : 1) 2000년부터 경부농양의 연간발생이 증가하였다. 2) 연령 분포는 생후 26일에서 15세(중간값 4세), 남녀비는 1 : 1.04이었다. 3) 임상양상은 발열 73.4%(n=69), 인후통 37.2%(n=35), 경구 섭취량 감소 34%(n=32), 목 주위 통증 27.7%(n=26), 연하통 20.2%(n=19)의 순이었다. 이외 에도 경부 운동 거부 6.4%(n=6), 두통 6.4%(n=6), 사경 4.3%(n=4), 천음 2.1%(n=2), 호흡곤란 2.1%(n=2)이 있었다. 4) 이학적 진찰 소견으로는 경부 종괴 67%(n=63), 인두염 46.8%(n=44), 편도염 36.2%(n=34), 경부 림프선종대 28.7%(n=27), 후인두벽 융기 24.5%(n=23)의 순이었으며 경부강직은 4.3%(n=4)에서 있었다. 5) 경부농양의 위치는 하악하 34%(n=32), 편도주위부 29.7%(n=28), 인두 후부 11.7%(n=11), 이하선내 7.4%(n=7), 인두 주위부 6.4%(n=6), 이외 두 곳 이상에서 발생한 경우가 10.8%(n=10)에서 있었다. 6) 33명의 환자 중 농양과 혈액 세균배양검사에서 총 35례의 균주가 동정되었다. S. aureus 34%(n=12), group A beta hemolytic streptococcus 28.64%(n=10), Viridans Streptococci 14.3%(n=5)의 순이었다. 대부분 그람 양성균으로 항생제 감수성 검사결과에서, vancomycin 96.4%, 3세대 cephalosporin에 88.9%, cephalothin에 86.4%, penicillin에 51.7%에서 감수성을 보였으며, 그람 음성군에서는 amikacin에 66.7%, 3세대 cephalosporin에 100% 감수성을 보였다. 7) 총 입원일은 $9.2{\pm}4.4$일이었으며, 총 항생제 투여기간은 $15.5{\pm}5.1$일, 이중 정맥 항생제 투여기간은 $8.8{\pm}4.3$일이었다. 8) 일차적으로 선택한 항생제로는 대부분 penicillin이나 1, 2세대 cephalosporin을 포함하고 있었으며, 이 중 일부에서는 증상의 호전이 없어 metronidazol이나 clindamycin을 대체 내지 추가하였다. 9) 치료는 항생제만을 사용한 경우 18.1%(n=17), 항생제와 함께 외과적 처치를 병용한 경우 81.9%(n=77)이었으며, 이 두 군간에 입원기간, 총 항생제 투여기간, 정맥 항생제 투여 기간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 결 론 : 소아 경부 농양은 최근 들어 증가추세를 보이고 있으며, 그 임상양상도 과거와 다른 경향을 보인다. 조기진단이 가능해 짐에 따라 호흡곤란이나 천명과 같은 기도폐쇄 소견이 감소한데 반해 두통, 경부강직, 경부 운동 거부, 사경과 같은 두경부증상, 증후에서 이상 소견이 증가하고 있다. 원인균은 주로 그람양성균에 의한 경우가 대부분으로 이번 조사 결과 1세대 cephalosporin에 대해 높은 감수성을 보였으며, 임상적으로 안정화 되 있고 기도 폐쇄가 보이지 않는 환아에서 외과적 처치를 병용하는 것이 항생제 치료 기간 및 입원 기간 단축에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

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뇌성 마비를 동반한 악안면 기형 환자의 치험례 (TREATMENT OF DENTOFACIAL DEFORMITY PATIENT WITH CEREBRAL PALSY)

  • 김기호;박성연;이충국
    • 대한장애인치과학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.39-44
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    • 2006
  • Cerebral palsy(CP) is one of the most common motor disease, due to brain injury during fetal and neonatal development which results in neuromotor paralysis and associated neuromuscular symptoms. Features of CP include motor disability due to the lack of muscle control, often accompanied by sensory disorders, mental retardation, speech disorders, hearing loss, epilepsy, behavior disorders, etc. There are increasing chances of treatment of dental patients with cerebral palsy, as the occurrence of CP is increasing with the decrease in infant mortality and an increase in immature birth and premature birth and also, there is a trend to pursue of higher quality of life. Reports on the relationship between CP and maxillofacial deformity are uncommon, but it is well known that the unbalance and discontrol of the facial muscles, lip, tongue and the jaws leads to malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disorders, and statistics show that class 2 relationship of the jaws and open bite is frequently reported. However, it is difficult to perform maxillofacial deformity treatment, which consists of orthodontic treatment, maxillofacial surgery and muscle adaptation training, due to difficulties in communication and problems of muscle adaptation caused by difficulties in motor control which leads to a high recurrence rate. This case report is to trearment of maxillofacial deformity in CP patient. A 26 year old female patient came to the department with the chief complaint of prognathism of the mandible and facial asymmetry. According to the past medical history, she was diagnosed as cerebral palsy 1 week after birth, classified as GMFC, classII accompanied with left side torticollis. The patient's intelligence was moderate, and there were no serious problems in communication. For two years time, the patient underwent lingual frenectomy, pre-operation orthodontic treatment and then bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to treat mandibular prognathism and facial asymmetry followed by rehabilitatory exercise of facial muscle. After 6 months of follow up, there was a good result. This is to report to the typical signs and symptoms of DFD in CP patient and the limitation of the usual method of the treatment of DFD in CP patient with literature review.

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내시경 갑상샘 절제술 후 발생한 경부 근긴장이상증의 보툴리늄 A 독소를 이용한 치료: 증례보고 (Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Cervical Dystonia Resulting in Endoscopic Thyroidectomy: A Case Report)

  • 오화영;최환준;남두현;김준혁;이영만
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.207-211
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: Surgery for thyroid gland requires skin incisions that can result in postsurgical neck scar. To overcome this, many surgeons performed a endoscopic thyroidectomy. But, this approach had a some problems. One of postoperative problems, iatrogenic cervical dystonia (CD) may occur. At common, CD is defined as a syndrome characterized by prolonged muscle contraction causing twisting, repetitive movements or abnormal posture. Botulinum toxin A (BTA, Botox$^{(R)}$, Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) is well known treatment agent in the treatment of CD. So, the authors applied BTA injection in rare case with iatrogenic CD resulting in endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods: A 43-year-old female had endoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy operation 3 years ago. She had symptoms such as progressive cervical pain, abnormal neck posture, depression, and sleep difficulty. About 1 year later, the patient who had previous myomectomy of the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle, however, symptoms were not improved. And then the patient received BTA therapy in our department. The 2 units per 0.1 mL solution was administered in a 1 mL tuberculin syringe. Results: The dose of BTA used in the patient was 36 units for vertical platysmal bands, superficially, and 10 units for ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle, intramuscularly. After 2 weeks, additional the dose of BTA used in the patient was 5 points for remained scar bands, superficially. Complications related to injection such as significant swallowing difficulties, neck muscle weakness, or sensory change were not observed. In 9 months follow-up, the patient maintained a good result from the method of BTA injection alone. Conclusion: The basic concept is selective denervation for the hyperactive individual muscles and scar bands. We conclude that BTA is an effective and safe treatment for CD despite the iatrogenic and complex presentation of this complication.

대한악안면성형재건외과학회(KAMPRS)의 베트남 구순구개열 무료 의료 봉사 활동에 관한 보고 (The Report on the Medical Voluntary Activities for Cleft Lip and Palate in Vietnam by the Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons)

  • 함태훈;신효근;김종렬;류동목;유선열;김경원;박영욱;정영수
    • 대한구순구개열학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2010
  • 대한악안면성형재건외과학회는 2004년도부터 매년 인도적 차원에서 의료 환경이 낙후된 Vietnam의 cleft lip and palate 환자들을 치료하기 위해 무료로 해외 진료 봉사 활동을 해왔다. 초창기 해외 진료 봉사 활동 당시 베트남 의료 기술 발달이 미비하여 준비해야 할 것들이 많았으나 이 후 베트남의 경제 발전과 함께 의료 시설 및 의료 기술이 발달함에 따라 준비 품목 등이 간단명료해지고 현지 지원 및 수술 준비도 원활히 진행되었다. 이러한 무료 의료 봉사 활동을 계기로 개발도상국의 낙후된 의료 시설 및 의료 기술 발전, 의료 혜택을 받지 못한 구순 구개열 환자의 정상적 안모 및 기능 회복, 조건 없는 의료 봉사 활동을 통한 민간외교 효과 및 양국간의 우호 증진 등의 성과가 있었다. 대한악안면성형재건외과학회에서는 2009년도 역시 베트남 National Institute of Odonto-stomatology 에서 11월17일부터 26일까지 cleft lip and palate 무료수술진료단(단장 신효근)을 보내 수술봉사 활동을 펼치고 돌아 왔다. 일반적인 구순구개열 뿐만 아니라 양측성 안면열(Bilateral Facial Cleft), 사경(Torticollis) 등의 희귀 기형을 포함하여 수술을 진행하였으며 총 31례의 수술을 성공적으로 마쳤으며 지난 6년 동안의 성과와 함께 이에 대한 보고를 하고자 한다.

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